Group 3

Leader: Babylyn Conde

Members: Prince Kailer Camanay
Via Carson
Deverly Castro
Nona Mae Culajara
Louie Jean Dela Cerna
Clarence Dumago

ERIKSON’S PSYCHO-SOCIAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

Erik Homburger Erikson is the father of Psycho-social development. His theory was
named as Post-Freudian Theory. Erikson coined the term identity crisis as a turning point in
one's life that may either strengthen or weaken one's personality. He is the world fame
Psychoanalyst, Anthropologist, Psych historian and a Medical School professor. Yet he had no
college degree of any kind. He intended his theory of personality to extend rather than repudiate
Freud's Psychoanalysis and to offer a new "way of looking things".
According to Cherry 2021, Unlike Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, however,
Erikson's theory described the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan. Erikson
was interest in how social interaction and relationships played a role in the development and
growth of human beings. Each stage in Erikson's theory builds on the preceding stages and
paves the way for following periods of development. In each stage, Erikson believed people
experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in development. If people successfully deal
with the conflict, they emerge from the stage with psychological strengths that will serve them
well for the rest of their lives. If they fail to deal effectively with these conflicts, they may not
develop the essential skills needed for a strong sense of self.

Erikson also believed that a sense of competence motivates behaviors and actions.
Each stage in Erikson's theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the
stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which is sometimes referred to as
ego strength or ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense
of inadequacy in that aspect of development.

EIGTH STAGES OF ERIKSON’S PSYCHO-SOCIAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT

STAGE 1-TRUST AND MISTRUST

The trust versus mistrust stage is the first stage of psychologist Erik Erikson’s theory of
psychosocial development. This stage begins at birth and lasts until your child is around 18
months old. According to Erikson, it is the most important period of your child's life, as it shapes
their view of the world as well as their overall personality.

In this stage of Trust and Mistrust, children are almost entirely dependent upon others
for their care and safety. It is during this stage that children build the foundations of trust in the
world.
The trust versus mistrust stage serves as a foundation of development. The outcomes of this
stage can have effects that influence the rest of an individual's life. Because of this, it is
essential for parents to provide responsive, dependable care. The care that adults provide
determines whether children develop this sense of trust in the world around them. Children who
do not receive adequate and dependable care may develop a sense of mistrust of others and
the world.

STAGE 2- AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

Most parents and caregivers strive towards building confidence in children but how?
According to a study published in Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, allowing
children to explore further from home may help achieve that goal. Ages of 18 months to around
age 2 or 3 years. According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a
greater sense of self-control., children begin to assert their independence, by walking away from
their mother, picking which toy to play with, and making choices about what they like to wear, to
eat, etc. If children in this stage are encouraged in their increased independence, they become
more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world. If children are criticized, or
overly controlled they begin to feel inadequate in their ability to survive, and may then become
overly dependent upon others, lack self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their
own abilities. Autonomy versus shame and doubt, builds upon that earlier stage and lays the
foundation for the future stages to come. This stage also serves as an important building block
for future development. Kids who have confidence in their skills are more likely to succeed in
subsequent tasks such as mastering social, academic, and other skills.

STAGE 3- INITIATIVE VS GUILT

The age of 3-5 years old the child starts to wonder around. During the initiative versus
guilt stage, children assert themselves more frequently through directing play and other social
interaction. These are particularly lively, rapid-developing years in a child's life. And Erikson
called the ages of 3 to 5 the "Play Ages." It's the time in life when children first get a chance to
take the initiative through play.

STAGE 4-INDUSTRY VS. INFERIORITY

The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from
approximately ages 5 to 11. Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of
pride in their accomplishments and abilities.

Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a
sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority
Psychosocial theory does not focus on the obvious physical changes that occur as children
grow up, but rather on the socioemotional factors that influence an individual's psychological
growth.2 At each point in development, people cope with a psychosocial crisis. In order to
resolve this crisis, children and adults are faced with mastering the developmental task primarily
to that stage.

STAGE 5- IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION

Identity vs. role confusion is the fifth stage, which occurs between the ages of 12- and
18-years during adolescence. The adolescent's body image changes during this stage. It is the
time where they want to figure out who he/she really is and what they want to be. Failure to
develop a sense of identity in society may lead to role confusion. Role confusion occurs when a
person is unsure about themselves or their role in society.

STAGE 6- INTIMACY VS. ISOLATION

Intimacy versus isolation is the sixth stage. This stage occurs between the ages of 18
and 40 in young adulthood. This is the point of creating personal, meaningful relationships with
other people. Completing this stage can lead to joyful relationships as well as a sense of
commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Isolation, loneliness, and depression can
result from avoiding closeness and fearing commitment and relationships. This stage's success
will lead to the virtue of love.

STAGE 7- GENERATIVITY VS. STAGNATION

Generativity versus stagnation is the seventh of eight stages of Erik Erikson's theory of
Psychosocial Development. When people who fail to achieve generativity, they instead develop
a sense of stagnation. Such feelings can have an impact on how people manage the later years
of their lives. Potential outcomes can be worse in health, lower quality relationships and
decreased life satisfaction. That is why it is necessary in finding ways to combat these problems
for you to stay more active, engaged, and satisfied with your life as you age like learning
something new.

STAGE 8- INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR

The last stage of Erikson's theory is the integrity vs despair. In which the major
developmental task of older age is finding meaning in the life that one has led. Success gives
rise to a sense of integrity, whereas failure leads to despair. According to Erikson's theory,
individuals don't experience integrity or despair all the time. Instead, most healthy individuals
experience a balance between each as they begin to make sense of their lives.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF ERIKSON’S THEORY

One of the major weaknesses of Erickson's psychosocial theory is critic. The theory
centers generally on stages whereas the mechanism in solving the conflict isn’t well portray, it
doesn’t contain an exact detail including the possible experiences an individual will encounter in
every stage to resolve the conflict and move forward for the next stage. It seems to focus more
on childhood, even it does span the entire life. Moreover, how it is applied to other cultures,
each culture has its own category while Erickson’s theory is rather concrete, some cultures can
be development in ages such as breast feeding, training to toilet or even marriage.
However, despite of the limitations it also has strengths, it conceptualizes the influence
of relationships the individuals and society have that contribute to development. Another, a
person can feel accomplished by moving consecutively through stages and most importantly, it
gives a wide system for us to realize the connection of each stages and to keep in mind that the
person’s development starts with infancy.

SUMMARY
 Post-Freudian Theory
 Has 8 stages
 Each stage has its own conflict that serves as turning point of development.
 Describes the impact of social experiences across lifespan.
 Stage 1 Trust & Mistrust
 Begins at Child birth until 18 months old.
 Shapes their view of the world and overall personality
 Dependent upon others
 Stage 2 Autonomy VS Shame & Doubt
 Starts at 18 months to age 2 or 3.
 Developing greater sense of self-control
 Begins to show independence and confidence.
 Stage 3 Initiative VS Guilt
 Age of 3 – 5 years old.
  More frequently directing play & other social interactions.
 Rapid-developing years.
 Also known as the “Play Ages”
 Stage 4 Industry VS Inferiority
 Ages 5 – 11 years old
 Develop sense of pride in their accomplishment & abilities through social interactions
 Cope with new social and academic demands.
 Stage 5 Identity VS Role Confusion
 Ages 12-18 years old
 Figuring out who they really are & what they want.
 Finding their role in the society.
 Stage 6 Intimacy VS Isolation
 Ages 18 – 40 years old.
 Creating personal and meaningful relationship to other people.
 Succession of this stage leads to virtue of love.
 Stage 7 Generativity VS Stagnation
 Ages 40 – 65 years old.
 Fail to achieve generativity will lead to stagnation.
 Stage 8 Integrity VS Despair
 Ranges at the age of 65 & end at death.
 Time to find meaning in life.
 Healthy individuals experience balance in their lives.

REFERENCES

helpme, 123. (n.d.). Strengths and weaknesses of erikson's theory. Strengths and
Weaknesses of Erikson's Theory - 747 Words | 123 Help Me. Retrieved
September 20, 2021, from https://www.123helpme.com/essay/Strengths-And-
Weaknesses-Of-Eriksons-Theory-519337.

Beasly, A. (2015). Erik Erikson's Psychosocial stages of development - Ppt video online
download. SlidePlayer. Retrieved September 20, 2021, from
https://slideplayer.com/slide/7636382/.

Mcleod, S. (2018). Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. Erik Erikson |

Psychosocial Stages | Simply Psychology. Retrieved September 20, 2021, from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html.

Cherry, K. (2021). Understanding Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

Verywell Mind. Retrieved September 20, 2021, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-
2795740.