Anatomy of Abdomen

Dr Shakthivel Mani
Junior Resident, TMH
 Objectives
- To define the abdomen boundaries
- Basic location and structure of abdomen
organs
- Identify the organs on Imaging studies
 Abdomen-pelvis
Differentiation
The abdomen: Space between thorax (chest)
and pelvis. The diaphragm muscle forms the upper
barrier.
At the level of the pelvic bones, the abdomen ends and
the pelvis begins.

The pelvis (the basin) is the area below the abdomen (at
the level of the pelvic bones) and ends at the area between
the thighs.
Bony landmarks
Superiorly process
• -Xiphoid X 4th
extends to the
intercostals space (level of the
-Costal cartilages
male nipple)
• (ribs 7-10)
The upper part of the
abdomen is protected by the
-Tips of ribscage
bony thoracic 11 (cartilage
& 12
of ribs 7-10 & tips of ribs 11
-Vertebrae
& 12) L1-L5
• The lower part of the
-Iliac crests
abdomen IC by the
is protected
bony pelvis, and continues
-Tubercle of the crest
into pelvic cavity
• TCThe posterior part of the
abdomen is protected by the
-Anterior superior
vertebral column (L1-L5)
• iliac spinepart
The anterior ASIS
and lateral
part of the abdomen is
protected byinferior
-Anterior the muscular
• iliac spine AIIS
wall
Abdominal regions
Median plane dividing body
Surface anatomy into 2 halves)

Trans-umbilical
Plane
(L3 & L4)
L1

L5
Abdominal regions
Surface anatomy
PERITONEUM
• Parts of peritoneum
• Parietal peritoneum:heterogenous,serousemipermeable membrane that
lines the abdominal wall.
• Visceral peritoneum: covers the abdominal organs .
• Between the two coverings the peritoneal cavity is formed
 Abdomen systems and organs
• Most of digestive organs and accessories
• Kidneys and ureters Spleen
• Adrenal glands
• [Muscles, bones, nerves, blood
vessels]
Abdomen systems and organs

Digestive System:
Digestive System:Abdominal part
Digestive System
Stomach
Parts: Cardia, Fundus, Body &
Pylorus Greater and lesser
curvatures
Digestive System:
Small Intestines
Large intestine
Duodenum forms a C loop ,Jejunum, Ileum Caecum ,Colon , Rectum
• Large Intestines (colon) :Parts: Cecum and Appendix
Ascending, Descending,Transverse and sigmoid colon
Rectum

um and Anus
 Liver

- Main two lobes (right and left)

- Infereior vena vaca forms a groove within the bare area
- Falcifarm ligament, round ligament
- Gallbladder fossa
- Function: Metabolism&detoxification
:Pancreas
• Level of L1-L3
• Parts: Head , neck , body, tail ,
uncinated process
• Head lies in the C loop of the
duodenum
• Function : Enodcine&exocrine
function.
 Gall bladder
• Site:Right hypochondium
GB fossa in the liver
• Parts : Fundus , Body , neck
• Function: Secretion of bile into the
Second part of duodenum.
• Biliary Tract made up of
• Cystic duct
• Right&left hepatic duct
• Common hepatic duct
• Common bile duct
• Joins with the pancreatic duct
• Ampulla of vater
Spleen
• Lies beneath diaphragm parallel to the left 9th , 10th , 11th rib.

• Diaphragmatic surface,Surrounded by:

Stomach
Visceral surface: adjacent to the from anterior
tail of pancreas , surface through
which the Spleni.A enters.

• Function: Immunity , cell maturation

Kidney&Ureter
• Extending from T12-L3 Vertebra
• Retroperitoneal organs , i.e outside
the peritoneum.

• Blood supply: Renal.A branch of abdominal

Aorta.

• Funcion: Excretory organ

• Ureter :25cm length, continuation of the renal

Pelvis.

• Travels medially on the psoas major,separating

it from the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra.

• Enters the pelvic cavity by crossing in front of bifurcation of

common iliac.A In front of bifurcation of common iliac artery.
Arteries

T12

L1

L3
Veins
References
• www.radiology assistant.nl
• www.Medscape.com
• Greys anatomy
THANK YOU