JEE-– Math

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Review Exercise Answers

Level-1
SINGLE CHOICE

S1. (B). The given system of equations is not linear. First of all, we make the system of
equations linear by making the following substitution:
1
u
x

The given system of equations now becomes:

4u  3 y  14 ...(i)
3u  4 y  23 ..(ii)

Now, we multiply (i) by 4 and (ii) by 3, and so:

16u  12 y  56 ...(iii)
9u  12 y  69 ...(iv)

On adding (iii) and (iv), we get

25u  125
125
 u
25
 u 5
Substituting u  5 in equation (i), we get
 4  5   3 y  14
 20  3 y  14
 3 y  14  20 
 3 y  6
 y  2

Also,
u 5
1
 5
x
1
 x
5
Hence, the required solution is:
1
x  , y  2
5

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S2. (D). The given system of equations is not linear. First, we will make the system of equations
linear by dividing both sides of the two equations by xy and then by making the following
substitution:
1 1
u, v
x y
Thus, we have:
6 3 
 7
y x  ...(i)

3 9 ...(ii)
  11
y x 
6v  3u  7  ...(iii)

3v  9u  11 ...(iv)

Multiplying (iv) by 2, we get

6v  18u  22 ...(v)

On subtracting equation (iii) from (v), we get

15u  15  u  1

Substituting u  1 in equation (iii), we get

6v   3  1  7
 6v  3  7
 6v   7  3   4
4 2
 v 
6 3
Now, we have:
1
u 1 1  x 1
x
2 1 2 3
v    y
3 y 3 2

Hence, the required solution is:

3
x  1, y 
2
FILL IN THE BLANKS

S3. The correct answer is 11. The given equations can be written as

10 x  3 y  75 ...(i)
6 x  5 y  11 ...(ii)

Now, we multiply (i) by 5 and (ii) by 3, and so:

50 x  15 y  375 ...(iii)
18 x  15 y  33 ...(iv)
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Adding (iii) and (iv), we get:

68 x  408
408
 x
68
 x6
Putting x  6 in (i), we get:
10  6   3 y  75
 60  3 y  75
 3 y  75  60
 3 y  15
 y5
Thus, we have:
x  6, y  5
 x  y  6  5  11

S4. The correct answer is 8. The given equations can be written as:
4 15 65
x y  ...(i)
10 10 10
3 2 9
x y  ...(ii)
10 10 10

Now, we multiply each one of the equations by 10, and so:

4 x  15 y  65 ...(iii)
3x  2 y  9 ...(iv)

Now, we multiply (iii) by 2 and (iv) by 15 and so:

8 x  30 y  130 ...(v)
45 x  30 y  135 ...(vi)

On adding (v) and (vi), we get

53x  265
265
 x 5
53
Putting x  5 in equation (iii), we get
 4  5  15 y  65
  15 y  45
45
 y  3
15
Hence, the solution to the given system is:
x  5 and y  3
 x  y  5  ( 3)  8

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S5. The correct answer is 3. The given system of equations can be

written as
2x  5 y 2x 5 y
6   6
xy xy xy
2 5
  6 ...(i)
y x
4x  5 y 4x 5 y
 3    3
xy xy xy
4 5
   3 ...(ii)
y x
This system of equations is not linear. First, we will make it linear by making the
substitution
1 1
u, v
x y
in equations (i) and (ii). Thus, we get
2v  5u  6 ...(iii)
4v  5u  3 ...(iv)
On adding (iii) and (iv), we get
3 1
6v  3  v  
6 2
1
Substitute v  in equation (iv), we get
2
 1
 4    5u  3
 2
 5u   2  3
 5u  5
5
 u  1
5
Therefore, we have:
1
u 1  1 x 1
x
1 1 1
v    y2
2 y 2
Hence, the required solution is:
x  1, y  2
 x  y  1 2  3

S6. The correct answer is 5. The given system of equations can be written as:
6 x  5 y  7 x  3 y  1 

6 x  5 y  2  x  6 y  1 
x  2 y  1  ...(i)
 
4 x  7 y  2  ...(ii)

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Multiplying equation (i) by 4, and then subtracting it from equation

(ii), we get
y2
Substituting y  2 in equation (i), we get
x  2  2   1
 x  1  4  3
Hence, the required solution is:
x  3, y  2
 x y 5

S7. The correct answer is 34. Suppose that Ayesha and Baani have ₹ x and ₹ y respectively.
Situation I: When Ayesha gives ₹ 30 to B, then the money left with Ayesha will be ₹
 x  30  and the money left with Baani will be ₹  y  30  . According to question, we
have:
y  30  2  x  30 
 2 x  y  90 ...(i)
Situation II: When Baani gives ₹ 10 to Ayesha, then the money left with Ayesha will be
₹  x  10  and the money left with Baani will be ₹ with  y  10  . According to the
question, we have:
x  10  3  y  10 
 x  3 y  40 ...(ii)
Solving these two equations gives:
x  62 , y = 34
Hence, originally, Ayesha has ₹ 62 and Baani has ₹ 34.

S8. The correct answer is 96. Let the (normal) number of rows be x and the number of students
in each row be y. Then, the total number of students in the class is xy.
Situation I: When there are 4 extra students in each row, then the number of students in
each row is equal to y  4 and the number of rows is equal to x  2 . The total number of
students is equal to  x  2  y  4  . Therefore, we have:

 x  2  y  4   xy
 xy  4 x  2 y  8  xy
 4x  2 y  8
 2 x  y  4 ...(i)

Situation II: When the number of students in each row is reduced by 4, then the number
of students in each row is equal to y  4 , and the number of rows is equal to x  4 . Thus,
the total number of students is equal to  x  4  y  4  . Therefore, we have:

 x  4  y  4   xy
 xy  4 x  4 y  16  xy
 4 y  4 x  16
 yx4 ...(ii)

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On adding (i) and (ii), we get x  8 . Substituting x  8 in equation (ii), we

get

y  8  4  y  12

Therefore, total number of students in the class is equal to 12  8  96 .

S9. The correct answer is 57. Let the tens digit of the required number be x and the units digit
be y. Then, we have:

x  y  12 ...(i)

The required number is equal to 10x  y  . The number obtained on reversing the digits is
equal to 10 y  x  . According to the question, we have:

10 y  x   10 x  y   18
 9 y  9 x  18
 yx2 ...(ii)

On adding (i) and (ii), we get

2 y  14  y  7

Substituting y  7 in equation (i), we get

x  7  12  x  12  7  5
 x 5, y  7

Hence, the required number is 57.

S10. The correct answer is 36. Let the tens and units digits of the required number be x and y
respectively.
Then, the number is equal to 10x  y  . The number obtained by reversing the digits is
equal to 10 y  x  . Therefore, we have:
7 10 x  y   4 10 y  x 
 33  2 x  y   0
 2x  y  0
 y  2x ...(i)
Thus, the units digit is equal to 2 times the tens digit. Therefore, the units digit is greater
than the tens digit and so y  x . Since the difference between the two digits is 3,
 yx3 ...(ii)
Using equation (i) in equation (ii), we get
2x  x  3  x  3
On substituting x  3 in equation (i), we get
y   2  3  6
Hence, the required number is 36.

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S11. The correct answer is 70. Let the present ages of B and A be x years and y years respectively.
B’s age 5 years ago will be  x  5 years, and A’s age 5 years ago will be  y  5  years.
Therefore, we have:
 y  5  3  x  5
 3x  y  10 ...(i)
Now, B’s and A’s ages 10 years hence will be  x  10  years and  y  10  years
respectively. We have:
 y  10   2  x  10 
 2 x  y  10 ...(ii)
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get x  20 . Putting x  20 in equation (i), we get:
 3  20   y  10
 y  60  10  50
 x  20 , y  50
Hence, B’s present age is 20 years and A’s present age is 50 years. The required sum
is 70.

S12. The correct answer is 56. Let the present ages of the person and his son be x years and y
years respectively. Using the information provided, we have:
x  4  3 y  4
 x  4  3 y  12
 x  3 y  8 ...(i)
Also,
x  8  2  y  8
 x  8  2 y  16
 x  2y  8 ...(ii)
After solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
x  40 , y  16
Hence, the required sum is 56.

S13. The correct answer is 69. Let the units digit be x and the tens digit be y. Thus, the numerical
value of the number will be 10 y  x . According to the problem,
10 y  x   10 x  y   165
 x  y  15 ...(i)
Also, we have:
x y 3 ...(ii)
or   x  y   3 ...(iii)
Now, we solve the pairs of equations (i) and (ii), and (i) and (iii):
x  y  15 x  y  15
x y 3 x  y  3
2 x  18 2 y  18
 x9  y9
 y6 x6
The two possible numbers are either 69 or 96. Thus, our answer is 69.
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S14. Suppose that x L of mixture was taken from the first container and y L of the mixture was
taken from the second container. Thus, the third container will have  x  y  L of liquid,
equal to a mixture of 25L of milk and 10L of water.

24 4 x
A mixture of x L from the first container contains x  x L of milk and L of water.
30 5 5
3y 2y
And a mixture of y L from the second container contains of milk and of water:
5 5
4 3
 x  y  25 ...(i)
5 5
x 2
 y  10 ...(ii)
5 5
Solving this system, we will obtain x equal to 20 and y equal to 15. Thus, the amount of
liquid taken from the first container was 20L.

S15. The correct answer is 1200. Let the constant part of the expenditure be equal to ₹ x and let
the consumption of wheat be y quintals. It is given that when the price of wheat is ₹ 250
per quintal, the total expenses are ₹ 1000. Thus, we have:
x  250 y  1000 ...(i)
Also, when the price of wheat is ₹ 240 per quintal, the total expenses are ₹ 980, and so:
x  240 y  980 ...(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), we get
10 y  20  y  2
Substituting this value of y in equation (i), we get
x  250(2)  1000
 x  1000  500  500
Therefore, when the price of wheat is ₹ 350 per quintal, the total expenses will be equal to
x  350 y  500  350(2)  1200
Therefore, total expenses will be equal to ₹ 1200.

S16. The correct answer is 153. Let x and y be the original values of the length and breadth of
the rectangle respectively. Its area will thus be equal to xy square units. According to the
question, we have:
 x  5  y  3  xy  9
 xy  3x  5 y  15  xy  9
 3x  5 y  6 ...  i 
Also, we have:
 x  3 y  2   xy  67
 xy  2 x  3 y  6  xy  67
 2 x  3 y  61 ...  ii 
Multiplying equation (i) by 3 and equation (ii) by 5, we get
9 x  15 y  18  ...  iii 

10 x  15 y  305 ...  iv 

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On adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get

19 x  323  x  17
Substituting x  17 in equation (i), we get
y9
Therefore, the area of the rectangle will be equal to:
xy  17  9   153sq.units

MISCELLANEOUS

S17. Self-exercise.

S18. Consider the given system of equations:

ax  by  a  b  0 ...(i)
bx  ay  a  b  0 ...(ii)
By cross multiplication method, we have:

x
b  a  b     a  b  a 
y 1
  2
b  b  a   a  a  b  a  b 2
ba  b 2  ab  a 2 b 2  a 2
 x  2 1
a 2  b2 a  b 2
b 2  ab  a 2  ab b2  a2
  a 2  b2 
y   1
a 2  b2

S19. The given system of equations can be written as:

2ax  2by  a  4b  0 ...(i)
2bx  2ay  b  4a  0 ...(ii)
We will use the elimination technique to solve this pair. Multiplying equation (i) by b and
equation (ii) by a, we get
2abx  2b 2 y  ab  4b 2  0 ...(iii)
2abx  2a 2 y  ab  4a 2  0 ...(iv)
Subtracting equation (iii) from equation (iv), we get
2  a 2  b2  y  4  a 2  b2   0
 y2
Substituting y  2 in equation (i), we get
2ax  2b  2   a  4b  0
1
 x
2
1 5
 x y   2 
2 2

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S20. The given system of equations may be written as

1 1
x y20 ...(i)
a b
a  x  b  y   a2  b2   0 ...(ii)
By the cross-multiplication method, we have:

x y 1
  
a b b a
 
2 2
  b  2b 2a  a 
b a a b
x y 1
  
a  b
2 2
a  b
2 2
a  b 2
2

b a ab
x 1 
a  b   a  b  
2 2
 2 2 


b ab 
 
y 1 
a  b   a  b  
2 2
 2 2 


a ab 
 x  a, y  b
 x 2  y 2  a 2  b2

x
S21. Let the required fraction be . Then, we have:
y
x 1 4
  5  x  1  4  x  1
y 1 5
 5 x  4 y  1 ...(i)
x 5 1
   2 x  10    y  5 
y 5 2
 2x  y  5 ...(ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 4 and subtracting (i) from it, we get
3 x  21  x  7
Putting x  7 in equation (ii), we get
2  7  y  5
 y  14  5  9
 x7, y9
7
Hence, the required fraction is , which lies between 0 and 1. The given statement is false.
9

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a
S22. Let the required fraction be . In the first case, we have:
b
a2
1
b3
 a2  b3
 a  b  5 ...(i)
In the second case, we have:
a2 3

b3 8
 8a  16  3b  9
 8a  3b  25 ...(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 3 and then subtracting it from equation (ii), we get
5a  40  a  8
8
Substituting a  8 in equation (i), we get b  13 . Therefore, the required fraction is .
13

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