Graphing

Inequalities
Linear Equation in Two Variables
A linear equation in two variables is in the form

ax + by = c

where a, b, and c are constants and a and b ≠ 0.

 Solution of Linear functions in Two
Variables

The solution of linear equation in two

variables is the set of points on a line
that satisfies the given equation.
 Methods to determine the solution of
linear equation in two variables
1. By assigning values for x and solving for the
corresponding values of y
2. By finding the intercept.
 Example 1 Solve 5x + 3y = 15

Solution: We solve the equation by intercept method.

Let; x = 0 in 5x + 3y = 15
0 + 3y = 15
y=5

y=0; 5x + 0 = 15
5x = 15
x=3

Therefore, x-intercept is at (5,0) and y-intercept is at (3, 0)

 Then, plotting the x and y intercepts on a Cartesian plane, we
have
y
(0, 5)

5x + 3y = 15

0 x
(3, 0)

The points along the line comprise the solution set of the equation.
Example 2 Solve 2x – 4 = 2y + 8

Solution: 2x – 4 = 2y + 8
2x – 2y = 8 + 4
2x + 2y = 12
or x–y=6

Let x = 0 y = -6
y=0 x=6
Therefore, the equation on the line passes through
the intercepts (6, 0) and (0, -6).

y
(6, 0)

2x – 4 = 2y + 8

(0, -6)
 Exercises
Graph the solution set of the following equations.

1. x + y = 12 6. -x + y = 5
2.6x + 5y = 40 7. 2x – 5y = 10
3.2x – 3y = 10 8. 3x + 2y = 6
4.y = 2x + 3 9. x – 2y – 10 = 0
5.5x + 2y = 20 10. 3x + y – 15 = 0
 Exercises
Graph the solution set of the following equations.

1. x + y = 12
 Exercises
Graph the solution set of the following equations.

2. 6x + 5y = 40
 Exercises
Graph the solution set of the following equations.

3. 2x – 3y = 10
 Exercises
Graph the solution set of the following equations.

4. y = 2x + 3
 Exercises
Graph the solution set of the following equations.

5. 5x + 2y = 20
System of Linear Equations

A system of linear equations is two

or more linear equations with the
same variables.
Solution of a System of
Linear Equations

The solution of a system of

linear equations is the point of
intersection of the lines
representing the equations.
 Methods to determine the
solution of system of linear
equations

1. Algebraically

a. elimination
b. substitution.

2. graphically
Example. Solve 2x + y = 4 equation 1
x – 2y = 7 equation 2

Solution:
a) Elimination Method
4x + 2y = 8
x – 2y = 7

5x = 15
x=3

The first equation is multiplied by 2, so that by adding the

two equations, the y term in both equations will be
eliminated.
Solve y by substituting x = 3 in one of the given equations.

2x + y = 4
2(3) + y = 4
6+y=4
y=4–6
y = -2

The solution of equations 2x + y = 4 and x – 2y = 6, solved

simultaneously, is the point (3, -2).
b) Substitution Method

Solve x in terms of y in one of the equations.

2x + y = 4
2x = 4 – y
x = (4 – y)
2
Then substitute the value of x to equation 2 and solve for y.
x – 2y = 7 4 – y - 4y = 14
-5y = 14 - 4
4–y -5y = 10
- 2y = 7 (2)
2 y = -2
Finally, solve for x by substituting y = -2 in x = (4 - y)
2

x = [4 – (-2)]
2
x = 6/2

x=3
c) Graphical Method

Find the x and y intercepts of the two equations.

2x + y = 4 x-intercept (2, 0)
y-intercept (0, 4)

x – 2y = 7 x-intercept (7, 0)
y-intercept (0, -3 1/2)
 Then, graph the lines in a single rectangular coordinate
plane.

y The intersection of the lines at (3, -

5
2) is the solution of equations 2x + y
(0, 4)
4 = 4 and x – 2y = 7.
3
(2, 0)
2

0 x
1 2 3 4 5
(7, 0)

(0, -3 1/2) (3, -2)

 Exercise

A. Solve the following set of linear equations using

algebra.

1. x+y=4 and x–y=2

2. 5x + 4y = 9 and 9y – 2x =7
3. 5x – 2y = 8 and 4x – y = 7
4. 7x + 5y = 50 and 3x + 3y = 14
5. 3x – 2y = 8 and 5x – 3y = 12
 Exercise

A. Solve the following set of linear equations using algebra.

1. x+y=4 and x–y=2

x = 3 ; y =1
 Exercise

A. Solve the following set of linear equations using algebra.

2. 5x + 4y = 9 and 9y – 2x =7 x = 1 ; y =1
 Exercise

A. Solve the following set of linear equations using algebra.

3. 5x – 2y = 8 and 4x – y = 7

x = 2 ; y =1
 Exercise

A. Solve the following set of linear equations using algebra.

𝟒𝟎 𝟐𝟔
4. 7x + 5y = 50 and 3x + 3y = 14 x= ; y=−
𝟑 𝟑
 Exercise

A. Solve the following set of linear equations using algebra.

5. 3x – 2y = 8 and 5x – 3y = 12

x = 0 ; y = -4
INEQUALITIES
 Solutions of Linear Inequalities

To determine whether the point

( x1, y1 ) is a solution of the
inequality, substitute the
coordinates of the point into the
inequality. If the inequality is
satisfied, then you can conclude that
the point ( x1, y1 ) is a solution of the
inequality.
 Sketching the Graph of a Linear
Inequality in Two Variables

1. Replace the inequality sign by an equal sign and

sketch the graph of the resulting equation.

2. Test one point in each of the half-planes formed by

the graph in step 1. If the point satisfies the inequality,
then shade the entire half-plane to denote that every
point in the region satisfies the inequality.
Example: Sketch the graph of the linear inequality
25x + 5y < 15.

Solution:
• Replace the inequality sign by an equal sign.
• Rewrite the inequality in the slope-intercept form,
then sketch the graph of the resulting equation.

25x + 5y < 15.

25x + 5y = 15
5y = -25x + 15

y = -5x + 3
 y
3 •

-1
• 1 2 3
x

-1

-2
 y
3 •

-1
• 1 2 3
x

-1

-2
Test the point on each of the half-planes formed by the
graph of the line y = -5x + 3.

Choose the point (0,0) as a test point since it is easier

to substitute.

( 0 ) < -5 (0) +3
0<0+3
0<3

Because 0 is less than 3, you can conclude that the

point ( 0,0 ) is a solution of the inequality. Shade the
entire plane containing the point ( 0,0 ).
 y
3 •

2
Shade the entire plane
containing the point
1 ( 0,0 ).

-1
• 1 2 3
x

-1

-2
Sketch the graph of the linear inequality
1
1. 𝑦 > 2
𝑥
Sketch the graph of the linear inequality
2. 𝒚 − 𝟏 > ( 𝒙 − 𝟐 )
Sketch the graph of the linear inequality
𝟐
3. 𝒚 − 𝟐 < − (𝒙 − 𝟏)
𝟑
 SYSTEMS OF INEQUALITIES

Systems of linear inequalities arise in

problems that have constraint
statements that contain phrases such
as “more than”, “less than”, “a minimum
of” and “a maximum of”. A solution of a
system of linear inequalities in x and y
is a point ( x,y ) that satisfies each
inequality in the system.
Graphing a System of Linear Inequalities

1. Sketch the line that corresponds to each inequality.

2. Lightly shade the half-plane that is the graph of each

linear inequality.

3. The graph of the system is the intersection of the

half-planes.
Example: Sketch a graph of the solution of the
system of inequalities

y ≥ -4
x<6
y≤x–2
 y
•
The graph
of y ≥ -4
consists of
3 all points
above the
line y = -4
2
1

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3 y = -4

-4

-5
 y
•
The graph
of y ≥ -4
consists of
3 all points
above the
line y = -4
2
1

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
 y
•
The graph
of x < 6
consists of
3 all points to
the left of
the line
2 x=6
1

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3 x=6

-4

-5
 y
•
the graph of
x<6
consists of
3 all points to
the left of
the line
2 x=6
1

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
 y
•
The graph
of
y > -4 and
3 x<6
contains
the region
2 of
y > -4 and
1 x<6

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
 y
•
The graph of
y≤x–2
consists of
3 all points
below the
line y = x – 2
2
1

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
 y
•
the graph of
y≤x–2
consists of
3 all points
below the
line y = x – 2
2
1

x
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
 y
• Notice in the
figure that
the solution
set of the
system is the
3 triangular
region that is
common to
2 all three half-
planes. T
1
To find the
vertices,
xsolve the
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pairs of
-1 equations
that
represent the
-2 three
boundaries
-3 of the region.

-4

-5
Sketch a graph of the solutions of the system of
inequalities.
1. x + y < 1
x–y>1
y<0
Sketch a graph of the solutions of the system of
inequalities.
1. x + y < 1
x–y>1
y<0