Organization of the Body

Anatomical Position
standing, facing the viewer, hands
are held down along the side of the
trunks, with the palm facing
upward.
 Planes
geometrical concept referring
an imagined flat surface

There are 3 anatomical

planes used to describe
sections of the body
Sagittal Plane – extends from
front to back and top to
bottom, dividing the body into
left and right portions. A
median plane or midsagittal
plane refers to a sagittal plane
that divides the body into
exactly equal left and right
portions.
Frontal Plane – also called
coronal plane, divides the
body into front and back
portions
 Horizontal Planes – also
called transverse plane,
divides the body into top and
bottom portions
Anatomical Directions
 paloob
palabas
harap
likod
taas
baba
Likod surface
Harap(belly
_ Malapit sa tail
Malapit sa head

Malapit
Malayo
Sa loob

Sa labas(line)
Malapit sa loob ng body

Malapit sa labasng body

Inner region
Outer region
Body Cavities and
Regions
 Cavity – spaces within the
body

Viscera – organs of any cavity

Cranial Cavity – within
the skull (brain)

Spinal cavity – within

the vertebral column
(spinal cord)
Thoracic cavity – within the rib
cage
a.Pleural cavities -left one
third and right one third of
the thoracic cavity (lung)

b.Mediastinum – middle one

third of the thorax (heart,
trachea, esophagus)
 Abdominopelvic cavity – from the
diaphragm to the bottom of the trunk

a.Abdominal cavity – from the

diaphragm to the rim of the pelvic
bones (stomach, liver most of the
intestines, pancreas, spleen, kidneys

b.Pelvic cavity – from the pelvic rim to

the floor of the trunk (portions of the
intestines, ovaries, uterus, urinary
bladder
 Abdominopelvic Regions
Right hypochondriac region – top right
region
Epigastric region – top middle region
Left hypochondriac region – top left region
Right lumbar region – middle right region
Umbilical region – central region
Left lumbar region – middle left region
Right iliac region – lower right region
Hypogastric region – lower middle region
Left iliac region – lower left region
Surface Regions – these
names are useful for
identifying not only surface
features but also underlying
muscles, bones, nerves, and
blood vessels.
1.Abdominal – area overlying the
abdominal cavity
2.Axillary – armpit
3.Brachial – upper arm
4.Buccal – cheek (side of the mouth)
5.Cervical – neck
6.Antebrachial – lower arm
7.Femoral – upper leg
8.Orbital – eye
9.Patellar – anterior knee joint
1.Pubic – lower front of trunk, between
legs
2.Thoracic – chest
3.Tibial – anterior lower leg
4.Calf – posterior lower leg
5.Gluteal – buttocks
6.Lumbar – lower back
7.Occipital – posterior of the head
8.Popliteal – posterior knee joint
9.Scapular – shoulder blade
Body Systems
 Integumentary – protection,
temperature regulation,
sensation (skin)

Skeletal - support, protection,

movement, mineral fat storage,
blood production (bones,
ligament)
Muscular – movement, posture,
heat production (skeletal
muscle, tendons)

Nervous – control, regulation,

coordination of other systems,
sensation, memory (brain, spinal
cord, nerves, sensory organs)
 Endocrine – control and
regulation of other systems
(glands)

Cardiovascular – exchange and

transport of materials (heart,
blood vessels
 Lymphatic – immunity, fluid
balance (spleen, lymph nodes,
tonsils, thymus)

Respiratory – gas exchange,

acid base balance (lungs,
trachea, larynx, nasal cavity)
Digestive – breakdown and
absorption of nutrients, elimination
of waste (stomach, intestines,
esophagus, liver, pancreas mouth)

Urinary – excretion of waste, fluid

electrolyte balance, acid base
balance (kidneys, ureters, bladder)

Reproductive = reproduction (testes,

penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina)