28-November-2022

Study Guide in PROFED 102: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Module No. 8

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. _1_

3.3 Erikson’s Psycho-social Theory of Development

MODULE OVERVIEW

Did you know that Erikson’s theory was influenced by the work of psychoanalyst Sigmund

Freud? Erikson's theory evolved because of Freud's work, which also served as the foundation for

many other theories. It could be agreement or resistance.

Erikson's idea was founded on the principle of epigenetics. This theory implies that people

develop in a sequential manner over time and within the context of a broader community.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning Objectives

 Discover the origin of Erikson's Theory.

 Be familiar with Erikson's Psychosocial Theory's many stages.

 Be aware of Erikson's Theory's significance.

LEARNING CONTENTS
Erik Homburger Erikson was a German American developmental psychologist and

psychoanalyst known for his theory on the psychological development of human beings. This theory

offers a means of evaluating a personality development through a series of tensions that arise during

eight developmental stages from infancy through late adulthood.

Middle Adulthood Maturity

Young Adulthood (65 – Integrity
death) vs.
Adolescence (19 – 40 years) (41 – 65 years) Despair
School Age (12 – 18 years) Generativity
Pre-school (6 – 11 years)
Early Childhood vs.
Infancy (3 – 5 years) Intimacy vs.
(2 – 3 years) Stagnation
(Birth - 18 months) Isolation
Identity vs.
Role
Industry vs. Confusion
Inferiority
Initiative vs.
Guilt
Autonomy
vs. Shame &
Trust & Doubt
Mistrust

Stage 1 (Trust Vs. Mistrust)

During the initial stage, children acquire trust at the first stage when caregivers show

affection, and a lack of care can lead to mistrust.

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 28-November-2022

Study Guide in PROFED 102: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Module No. 8
Stage 2 (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt)

The second stage occurs during early childhood. The children gain personal control and

independence. Children who struggle and are chastised for their mishaps may lose their feeling of

personal control. Failure during this stage of psychosocial development results in feelings of shame

and uncertainty; success results in feelings of autonomy.

Stage 3 (Initiative vs. Guilt)

The third stage of Psychosocial Development occurs during the preschool years. Children

learn to establish their control through directing play and social interactions. This stage's success

leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, which

leads to feelings of guilt.

Stage 4 (Industry vs. Inferiority)

The fourth stage occurs between the ages of 6 and 11. Children gain pride in their

accomplishments and abilities. Children who are encouraged and praised by their parents and

teachers acquire a sense of competence and confidence in their abilities. Those who receive little or

no encouragement from their parents, instructors, or classmates will have doubts about their ability to

succeed.

Stage 5 (Identity vs. Role Confusion)

The crucial fifth stage occurs during the difficult adolescent years. Teenagers form an identity

that will influence their behavior for the rest of their lives. Teens must establish a sense of self and

personal identity. Adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense

exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. Failure leads to role uncertainty and a weak sense

of self, but success leads to the ability to stay true to oneself.

Stage 6 (Intimacy vs. Isolation)

Stage six encompasses the era of early adulthood. When people are experimenting with

intimate connections. The virtue known as love arises from the successful resolution of this stage. It

is distinguished by the ability to build long-term, meaningful relationships with others.

Stage 7 (Generativity vs. Stagnation)

Adulthood is stage seven. Those who succeed at this stage will feel that they are making a

difference in the world and are involved in their community. Those who fail will feel unproductive

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Study Guide in PROFED 102: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Module No. 8
and disconnected from society. Care is the virtue achieved when this stage is handled successfully.

Being proud of your accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults, and developing a

sense of unity with your life partner are important accomplishments of this stage.

Stage 8 (Ego Integrity vs. Despair)

The final Psychosocial stage is reached in old age. When people think on their lives and

decide whether or not they are happy. Those who are proud of their accomplishments will have a

strong feeling of self-worth. Completing this phase successfully involves having few regrets and a

broad sense of accomplishment. Even when confronted with death, these people will gain wisdom.)

LEARNING POINTS

If all stages are successfully controlled, the person will have a sense of mastery, also known

as ego strength or ego quality. If the stage is poorly managed, the individual will feel inadequate in

that aspect of progress. The theory was remarkable since it addressed growth throughout a person's

life as opposed to just in childhood. It also emphasized the importance of social ties in the

development of personality and growth at various stages of development.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Identification: Write the correct answer before each number.

______________________1. Who impacted Erikson's theory?

______________________2. A German American developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst

known for his theory on the psychological development of human beings.

______________________3. Those who succeed at this stage will feel that they are making a

difference in the world and are involved in their community. Those who fail will feel unproductive

and disconnected from society.

______________________4. If all steps are effectively managed, the individual will feel a sense of

mastery, also called as __________________.

Answer Key

1. Sigmund Freud

2. Erik Homburger Erikson

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Study Guide in PROFED 102: The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles
Module No. 8
3. Stage 7 (Generativity vs. Stagnation)

4. Ego Strength or Ego Quality

REFERENCE

Cherry, K. (2022, August 3). Understanding Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Verywell

Mind. Retrieved November 28, 2022, from https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-

stages-of-psychosocial-development-2795740

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