Anatomical Language &

Organization of the
Body
LearningOutcome
:
Describe the:
• 9Abdominal regions &
4quadrants
• Bodycavities
• Divisions of back
• Directional terms
• Bodyplanes& sections
• Regional/Anatomicalterms

Reference: Ch1Marieb
Anatomical Language
Largely Greek or Latin origin
E.g Levator labii superioris alaeque
nasi

3
Levels of Organization .

Cells are the smallest units of living things

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a

common function

An organ is a discrete structure composed of at

least two tissue types that performs a specific
function for the body

Organs that work together to accomplish a

common purpose make up an organ system

The organismal level represents the sum total of

all structural levels working together to promote
life.
 Homework
# Body systems Organs
1 Integumentary
2 Skeletal
3 Muscular
4 Nervous
5 Endocrine
6 Cardiovascular
7 Lymphatic
8 Respiratory
9 Digestive
10 Urinary
11 Reproductive
 Anatomical Position & Regions of the
Body
Axial
Regions:

Appendicular Regions:
Thorax: Gk. Breastplate, chest
Abdomen: L: the flesh of the belly
Pelvis: L. basin
5
Regional Anatomical Terms:
Terms: Cephalic(cranial &
Head facial) Cervical
Neck
Armpit Axillary
Gluteal

Buttoc Thoracic

k Patellar

Chest Mammar

Knee(a
Wris y Carpal
nterior)
t
Breast
 Divisions of the Back

• CervicalVertebrae(C1–C7)
• Thoracic Vertebrae(T1–
T12)
• Lumbar Vertebrae(L1–
L5)
• Sacrum
• Coccyx

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 Body
• Frontal or Coronal Planes
ꟷDividesbody into front
andbackportions

• Sagittal
– Dividesbody into right andleft
portions,
i.e. medial & lateral
– Midsagittal – equalright & left

• Transverse(Axial)
– Cuts acrossbody
– Superior
(Cranial,Cephalic) 13

– Inferior (Caudal)
 Directions
• Cranial:Gk-
upper part
ofhead
• Caudal:L-tail
• Dorsum:L-back
• Ventral:L-belly

• Ventral vs. Dorsal

• Anterior vs. Posterior
• Superior vs. Inferior
• Cranial vs. Caudal
• Superficial vs. Deep
• Medial vs. Lateral
• Distal vs. Proximal
• Supine vs. Prone
• Plantar vs. Dorsum
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 Abdominal Quadrants
• The median plane is that which extends from the xiphoid process to
the
pubic symphysis and splits the abdomen vertically in half.
The transumbilical plane is a horizontal line that runs at the level of the
umbilicus.
• Quadrants

McBurney’spoint?
McBurney point is defined as a point that lies one-third of the distance laterally on a line
drawn from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine. Classically, it
corresponds to the location of the base of the appendix
ORGAN LOCATION
 Body Regions
Nine abdominal
regions 1.right hypochondrium 2.epigastrium 3. left hypochondrium
4.right lumbar 5. umbilical 6. left lumbar
Identified from right toleft
7.right 8.hypogastrium 9. left
Move from top tobottom inguinal inguinal
One row at atime

parasagittal planes that run down the middle superior transverse plane is called the subcostal
of the clavicle bones plane, and it is located just below the ribs. The
intertubercular plane is the7 inferior transverse
plane running just inferior to the navel
 ORGAN LOCATION

Right Hypochondriac Region: liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and portions of

the small and large intestine
Epigastric Region: portions of the liver, as well as the stomach, pancreas,
duodenum, spleen, and adrenal glands
Left Hypochondriac Region: spleen, large/small intestines, left kidney,
pancreas, stomach, and tip of the liver
Right Lumbar Region: portions of the ascending colon, small intestine,
and
right kidney
Umbilical Region: duodenum, the small intestine, the transverse colon
Left Lumbar Region: parts of the descending colon, small intestine, and left
kidney
Right Iliac Region: the appendix, cecum, ascending colon, and small
intestine
Hypogastric Region: the bladder, portions of the sigmoid colon, small
intestine, and reproductive organs
Left Iliac Region: parts of the sigmoid colon, descending colon and small
intestine
 Body
Thoracic cavity: Cavities
• Pleural cavity
- Containlungs

• Mediastinum
- Space between the pleural sacs,
contains heart (pericardium) and
other thoracic structures
(oesophagus, trachea, thymus)

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 Body
• VentralCavity Cavities
Thoracic
Abdominal
(peritoneum) digestive
organs and the kidneys
Pelvic
reproductive organs,
urinary bladder, rectum

Diaphragm
• DorsalCavity
Cranial (meninges)
Brain
Spinal (meninges)
Spinal cord

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• Primary retroperitonealorgans: kidneys,

ureters