Section 5-1-3-3-Civil Materials

YAMAMA CEMENT COMPANY
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS:
Section 5-1: Owner’s Standards
SECTION 5-1-3-3: CIVIL MATERIALS
Yamama Cement Company, P.O. Box 293, 11411 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
July 2021
Route de Chancy, 50- 1213 Genève- Suisse - Tél. +41 (0)22 545 69 00
E-mail info@pegeng.ch - Website www.pegeng.ch
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ............................................................................................................ 5
1.1. SCOPE.................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. GENERAL PRESCRIPTIONS .............................................................................. 5
1.3. SUPPLIES AND TESTS........................................................................................ 5
1.3.1. Materials ........................................................................................................... 5
1.3.2. Tests after Delivery ................................................................................................ 5
1.4. SITE LABORATORY ........................................................................................... 6
2. EARTHWORKS .................................................................................................. 7
2.1. TYPE OF MATERIALS ........................................................................................ 7
2.2. FILL MATERIALS ................................................................................................ 7
2.3. HARDCORE MATERIALS .................................................................................. 7
2.4. TESTING ............................................................................................................... 7
3. CONCRETE ......................................................................................................... 8
3.1. CEMENT................................................................................................................ 8
3.1.1. Type of Cement ...................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1.1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OP) ............................................................................. 8
3.1.1.2. Sulphate Resisting Cement (HS) ............................................................................ 8
3.1.2. Supply of Cement ................................................................................................... 9
3.1.3. Testing ........................................................................................................... 9
3.1.4. Storage and Use ...................................................................................................... 9
3.1.5. Rejection ........................................................................................................... 10
3.2. AGGREGATES ..................................................................................................... 10
3.2.1. Classes and Quality ................................................................................................ 10
3.2.2. Physical and Chemical Requirements .................................................................... 11
3.2.3. Testing - Quality and Regularity ............................................................................ 11
3.2.4. Storage and Use ...................................................................................................... 12
3.3. WATER .................................................................................................................. 12
3.3.1. Sources and Quality................................................................................................ 12
3.3.2. Physical and Chemical Requirements .................................................................... 13
3.3.3. Analysis ........................................................................................................... 13
3.3.4. Storage and Use ...................................................................................................... 13
3.4. ADMIXTURES AND ADDITIVES ...................................................................... 13
3.4.1. Types and Use ........................................................................................................ 14
3.4.2. Information and Documents ................................................................................... 14
3.4.3. Testing ........................................................................................................... 14
3.5. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN .................................................................................. 14
3.5.1. Concrete Type ........................................................................................................ 14
3.5.2. Class Strength: ........................................................................................................ 16
3.5.3. Durability ........................................................................................................... 16
3.5.4. Consistency ........................................................................................................... 16
3.5.5. Grading of the Aggregates ..................................................................................... 17
3.5.6. Type and Content of Cement.................................................................................. 20
3.5.7. Water content: ........................................................................................................ 20
3.5.8. Chloride content class ............................................................................................ 20
3.5.9. Nominal Strength ................................................................................................... 21
3.5.10. Characteristic Strength ........................................................................................... 21
3.5.11. Current Margin ....................................................................................................... 22
Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 2 of 46

3.6. CONCRETE MANUFACTURE ........................................................................... 22
3.6.1. Batching and Mixing Plant ..................................................................................... 22
3.6.2. Precautions During Inclement Weather ................................................................. 23
3.6.3. Hand Mixing........................................................................................................... 23
3.7. TRIAL MIXES AND PRELIMINARY TESTS .................................................... 24
3.7.1. Trial Mixes 24
3.7.2. Preliminary Tests .................................................................................................... 24
3.7.3. Acceptance of Mixes .............................................................................................. 24
3.7.4. Adjustments to Mix Proportions ............................................................................ 25
3.7.5. Changes in Size of Cube Test................................................................................. 25
3.8. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS.............................................................................. 25
3.8.1. Purpose and Type of Tests ..................................................................................... 25
3.8.2. Cement Content, Water/Cement Ratio and Consistency........................................ 25
3.8.3. Compressive Strength Tests ................................................................................... 26
3.8.4. Strength Requirements ........................................................................................... 26
3.8.5. Hardened Concrete Tests........................................................................................ 27
3.9. OTHER TYPES OF CONCRETE AND GROUT ................................................. 27
3.9.1. Lean Concrete......................................................................................................... 27
3.9.2. Cyclopean Concrete ............................................................................................... 27
3.9.3. Granolithic Concrete .............................................................................................. 27
3.9.4. Lightweight Concrete ............................................................................................. 28
3.9.5. Cement Grout ......................................................................................................... 28
3.9.6. Mortar for concrete repairs ..................................................................................... 28
3.9.7. Other products for repair and/or for sealing ........................................................... 29
4. SHUTTERING ..................................................................................................... 30
4.1. SCAFFOLDING .................................................................................................... 30
4.1.1. Types of Materials for Scaffolding ........................................................................ 30
4.2. FORMWORK ........................................................................................................ 30
4.2.1. Materials for Formwork ......................................................................................... 30
4.2.2. Types of Formwork ................................................................................................ 30
5. REINFORCEMENT ............................................................................................ 32
5.1. STEEL REINFORCEMENT ................................................................................. 32
5.1.1. Properties ........................................................................................................... 32
5.1.2. Strength (Grade) and Ductility Class ..................................................................... 32
5.1.3. Size and surface characteristics .............................................................................. 33
5.1.4. Other characteristics ............................................................................................... 34
5.1.5. Types of reinforcement .......................................................................................... 34
5.1.6. Alternative Steels ................................................................................................... 34
5.1.7. Information and Certificates ................................................................................... 34
5.1.8. Testing ........................................................................................................... 34
5.1.9. Storage ........................................................................................................... 35
5.1.10. Use ........................................................................................................... 35
5.2. PRE-STRESSING COMPONENTS ...................................................................... 35
5.2.1. Pre-stressing Steel .................................................................................................. 35
5.2.2. Prestressing Devices ............................................................................................... 36
5.2.4. Testing ........................................................................................................... 36
5.2.5. Storage ........................................................................................................... 36
6. BUILDING MATERIALS................................................................................... 38
6.1. MORTAR ............................................................................................................... 38

6.1.1. Materials for Mortar ............................................................................................... 38
6.1.2. Cement Mortar ....................................................................................................... 38
6.1.3. Cement Lime Mortar .............................................................................................. 38
6.1.4. Mixing ........................................................................................................... 38
6.2. HOLLOW BLOCKS .............................................................................................. 38
6.2.1. Types, Shape and Sizes .......................................................................................... 38
6.2.2. Proprieties and Tests .............................................................................................. 39
6.2.3. Transport, Storage and Use .................................................................................... 39
6.3. MATERIALS FOR PLASTER .............................................................................. 39
6.3.1. Cement, Sand, Water and Lime.............................................................................. 39
6.3.2. Gypsum ........................................................................................................... 40
6.4. MATERIALS FOR GRANOLITIC CONCRETE ................................................. 40
6.4.1. Cement, Aggregates and Water .............................................................................. 40
6.4.2. Mixing ........................................................................................................... 40
6.5. TILES FOR FLOORS ............................................................................................ 40
6.5.1. Cement Tiles........................................................................................................... 40
6.5.2. Ceramic Tiles ......................................................................................................... 40
6.5.3. Marble Tiles 40
6.5.4. Terrazzo Tiles ......................................................................................................... 40
6.5.5. Roofing Tiles .......................................................................................................... 41
6.6. TILES FOR WALLS.............................................................................................. 41
6.6.1. Glazed Ceramic Tiles ............................................................................................. 41
7. STRUCTURAL STEEL AND CLADDING ...................................................... 42
7.1. STRUCTURAL STEEL ......................................................................................... 42
7.1.1. Type and Qualities of Construction Steel............................................................... 42
7.1.2. Sections ........................................................................................................... 42
7.1.3. Bolts ........................................................................................................... 42
7.1.4. Welding material .................................................................................................... 43
7.1.6. Testing ........................................................................................................... 43
7.2. CHEQUERED PLATES ........................................................................................ 44
7.2.1. Type and Qualities of Steel .................................................................................... 44
7.2.2. Fixing ........................................................................................................... 44
7.3. CLADDING ........................................................................................................... 44
7.3.1. Types and Qualities of Materials............................................................................ 44
7.3.2. Testing and Certificates .......................................................................................... 44
7.4. GRATING .............................................................................................................. 45
7.5. METAL DOORS AND WINDOWS ..................................................................... 45
7.5.1. Types and Qualities ................................................................................................ 45
7.5.2. Steel Doors and Windows ...................................................................................... 45
7.5.3. Aluminium Doors and Windows ............................................................................ 46
7.5.4. Sliding Folding Doors ............................................................................................ 46
7.5.5. Rolling Shutters ...................................................................................................... 46

1. GENERAL
1.1. SCOPE
This Specification covers the Material for Civil Works and includes recommendations of type,
quality, testing and workmanship for materials to be used in the Works.
1.2. GENERAL PRESCRIPTIONS

This Specification shall be read in conjunction with the Specification for Design (Section 5-1-
3-1 Engineering Procedures and Documents), the Section 5-1-3-2 (Civil Design Criteria) and
Section 5-1-3-4 (Workmanship & Execution of the works), as well as with Section 3-1 (Scope
of Work) and the drawings and other documents of the Contract.
Material type, quality, testing and workmanship shall be in accordance with this Specification.
Detailed instructions on such aspects which are not indicated herein shall be as per the
Governing Standards and Codes.
Upon on request, the Owner can instruct the Contractor of additional testing.
Under any circumstances, the Contractor shall not be relieved of his responsibility under the
Contract.
The inspection of material and workmanship is at the Owner’s discretion.
1.3. SUPPLIES AND TESTS

1.3.1. Materials
The Contractor shall supply all material necessary for the complete execution of the Works,
and shall prepare a procurement schedule of supplies and maintain on the Site a sufficient
storage to meet the Works schedule.
The Contractor shall, whenever prescribed herein or required by the Owner or Engineer,
supply samples and execute tests on any material intended for use in the Works. No material
can be used without the previous approval of the Owner .
The approval of the Owner or Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility
under the Contract.
1.3.2. Tests after Delivery

Samples of all materials proposed to be used in the Works may be called for at any time by
the Owner or Engineer .
The Contractor`s test certificate will normally be accepted as proof of compliance with the
Specification, but the Owner or Engineer may direct confirmatory tests which are to be
conducted by a recognized quality control organization. The Contractor shall bear all expenses
required for the preparation, dispatch, and testing of the samples. In case the results of such

tests show any sample to be inferior to specifications, the whole consignment from which the
sample was taken shall not be used and shall be immediately removed from the Site.
1.4. SITE LABORATORY

In order to carry out the tests described in the Specification, the Contractor shall provide,
deliver and maintain for the use of the Owner/Engineer and for the duration of the Contract at
an agreed location on the work Site an approved temporary site building with services,
furniture, equipment, apparatus fittings, materials and supplies. He shall also appoint an
independent test laboratory, agreed by the Owner/Engineer, as well as a field control
laboratory. The laboratory shall be properly staffed and equipped for, but not limited to, the
following:
• Concrete cylinder or cube and block testing;
• General tests for concrete, such as sieve analysis, slump, water cement ratio, mix
designs, etc;
• General soil testing equipment including facilities for Atterberg’s limits, hydrometer
tests, field density, CBR, salt content, etc.
The layout and the list of this equipment are to be submitted by the Contractor to the
Owner/Engineer one month before the beginning of the construction works, and the laboratory
is to be ready on– site at the beginning the construction Works.
The Contractor shall also appoint an independent test laboratory, agreed to by the
Owner/Engineer , to carry out any required tests as deemed necessary.
Results of any test carried out by this laboratory shall be directly passed from the laboratory to
the Owner/Engineer at the same time as they are passed to the Contractor.
The laboratory equipment shall be installed in a trailer or a room specially designed for this
purpose. The minimum area of the laboratory on an adjacent office shall be 50 m2.
The laboratory shall be well air-conditioned, insulated and dust and weather tight to provide a
comfortable working conditions. It shall be supplied with an adequate pressurized water
system, a reliable electrical system, refrigerator, heater, sinks, drains cabinets, desks, tables,
drawers, chairs, etc.

2. EARTHWORKS
2.1. TYPE OF MATERIALS
The type of materials to be used for the diverse earthworks, filling, embankments, etc., shall
conform to the qualities and requirements for each Work, as indicated in the Specification for
the Works or shown on the Drawings. The Contractor shall investigate the possible areas for
acquiring such materials, as well as the possibility of reusing materials arising from
excavations on the Site, the source and quality of materials.
2.2. FILL MATERIALS

The selected fill material shall be free from rubbish, organic and other unsuitable matter.
Depending on the use, the fill material can consist of:
• Natural graded sand;
• Clay or marly natural soils;
• Quarry overburden.
2.3. HARDCORE MATERIALS

Hardcore materials shall consist of crusher run broken stone, concrete, or other approved local
material of a size not greater than 7.5 cm maximum dimension. It shall consist of clean,
durable sharp fragments mixed with an approved binder and shall be free of clay, soft chalk
and all deleterious matter, and shall be chemically inert.
2.4. TESTING
The Contractor shall carry out field and laboratory investigations and tests according to the
norms and standards defined in this Contract to prove the suitability of the materials, and to
demonstrate that the required compaction, as specified for each work, can be reached.
The approval of the materials by the Owner/Engineer will be based on the results of these
tests.

3. CONCRETE
3.1. CEMENT
EN 197 will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in this European
Code are not available, the present description is to be respected unless otherwise specified.
Yamama Cement will be use and accepted in this specification.
3.1.1. Type of Cement
Cement to be used in the Works shall be in general :
• Ordinary Portland Cement (OP);
• Sulphate Resistant Cement (HS).
3.1.1.1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OP)

Ordinary Portland Cement shall conform to EN 197. It is generally CEM I (Portland cement).
Other types of cement like Portland composite cement (CEM II), Blastfurnace cement
(CEM III), Pozzolanic cement (CEM IV) or Composite cement (CEM V) can be used instead
of Ordinary Portland Cement to meet special requirements or performances when authorized
by the Owner/Engineer.
For pre-stressed structures Strength class 42.5 or 52.5 shall be used.
3.1.1.2. Sulphate Resisting Cement (HS)

Portland Cement CEM I with less than 3% of C3A, Blastfurnace cement (CEM III/B and
III/C), Portland fly ash cement (CEM II/B-V) and Pozzolanic (siliceous fly ash) cements
(CEM IV/A and IV/B) can confer concrete with sulphate resisting properties. These cements
shall conform to following requirements :
CEM I
• C3A < 3%;
• Minor additional constituents < 3%;
• Additives < 0.1%.
CEM II
• Minor additional constituents < 3%;
• Additives < 0.1%;
• For CEM II/A : [Blastfurnace slag (S)] or [Fly ash (siliceous) (V)] or [ mix of (S)
and (V)] or [Natural Pozzolana (P)] < 20%;
• For CEMII/B : Blastfurnace slag (S) < 35%.

CEM III/A
• Blastfurnace slag (S) > 60%;
• Additives < 0.1% (except chloride <1%).
CEM III/B CLK CEM III/C
• Additives < 0.1% (except chloride <1%).
CEM V/A et B
• Additives < 0.1%.
For pre-stressed structures Strength class 42.5 or 52.5 shall be used.
Other types of cement (with HS performances) can be used to meet special requirements or
performances when authorized by the Owner/Engineer.
3.1.2. Supply of Cement
All cement used for the construction Works shall be purchased from an approved supplier.
The Contractor undertakes to submit with his Contract a list of his consumption of Portland
Cement according to EN 197, from which the necessary quantities per quality class can be
seen.
3.1.3. Testing
For every type and/or delivery of cement, the Contractor shall furnish the Owner/Engineer
with duplicate copies of the Contractor`s tests and data conforming to EN 197-1 and 197-2,
consisting of :
• Date of manufacture;
• Standard strength (at 28 days) and early strength (at 2 and 7 days);
• Chemical analysis (Main constituents as per EN 196 and 197, Minor additional
constituents, Calcium sulphate, additives, SO3, MgO, insoluble fraction, etc.);
• Initial time of setting;
• Soundness (Volume stability).
Tensile and compressive strength of cement at 2, 7 and 28 days will be tested.
Cement stored on the site for longer than one month shall be re-tested prior to use. Unless this
cement is approved for usage by the Owner/Engineer, the cement shall not be used for the
Works.
3.1.4. Storage and Use
Sufficient quantities shall be stored on the site to ensure that satisfactory progress can be
maintained on the works.

Cement may be stored on-site in bulk silos, provided they are insulated against sun radiation
and equipped with temperature gauges. Cement delivered in bags shall be stored off the
ground in dry, well ventilated sheds and arranged in separate consignments as received from
the manufacturer so that cement is utilized in the order of receipt from the manufacturer.
Different types or brands of cement shall be stored in separate containers or sheds. If bagged
cement is stored in bulk containers, it shall be charged to the containers through a 6 mm mesh
screen which is welded or bolted to and covers the entire feed area of the container charging
hopper.
Cement shall be used as soon as possible after delivery and in the order in which it is
delivered. Cement which is aged more than twelve months from the date of manufacture shall
not be used, nor will the use of cement which, for any reason, has become partially set or
caked, contains lumps, or cement reclaimed from discarded or used bags be allowed.
Different brands or types of cement shall not be mixed together for use in the Works.
3.1.5. Rejection
Notwithstanding the receipt of the required test certificate, the Owner/Engineer may also
reject cement which has deteriorated owing to inadequate protection or other causes, or in any
other case where the cement is not to his satisfaction. The Contractor shall remove all rejected
cement from the site without delay.
3.2. AGGREGATES
EN 12620 will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in this European
The following articles applies to standard aggregates which mass (determined according to
EN-1097-6) is between 2000kg/m3 and 3000 kg/m3.
3.2.1. Classes and Quality

Coarse aggregates shall be single sized aggregates obtained by mechanical crushing and
screening.
They shall be delivered to the site and stored in a minimum of 4 separate single sized
components, i.e. sand and fine aggregates: 0-4, 4/8, 8/16, 16/32 or 16/63.
Fine aggregates may be either natural washed sand from dunes or crushed sand. The
Owner/Engineer principle approval of the Contractor's proposed sources of aggregates must
first be obtained in writing, subject to satisfactory testing.
Except as may be modified hereunder, the aggregates (fine and coarse) for all types of
concrete shall comply in all respects with the Governing Standards.

Aggregates shall be hard, strong and durable and shall contain no harmful material in
sufficient quantity to adversely affect the strength or durability of the concrete or, in the case
of reinforced concrete, to attack the reinforcement.
3.2.2. Physical and Chemical Requirements
Fine and coarse aggregates shall comply with the following physical requirements :
The aggregates shall be sound, sharp and neither flat nor elongated.
The specific gravity in dry condition for coarse and fine aggregate shall be higher than 2.5.
The grading of the aggregate shall comply with the Fuller grading curve.
The weight of voided shells in fine aggregate shall not exceed 5 %.
The clay, fine silt and dust content shall not exceed the following limits :
• Coarse aggregates: 1.5 % by weight
• Natural sands: 3% by weight
• Crushed stone sands: 6% by weight
The flakiness and elongation indexes of coarse aggregates shall not exceed 25 % and 35 %
respectively.
The absorption of fine and coarse aggregates shall not exceed 2.5 %.
The aggregate impact value for coarse aggregates shall not exceed 30 %.
The abraded quantity (by Los Angeles Abrasion Test) shall not exceed 40 %.
The aggregates shall also comply with the following chemical requirements :
Fine and coarse aggregates shall not contain more than 0.03 % by weight of chlorides (as Cl).
Fine and coarse aggregates shall not contain more than 0.4 % by weight of acid soluble
Sulphate (as SO3).
Coarse aggregates and crushed stone sands shall be a minimum of 85 % by weight calcium
carbonate (Ca CO3).
Fine and coarse aggregates shall not be potentially reactive with alkalis.
3.2.3. Testing - Quality and Regularity
The conformity of the aggregates to the above requirements shall be proved by the Contractor
through laboratory tests.
Those preliminary tests relative to all physical and chemical requirements shall be conducted
according to the modalities as prescribed by the Governing Standards, and shall be undertaken
sufficiently in advance before work starts. The approved quality and grading shall be
maintained.

Routine control tests shall be carried out for this purpose on samples of every 500 m3 of each
type of aggregate delivered to the site.
The test results shall be forwarded to the Owner/Engineer.
The Owner/Engineer will instruct the Contractor of further tests upon requirement. If the
source of supply changes, the Contractor will be required to undertake further tests on the new
material in order to satisfy the Owner/Engineer that the standard of materials is maintained.
The Contractor shall at all times maintain on the site such quantities of each type of aggregate
as are considered to be sufficient to ensure continuity of Work.
Stockpiles shall be on a temporary, concrete hard standings with front aprons and side aprons
or retaining walls. Each type of aggregate shall be stored separately.
Aggregates shall, if necessary, be washed mechanically by the Contractor to remove clay, silt,
dust and adherent coating.
Wet aggregate delivered to the site shall be kept in storage for at least 24 hours to ensure
adequate drainage before being used for concreting.
Aggregates which have been in storage for a long period shall be removed from the bins and
rewashed by the Contractor to remove any accumulation of dust, silt and deleterious
substances.
To avoid excessive temperature of the aggregates, measures should be taken by the Contractor
(i.e. provide a cover for 2 days of important casting).
The aggregates can be sprayed with cold water. In that case, the water shall be considered in
the water content of the concrete.
3.3. WATER
In principle, EN 1008 will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in
this European Code are not available, the present description is to be respected unless
otherwise specified.
3.3.1. Sources and Quality

The water used for all concrete works shall comply with the physical and chemical
requirements as stated in § 3.3.2. hereinafter. The Contractor has the full responsibility for
supplying the Site with sufficient quantities of water of suitable quality, and shall take all
adequate measures for the search and exploitation of any necessary external source, and for
the treatment of the water, to prevent any disturbance of the concrete works due to breaking or
shortage in the supply from the Plant installations.

3.3.2. Physical and Chemical Requirements
The water used for the concrete works shall be clean, fresh water free from acids, alkalis, oil,
clay, loam and any organic impurities in an amount which impairs the quality of the concrete.
The water shall meet the following physical and chemical requirements :
• The total amount of impurities in suspension shall not exceed 2'000 mg/l.
• The water oxydability shall not be more than 100 ppm in terms of KMnO4.
• In non-reinforced concrete work, the water for curing, for washing aggregates, and
for mixing shall be free from oil and shall not contain more than 600 ppm of
chlorides as Cl-, nor more than 1'500 ppm of Sulphates as SO4-.
• In reinforced concrete work, the water for curing, for washing aggregates and for
mixing shall be free from oil and shall not contain more than 400 ppm of chlorides
as Cl- nor more than 1'000 ppm of Sulphates as SO4-.
• In pre-stressed concrete works and grout for injection of the cables sheaths, the
tolerated limits shall be reduced to 250 ppm of chlorides as Cl- and 800 ppm of
Sulphates as SO4- .
• In addition to the above requirements, water for curing concrete shall not contain
any impurities in a sufficient amount to cause discoloration of the concrete or to
produce etching of the surface.
3.3.3. Analysis
The quality of the water shall be periodically checked by the Contractor. Chemical analysis
shall be made every three months or whenever requested by the Owner/Engineer.

The water used for concrete manufacturing shall be stored in adequate tanks to avoid any risk
of contamination. In hot weather, the mixing water tank and pipelines shall be efficiently
insulated so as to ensure that the temperature of the water when added to the mix does not
exceed 25° C. The water tank shall be equipped with a thermometer and the water temperature
shall be carefully checked.
3.4. ADMIXTURES AND ADDITIVES

In principle, EN 934-2 will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in

3.4.1. Types and Use
Depending on the nature and/or on the particular conditions of execution of the Works, the
Contractor may be allowed to add, for the manufacture of concrete and concrete products,
approved admixtures and additives, i.e. retarders, workability or waterproofing agents, etc.
The extent, type, method and control of use and the locations and products in which they are
used shall be informed to the Owner/Engineer in each and every case.
The Contractor shall take all necessary measure to avoid any mishandling of admixtures and
additives.
3.4.2. Information and Documents

The Contractor shall furnish the Owner/Engineer with all the relevant information of every
proposed product, with indication of the manufacturer, physical and chemical properties and
composition, manufacturer's recommendations for use, etc.
Only additives of internationally well-known trade-marks shall be utilized.
The mixing of different brands in the same construction is prohibited.
3.4.3. Testing
Testing as described in the Specification for Concrete Preliminary Tests shall be carried out
with the intended proportion of admixture or additive incorporated and then a comparison
made with similar concrete manufactured without the admixture or additive. Results have to
demonstrate that the quality requirements are respected and shall be forwarded to the
Owner/Engineer.
3.5. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

EN 206-1 will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in this European
3.5.1. Concrete Type

The type of concrete to be used for each particular construction or element of construction is
in general specified in the description and drawings.
The majority of the concrete used in the Project will be designed mixes, and is divided into
five types as follows:
Concrete type normally used for :
1. Lean Concrete and Filling concrete.
2. Foundations and minor structure with little or no reinforcement.

3. Structures and special foundations.
4. Pre-stressed concrete (silos), heavily loaded columns, etc.
5. Grouting, shim for equipment or steel structures, where no anti shrinkage is
necessary. For nor shrinkage grouting, see “Other types of concrete and grout”
below.
The Concrete types should comply with the requirements in the following table :
Strength Durability Consistence Aggregates Cement Water Chloride

Concrete Type
content content class

Strength Use Expos Slump Max size Type min. content W/C Cl
class class
[mm] [kg/m3]
1 C12/16 NRC XC2 32 OP 150 0.6 1.0
(or 63) HS
2 C25/30 RC XC2 S2 32 OP 300 0.55 0.2
(XC3)
NRC HS
3 C30/37 RC XC4 S3 22 OP 320 0.5 0.2
(XC3) HS
4 C35/45 RC XC4 S3 22 OP 340 0.5 0.1
PC OP+
5 C35/45 Grout XC4 S3 8 OP 340 0.5 0.2
More details of these requirements are to be found in following paragraphs.
Trial mixes and preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out by the Contractor in order to
determine the composition of each type of concrete, i.e.:
• Cement Concrete
• Grading of aggregates
• W/C ratio (water content)
Trial mixes and preliminary laboratory tests shall be carried out by the Contractor, as
specified hereinafter, to demonstrate that the required minimal nominal crushing strengths and
slump limits are respected.

3.5.2. Class Strength
Minimum required characteristic Strength, as determined by crushing test, according to
EN 206-1
• On 15 cm diameter cylinders by 30 cm height (at 28 days);
• On 15 cm cubes (at 28 days).
The first number following “C” being the Characteristic Compressive Strength on cylinder in
[N/mm2], the second number (following “/”) being the Characteristic Compressive Strength
on cube in [N/mm2].
The compressive strength of concrete will be determined by means of standard test in
accordance with EN 206-1 and prescribed in EN 12390.
3.5.3. Durability
Use :
• NRC: Not reinforced concrete;
• RC: Reinforced concrete;
• PC: Pre-stressed concrete.
Exposure class
• XC4: Corrosion induced by carbonation (cyclic, wet and dry).
The minimal cover will be 40 mm for reinforcing bars and 50 mm for pre-stressing
cables sheets.
• XC2: Corrosion induced by carbonation (high humidity, i.e. with water or
underground concrete).
The minimal cover will be 25 mm for reinforcing bars.
• XC3: Corrosion induced by carbonation (moderate humidity conditions).
The minimal cover will be 35 for reinforcing bars.
3.5.4. Consistency
Consistency measures shall conform to EN 12350.
The consistency represents the workability of the concrete. It shall be tested by the use of
slump test as prescribed in EN 12350-2.
The slump class S3 represents a slump test between 100 mm and 150 mm. It is the maximal
tolerated value and should not be taken as a target value. The slump requirement will be
appropriate for the intended method of placement (i.e. the slump shall be reduced when
placing of concrete is easy, for ex. in large foundations).

For each type of concrete different consistencies may be required on the particular use and the
placing and compaction modalities. Consequently, concrete mix shall be studied by adjusting
the cement and water proportioning in order to obtain a concrete mix of specified nominal
strength and suitable workability.
The use of workability additives is subject to the dispositions mentioned on § 3.4 herein
above.
3.5.5. Grading of the Aggregates

In principle, the aggregates shall be graded according to the following Fuller grading curve :
Grading curve for 8 mm max size

100 100
85
80
74
71
1
% passing (% volume)
60 61
57 2 57
3
42
40 39
36 4
30 30 30
22
26
5
20 21
17
11 14
9
5
5
2
0
0.125
0.25
0.5
Square net screen [mm]

100 100
88
80
76
74
1
62
60 60
2 56
49
3
42
40
34
36 4
32
30 30 30
21
5
20 20
18
12
8 8 8
5 3
2
0
0.125
0.25
0.5
16

100 100
94
89
82
80 78
1 70
68
60
57 2
51
45 3 47
40 39
4
31 30 30 30
28
5
20 19
17 17
8 9
7
5 2 5
2
0
0.125
0.25
0.5
16
22

100 100
89
80 80
77
1
65
62 62
60
53
2
47
3
42
40
37 38
4
29 30 30
28
20
23 5
18
15 14
7 8 8 8
5 2
2
0
0.125
0.25
0.5
16
32

100 100
90
80 80 80
77
1
67
64
60 59
2
49 50
3 46
40 39 38
4
30 30 30 30
26
20
24
5
19
14 15
11
7 7 6
5 2 4
2
0
0.125
0.25
0.5
16
32
63
The Contractor may propose other grading curves, and carry out laboratory tests on the
concrete mix made to verify the suitability of such grading to the actual characteristics of the
on-site available aggregates.

3.5.6. Type and Content of Cement
The type of cement to be used in each type of concrete is specified in the descriptions and
drawings relative to the particular construction or elements of construction.
Type
• OP: Ordinary Portland Cement;
• HS: Sulphate Resistant Cement;
• OP+: Ordinary Portland Cement with additional requirements for pre stressed
concrete.
The following selection rules will apply:
• Ordinary Portland Cement (OP) shall be used for all works which are not in contact
with the ground. For the pre-stressed concrete (like Silos) specials requirements are
to be considered.
• Sulphate Resistant Portland Cement (SR) shall be used for all foundations and
underground construction in contact with the soil.
• Except as otherwise specified, other qualities of cement shall not be used.
• The cement content, as indicated in the preceding table § 3.5.1 is the minimum
authorized for each type of concrete and shall be adapted to meet the requirements.
• The actual dosage to be adopted for each type of concrete is to be determined by
tests in connection with the grading of the aggregates, W/C ratio and type of cement.
• The use of cement is subject to the dispositions mentioned on § 3.1 herein above.
3.5.7. Water content

The W/C ratio to be adopted for each type of concrete is to be determined by tests. These tests
are required to prove that both the specified nominal strength and required consistency of each
type of concrete are actually reached.
The water content shall consider the humidity in the aggregates. It should be adjusted to
particular conditions (e.g. for washed aggregates, during rainy conditions or when water is
used to cool the aggregates, etc.).
3.5.8. Chloride content class

The maximum Chloride ions Cl- content expressed in per cent of the cement mass is defined
by the Chloride content class as per following table :

Chloride Content Class Maximum Cl- content Use of concrete
Cl 1,0 1% Not reinforced concrete
Cl 0,40 0.2% Concrete with reinforcing bars
Cl 0,20 0.1% Concrete with prestressing cables
If there are discrepancies, in principle, EN (Euro codes) will prevail the following description
under this article.
3.5.9. Nominal Strength

The nominal strength fn, which is prescribed for each different designed concrete mix, is the
crushing strength that is as the calculative value for each concrete class. During design the
permissible stress is to be calculated from this nominal strength value. Depending on
calculation method, to obtain this permissible stress, the value of the nominal strength, fn, is
to be divided by the appropriate safety factor, or, if the safety factor is embodied in the design
formula, as is the case when applying the current design practices, the nominal strength value
is to be considered as reference value.
3.5.10. Characteristic Strength

The characteristic strength of concrete, fcu, is defined as the crushing strength of concrete
cubes of 20 cm at 28 days, the characteristic strength is that value of which not more than
one-twentieth of the test results fall.
If we dispose of a series of test results, and assuming that the distribution of these results
about the mean strength value fm follows a normal (i.e. Gaussian) form, the characteristic
crushing strength fcu will be expressed in terms of the standard deviation S by the relationship
:
. fcu = fm - 1,64.S
This characteristic strength fcu is, for each class of concrete, the quality criteria of the
manufactured product. For a class of concrete of nominal strength fn, the condition on which
this quality is considered to be attained, will be expressed by the following relationship :
. fcu = fm – 1.64S ≥ fn,
hence,
. fm ≥ fn + 1.64S = fn + DS
Consequently, to achieve the required nominal strength fn, it is necessary to set out to achieve
a "target mean strength", fm, that exceeds the fn value by the "current margin", DS, such as :
. DS = 1.64S

It is to be noted that the characteristic strength fcu and the current margin DS, as they have
been herein above defined, are based on statistic criteria resulting from a series of tests
performed during a certain fabrication period.
However, these criteria cannot be established prior to having available a sufficient number of
tests results, collected during a sufficient period of time to justify the statistical representation
of the fabrication quality deviations, which is determined by means of the standard deviation
"S".
Until sufficient data have been accumulated to use these criteria, the current margins of S are
to be used instead as herein above calculated, and shall be as prescribed in § 3.5.8 hereinafter.
3.5.11. Current Margin
At the first stage of the concreting works, or when a mix is used for the first time before
sufficient test cube results have been collected to determine the actual standard deviation of
each particular mix, the current margin to be adopted for control of strength purposes shall be
taken to be one-fifth of the specified nominal strength of the mix, i.e. :
. DS = fn/5
After test cubes have been obtained from at least 40 separate batches of this concrete mix over
a period exceeding 10 concreting days, the provisions of the foregoing § 3.5.7 are to be
applied.
Irrespective of these dispositions, a change in the current margin may be decided by the
Owner/Engineer at any time, when the results of a sufficient large number of tests show that
the previously established value is significantly too large or too small. For this purpose, the
standard deviation shall be calculated for each mix being used in the Works from the cube test
results from the previous month, in addition to the cube test results from the commencement
of the Works.
3.6. CONCRETE MANUFACTURE

3.6.1. Batching and Mixing Plant
All cement and aggregates shall be measured by weight in batching machines of an approved
type and equipped with automatic devices to control the quantity of water and eventual
admixtures. The accuracy of the proportioning devices shall be such that successive quantities
can be measured to within ± 2 % for aggregates and ± 1 % for cement, water and admixtures.
These devices shall be calibrated once a week.
The concrete shall be mixed at the Batching Plant for at least 1 min. 30 sec. after all materials
have been deposited in the drum provided the transport is made by a concrete truck mixer. In
all other cases, this time shall be not less than 2 min.

The mixer shall be completely emptied before recharging. It shall be thoroughly washed out
with clean water at the commencement and termination of each working period (or at such
other times that mixing has ceased for a period greater than 45 minutes), and shall be kept free
from hardened concrete.
No different types of cement shall be mixed in the mixer. Mechanical mixers, staging, skips,
chutes, etc., which have been used (for a type of concrete), shall be thoroughly cleaned and
washed before being used for concrete containing another type of cement.
Mixing shall not commence until the work is ready to receive the concrete. In the event of an
unavoidable stoppage after mixing has begun, any concrete in which the initial set has
occurred before being placed and worked into position, shall be rejected and immediately
removed from the Works.
3.6.2. Precautions During Inclement Weather

During windy weather, proper protection shall be provided to prevent the cement from being
blown away during the process of apportioning and mixing.
During wet weather, adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the cement and to ensure
proper mixing.
The moisture content of the aggregates shall be determined and the batch weight
corresponding to dry aggregates increased by weight due to the water content. The weight of
water to be added to the mix shall be reduced by an amount equal to that contained in the
aggregates.
In hot weather, adequate means shall be provided to shield the aggregate stockpiles from the
direct rays of the sun and/or to cool the aggregates by spraying with water and to insulate the
mixing water tank and pipelines so as to ensure that the temperature of the concrete when
deposited shall not exceed 30° C. For sliding operations these temperature should be limited
to 25° C.
In cold weather, means shall be provided to ensure that the temperature of the concrete when
deposited not fall under 10° C. For sliding operations these temperature should be limited to
15° C.
3.6.3. Hand Mixing

Where concrete is mixed by hand (small quantity applications only), the fine aggregate and
the cement shall be thoroughly mixed first, and the coarse aggregate added. Mixing in the dry
shall be carried out at least twice, water then added, and the concrete again thoroughly mixed.

3.7. TRIAL MIXES AND PRELIMINARY TESTS
3.7.1. Trial Mixes
At least 2 months before commencing to place concrete of a particular class in the Works, the
Contractor shall make trial mixes of that class, using aggregates and cement typical of those to
be used, to determine what composition it should have in order to ensure that, with the
intended material proportions and the intended consistence, it can be reliably placed and
worked under the actual conditions of the works site, and that it will attain the required
nominal strength and workability.
The final cement content and water/cement ratio to be adopted for each class of concrete shall
then be fixed at this occasion.
3.7.2. Preliminary Tests

For each class of concrete to be used in the Works, at least 3 trial mixes shall be prepared, i.e.
3 different batches.
For each batch, a set of 9 cylinders (or cubes) shall be made. A series of 3 cylinders (or cubes)
shall be tested at 3, 7 and 28 days respectively.
From these tests, the relationship between the 3, 7 and 28 days strength shall be established.
This will facilitate the subsequent control of concrete quality by providing the mean to
estimate the 28 day strength, from the results obtained at an earlier age.
Slump tests shall also be made on concrete samples of each trial mix.
Preliminary tests shall be repeated if there has been a significant change in either the materials
from which the concrete is made, or in the site conditions under which the preliminary tests
were initially performed.
3.7.3. Acceptance of Mixes

The trial composition mixes will be done under the following conditions:
The average strength of the 9 cylinders (or cubes) tested at 28 days shall exceed the specified
nominal strength by :
• 6 N/mm2 for concrete type I.
• 10 N/mm2 for concrete types II, III and IV.
The strength of each cylinders (or cubes) test shall at least reach the specified nominal
strength.
The slump test shall be within the specified consistency limits.

3.7.4. Adjustments to Mix Proportions
During production, adjustment of mix proportions will be made in order to minimize the
variability of strength and to approach more closely the target mean strength. Such
adjustments are regarded as part of the proper control of production, but the specified limits of
minimum cement content and maximum water/cement ratio shall be maintained.
3.7.5. Changes in Size of Cube Test

When cylinders or cube of other size are used, the compressive strength ratio (usually 1.2 for
cylinders with respect to the 20 cm cube) shall be verified separately for concrete of each
composition, strength and age in the preliminary tests. This shall be done for at least 6
specimens of each type of specimen.
3.8. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

3.8.1. Purpose and Type of Tests
The purpose of the quality control tests (or routine works tests) is to establish that concrete
made for use on the works attains the required properties, i.e. cement content, water/cement
ratio, consistency and compressive strength.
Tests shall be carried out at the prescribed intervals, but in all doubtful cases the Contractor
shall, irrespective of the scope of testing laid down in this Specification, satisfy himself of the
adequate quality of the concrete by testing, and execute any additional tests as may be ordered
by the Engineer.
3.8.2. Cement Content, Water/Cement Ratio and Consistency

For all classes of concrete, the cement content per m3 of compacted concrete and the
water/cement ratio shall be checked at the time of the first placing and, thereafter, every time
the specimens for resistance test on cubes are made.
The cement content shall be no less than the value established during preliminary test and at
the same time, the w/c ratio shall not exceed by more than 5 % the value established during
these same tests.
The consistency of the fresh concrete shall be constantly supervised by visual inspection
during concreting.
Slump tests shall be performed at the time of the first placing and samples of concrete taken
every time the specimens for resistance tests on cubes are made.

3.8.3. Compressive Strength Tests
In principle, for concrete used in RC constructions, compressive crushing tests shall be made
at 7 and 28 days on samples taken at random from 3 different batches, at approximately equal
intervals throughout the concreting time.
Samples shall, where practicable, be taken at point of discharge at the work site. From each
concrete sample a set of 2 cubes shall be made, one to be tested at 7 days and the other at 28
days respectively. A third cube (or more) of each concrete sample may be required, so as to
complete the range of ages to 3 days or any other age as decided by the Owner/Engineer.
The rate of sampling will be decided by the Owner/Engineer taking into account the nature of
each particular work and the conditions of its execution.
In general, a series of 3 cubes (of each age class) shall be made for :
• Every 500 m3 (or less) of concrete placed on each different construction;
• Each story in multi-story buildings;
• Every 3 working days on which concreting is carried out.
In addition, whichever of the above requires the largest number of test series.
3.8.4. Strength Requirements

The strength requirements are to be regarded as being fulfilled if :
• The average compressive strength at 28 days of each series, each comprising 3
cubes, fm (28), exceeds by at least the prescribed current margin DS, its
corresponding nominal strength value fn, i.e. :
fm (28) ≥ fn + DS
• The compressive strength of each individual cube, fi, attains at least the value of its
corresponding nominal strength fn, i.e. :
fi (28) ≥ fn
It is to be mentioned that although the dispositions of the various Standards and Codes of
Practice relative to the a.m. criteria of compliance are practically equivalent to these, there are
nevertheless some difference as far as the particular modalities of application and the allowed
tolerances to these prescriptions are concerned.
Consequently, once the final selection of the Standards and Codes to be followed has been
made, the particularities of application and the eventual tolerances will be decided.
For the purpose of this Contract, the above requirements will be compulsory.

3.8.5. Hardened Concrete Tests
In special cases, e.g. if no compressive strength test results are available or if the results were
inadequate or if there is some other reason for seriously doubting the strength of the concrete
in the structure, the Owner/Engineer may instruct to make alternative determination of the
compressive strength of the concrete. This can be accomplished by having specimens taken
from the structure or by non-destructive testing performed on the completed component, or by
both methods. In connection with such tests, the age and the conditions of hardening
(temperature, humidity) of the concrete in the structure should be taken into account.
3.9. OTHER TYPES OF CONCRETE AND GROUT

3.9.1. Lean Concrete
Lean concrete shall consist of Type 1 Concrete.
For blinding concrete and non-load bearing mass concrete, no requirements for strength and
for testing are prescribed. For blinding concrete in contact with ground water SR cement is to
be used, if required.
3.9.2. Cyclopean Concrete

Cyclopean concrete shall consist of Type 2 Concrete (with SR cement, if required) mixed with
plumps.
Plumps shall consist of broken stone spalls or boulders ranging in size from 30 cm down to
10 cm. Plumps shall be free from sharp or angular edges and shall be soaked in water prior to
incorporation into concrete.
Plumps shall comprise a maximum of 50% to the total volume of cyclopean concrete in
position and they shall be evenly placed in the concrete. Plumps shall have a minimum of 7
cm of concrete cover around them.
This type of concrete may only be used as mass concrete for filling and other particular works.
3.9.3. Granolithic Concrete

Granolithic concrete shall be a design mix of Characteristic Compressive Strength (at 28 days)
not less than 20 N/mm2.
Minimum cement content shall be 250 kg/m3, and maximum size of aggregates shall be
16 mm. The slump of the mix shall be limited to 60 mm.
Manufacturing and testing of granolithic concrete shall comply with the above § 3.6 and 3.7
respectively.

3.9.4. Lightweight Concrete
In principle specific provisions of EN 206-1 regarding Lightweight concrete, will prevail the
description under this article. If the relative European Code is not available, the present
description is to be respected unless otherwise specified.
Lightweight concrete shall be composed of pumice aggregate exfoliated vermiculite, from
10 mm gauge downward, used in the proportion of 1 part cement to 6-8 parts vermiculate by
volume.
Class Strength
The Strength class is slightly different. The Characteristic Strength on cylinders is the same
but Characteristic Strength on cubes is smaller (see EN206-1 – table 8).
Mass Class
The Mass Class has to be specified according to (EN 206-1 – table 9).
Aggregates
For lightweight aggregates (i.e. which mass is smaller than 2000 kg/m3) EN 13055 applies.
Mix design
Mix design for lightweight concrete should be specified for the particular use.
3.9.5. Cement Grout

Cement grout shall consist of 1 part cement to 1.25 parts of sand by volume. It shall be mixed
as thickly as possible, consistent with fluidity (this is not applicable to machinery grouting,
which shall be non shrinking machinery grout Sika or equivalent).
The minimum Characteristic Compressive Strength 20 N/mm2 at 7 days and 30 N/mm2 at
28 days.
Cement grout shall exhibit a linear shrinkage of not more than 0.01 %.
Cement grout shall be used within one hour of mixing.
Special types of grout compounds are subjected to be prepared and used in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions. The manufacturer's test certificates and samples of these
products shall be submitted to the Owner/Engineer. A Confirmatory test may be requested by
the Owner/Engineer.
3.9.6. Mortar for concrete repairs

When special mortar is necessary for the repair of concrete, trials on site will be organized
with manufacturer of the product in order to apply the best product according to the Work to
be done and the local conditions.

All products and procedures to repair the concrete are subject to the Owner/Engineer’s
approval and shall be prepared and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
The manufacturer’s test certificates and samples of these products shall be submitted to the
Owner/Engineer. A confirmatory test may be requested by the Owner/Engineer.
3.9.7. Other products for repair and/or for sealing

When other products are necessary for the concrete, these products are subject to the approval
of the Owner/Engineer and shall be prepared and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. The manufacturer’s test certificates and/or samples of these products as well as in
situ tests could be requested by the Owner/Engineer.

4. SHUTTERING
4.1. SCAFFOLDING
4.1.1. Types of Materials for Scaffolding
Scaffolding for main concrete works shall be of tubular steel construction. It shall include all
suitable devices, such as base plates, adjustable heads, connections, bracing, etc., for safe and
accurate execution and use. It shall also include suitable access platforms, walkways; ladder,
temporary stairs, etc. fully equipped with handrails and suitable protection against falling
objects.
All the above elements shall comply in all respects with the Governing Standards.
The European Standards for Scaffoldings, Falsework and materials are EN 12810-1;
EN 12810-2; EN 12811-1 to EN 12811-3, EN 12812, EN 39 and EN 74-1 to EN 74-3. Related
standards may also apply.
For secondary works, timber scaffolding can be used in respect to Governing Standards
4.2. FORMWORK
4.2.1. Materials for Formwork
Formwork shall be made of material complying with the following requirements:
Rough formwork shall be made from any suitable material, i.e. timber, plywood, metal or
plastic sheets, etc., closely jointed in order to prevent the loss of grout and to produce a plain
concrete surface.
Saw formwork shall be made from good quality timber, not less than 30 mm in thickness.
The inner board faces shall be reasonably smooth and free from irregularities, with joints that
are sufficiently tight to prevent leakage.
Wrought formwork shall be of timber boarding, wrought faced or timber framing, lined with
resin-bonded plywood, hardboard, metal or fiberglass reinforced plastic, with carefully fitted
tight joints, leaving a fair face finish to the concrete.
Smooth surface formworks shall have a smooth surface (large sizes hard boards or metal
formworks); the joints between panels must be closely jointed and watertight; no deformation
of the formwork larger than 1:1000 will be accepted during concreting.
4.2.2. Types of Formwork
The type of formwork shall be adapted to the particular requirements of each construction or
element of construction, i.e. suitable concrete face aspect, finish concrete faces requirements
for further works on it (plastering, painting, etc.), or construction method.
According to the situation and requirement the choice of the type of formwork shall be made
by the Contractor as follows :

Type 1: Rough Formwork
This finish is suitable for non-exposed surfaces: foundations, faces against which backfill will
be placed or otherwise hidden.
Quality of materials to be used may be as above specified for rough formwork.
Neither the surface aspect nor the position of the joints in the formwork is important.
The formwork must be grout tight.
Type 2: Fair faced finish
This finish is suitable for internally exposed surfaces of equipment supports, walls, columns,
beams and slabs of industrial buildings, or for surfaces to be plastered.
Quality of materials to be used shall comply with the Specifications for saw formwork.
The surface of the concrete shall be smooth and flat. No honeycomb shall be accepted.
The joints shall be arranged regularly and be subject to the Engineer's approval.
Type 3: Superior finish
This finish is suitable for externally exposed surfaces and internal surfaces of administration
and auxiliary buildings which will be permanently exposed or are to be painted.
Quality of materials to be used shall comply with the Specification for wrought formwork
when surface are to be painted or plaster and with the Specification for smooth surface
formwork when permanently exposed.
The surface of concrete shall be perfectly smooth and flat and shall show no sign of joints in
the formwork.
Type 4: Sliding formwork
The slipping form shall consist of a steel framing, lined with steel sheets, or plywood coated
with a plastic film, to prevent the abrasion of the face in contact with concrete and the
bonding of the concrete to the same face. The slipping forms, including the working platform,
shall be specially designed and constructed to suit the particular works for which it is
intended. It must be sufficiently rigid and resistant to withstand all forces and loads occurring
during its use without distortion.
All lifting equipment, such as hydraulic pumps and jacks, lines, connections, supports, etc.
shall be of an efficient and approved type. Equipment shall include an optical system for
plumb control.
For all materials, equipment and procedures for sliding formwork a method statement shall be
presented by the Contractor to the Owner/Engineer.

5. REINFORCEMENT
5.1. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
In principle, EN 10080 will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in
In general, reinforcement bars available in the local market (KSA) shall be utilized provided
that it satisfies the requirements of this specifications.
5.1.1. Properties
The type of steel reinforcement to be used for each construction is in general specified in the
relative execution drawings.
The behaviour of reinforcing steel is specified by the following properties:
• Grade or yield strength fyk or f0,2k
• Maximum actual yield strength fy,max
• Tensile strength ft
• Ductility εuk and ft/fyk
• Bendability.
• Bond characteristics.
• Section sizes and tolerances.
• Fatigue strength .
• Weldability.
• Shear and weld strength for welded fabric and lattice griders.
5.1.2. Strength (Grade) and Ductility Class
Grade, denoting the specified characteristic yield stress (fyk) in N/mm2 shall be between 400
and 600 N/mm2.
Only one grade shall be used for the reinforcing bars, in full accordance to the specified value
used for the design.
Another grade could be used for Wire fabrics, provided that they are correctly identified and
in conformity to the specified value used for the design.
The steel used for reinforcement bars shall preferably be B500 (i.e. min fyk = 500 N/mm2) and
be provided with CE Certificate of conformity to EN 10080.
Ductility Class, indicates the ductility characteristics. Three classes of ductility are defined:
high A, B and C. This class of ductility defines the minimum elongation ε uk and the

minimum ratio of the characteristic tensile strength ftk to the specified characteristic yield
stress (fyk), as per table below:
Class Minimum elongation εin Minimum (ft/fy)k

A ≥ 2.5% ≥ 1.05
B ≥ 5% ≥ 1.08
C ≥ 7.5% ≥ 1.15
< 1,35
5.1.3. Size and surface characteristics

Size
Usual available bars have a nominal diameter of 6 / 8 / 10 / 12 / 14 / 16 / 20 / 25 / 28 / 32 or
40 mm.
In case of welded fabric, the designation shall include the necessary information about the
wire sizes and the geometry (dimensions, pitch, overhang, etc.) of the sheet.
Surface characteristics (bond properties).
Two shapes are defined: Ribbed bars (resulting in high bond action) and Plain, smooth bars
(resulting in low bond action).
The value of the projected rib factor fR shall be indicated and conform to following table to
ensure bond performance:
Nominal diameter fR min

5 to 6 mm 0.035
6.5 mm to 12 mm 0.040
more than 12 mm 0.056
If these values are not respected, the bars shall be treated as plain bars, with no bond
performance.
The surface characteristics or ribbed bars shall be such to ensure adequate bond with the
concrete. See the relevant details in EN 10080.

5.1.4. Other characteristics
Other characteristics shall comply with EN 10080, and relevant design standard (such as EN
1992-1) unless otherwise specified.
5.1.5. Types of reinforcement

All steel reinforcement used in the works shall be of one of the following types :
Type 1 - Plain mild steel bars
This type of bars can only be used for secondary reinforcements which do not contribute to
the mechanical resistance of the concrete element. The maximal size is limited to 10 mm if
they have to be bent and unbent.
Only one grade shall be used for the same construction.
There is no bond requirement.
Type 2 - High adherence steel bars
High adherence steel bars shall consist of ribbed steel or indented steel with bond
performance. For general use ductility class B shall be used.
Type 3 - Welded steel fabric
Welded steel fabrics are made by longitudinal and transverse bars, rods or wires with bond
performance and suitable shear and weld strength.
Standard and Purpose made fabrics shall be manufactured from wire of the same steel in each
direction.
All fabric shall be factory made and machine welded at all points of intersection.
5.1.6. Alternative Steels
The Owner/Engineer will consider the proposal for the use of similar steels manufactured
which comply with Local Standards other than those specified above or other types whose
performance characteristics may be considered equally acceptable. This must be based on
Contractor equivalency tables and corresponding proof of equivalency through testing by the
Contractor and submitted to the Owner/Engineer.
5.1.7. Information and Certificates
Before delivery to site, the Contractor shall obtain from the supplier and submit to the
Owner/Engineer copies of the manufacturer's certificates of the manufacturing process and
test certificates which give the results of mechanical tests and include method specifications.
5.1.8. Testing
Notwithstanding the receipt of the tests and certificates required, if required by the
Owner/Engineer, specimens sufficient for three tensile tests and three cold bend tests per ten

tons of bars and for each different size of bar shall be sampled and tested by the Contractor.
Batches shall be rejected if the average results for each batch are not in accordance with the
Specifications.
5.1.9. Storage
Sufficient quantities of steel reinforcement bars shall be stored on the site to ensure that
satisfactory progress is maintained on the works, and no shortage of any quality or size will
occur.
All bars for reinforcement and steel fabric reinforcement shall be stored on the site on timber
or concrete supports, suitably spaced and of sufficient height to keep the steel at least 15 cm
from the ground.
5.1.10. Use
Reinforcement steel shall be free from loose rust, mill scale, grease or oil, dirt or other
deleterious matter.
Reinforcement steel shall not be heated in preparation for making up.
5.2. PRE-STRESSING COMPONENTS

In principle, EN standards will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details
in this European Code are not available, the present description is to be respected unless
5.2.1. Pre-stressing Steel

Types and Qualities of Material
The type and characteristics of the pre-stressing cables, such as : length, nominal tension, etc.
are specified in the construction drawings.
The requirements for the properties of the pre-stressing tendons shall be conform to EN 10138
or given in an appropriate European Technical Approval and submitted to the
Owner/Engineer.
Pre-stressing tendons shall have an acceptably low level of susceptibility to stress corrosion.
Each product shall be clearly identifiable with respect to the classification system, according
to:
• Strength, denoting the value of the 0.1% proof stress (fp1,0k)and the value of the
ration of tensile strength to proof strength (fpk/fp0,1k).
• Class, indicating relaxation behaviour.
• Size.

• Surface characteristics.
Each consignment shall be accompanied by a certificate containing all information for its
identification (see above) and additional information where necessary.
5.2.2. Pre-stressing Devices

The sheaths, anchorages and tensioning devices shall be of first standard quality and approved
model.
Requirements for the use of pre-stressing devices shall be defined in a separate technical
approval documents and submitted to the Owner/Engineer.
Ducts and Sheaths
The sheaths shall be internally coated with an antifriction varnish.
For bonded tendons, the shape (profile) shall permit the proper transfer of the forces from the
tendons to the concrete.
Anchorage and Couplers
The anchorage system comprises the anchorage itself and the arrangement of tendons and
reinforcement designed to act with the anchorage. The form of anchorage system shall
facilitate the even distribution of stress in the concrete at the end of the member and shall be
capable of maintaining the pre-stressing force under sustained and fluctuating load and under
the effect of shock.
Split-wedge and barrel-type anchors shall be of such material and construction that, under the
loads imposed during the tensioning operation, the strain in the barrel does not allow such
movement of the wedges that the wedges reach the limit of their travel before causing
sufficient lateral force to grip the tendon, or that before the limit of travel the wedges cause an
excessive force in the tendon.

The Contractor shall submit to the Owner/Engineer a proposal of pre-stressing components
with all relevant information concerning the quality and type of materials and devices. Copies
of manufacturing certificates of the process of manufacture of the steel wire for tendons and
tests certificates giving the results of mechanical tests including method specifications.
5.2.4. Testing
Testing is not generally required for material accompanied with an authorized certificate for
the Standards.
5.2.5. Storage
All pre-stressing materials shall be delivered to the Site sufficiently in advance of the works to
enable their preparation.

Wire and strand shall be supplied in coils of sufficient diameter to ensure that no permanent
distortion is caused.
Pre-stressing components shall be transported and stored in fully protected conditions, with
the humidity controlled so as not to exceed 70 %. They shall be clean and free from loose rust
and loose mill scale at the time of positioning and subsequent concreting. Rusting of the steel
will not be acceptable.
The products shall be free from defects (like longitudinal cracks) which could impair their
performance as pre-stressing tendons.

6. BUILDING MATERIALS
6.1. MORTAR
6.1.1. Materials for Mortar
Unless otherwise specified, Ordinary Portland Cement shall be used for the fabrication of
mortar. Cement shall comply with § 3.1 of this Specification.
Sand for mortar shall be either natural or crushed stone material, grading 0.45 mm, and shall
comply with the requirements for fine aggregates as prescribed in § 3.2 of this Specification.
Water used for the mortar shall comply with § 3.3 of this Specification.
Lime for mortar shall be non hydraulic hydrated lime in the form of fine and dry process.
Lime shall be stored in covered areas under dry conditions and on platforms raised from the
ground.
6.1.2. Cement Mortar
Cement mortar shall be composed of the following:
• 1 part OP cement
• 3 parts sand, grading 0-4 mm
6.1.3. Cement Lime Mortar
Gauged mortar shall be composed of the following:
• 1 part OP cement
• 1 part lime
• 6 parts sand, grading 0-4 mm
6.1.4. Mixing
The ingredients for the mortar shall be measured in properly constructed boxes and shall be
mixing performed on a clean boarded platform or in approved batch mechanical mixer.
All mortar shall be mixed on the site, and shall be used within one hour of mixing.
6.2. HOLLOW BLOCKS
6.2.1. Types, Shape and Sizes
Hollow concrete blocks shall be of the best local make. They shall be hard, sound, square and
clean with well defined arises.
Unless otherwise approved, the standard sizes to be used shall be:
• 40 cm long, 20 cm high and
• 10 cm / 15 cm / 20 cm wide.

The shell thickness of the blocks shall be at least 35 mm and the hollow shall be limited to
50 % of the gross volume of the block. The tolerance of dimension shall be ± 3 mm.
Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, all blocks shall have keyed faces to receive
render.
The types of block to be used shall conform to the following :
• Hollow concrete blocks for use internally shall be composed of Ordinary Portland
Cement and clean screened aggregate mixed in such proportions and cured to
conform to the requirements of governing standards. They are not to be of the non-
load bearing variety.
• Lightweight aggregate hollow concrete blocks shall be used for all external walls
above ground level and shall comply with the above.
The Contractor is to allow for all special blocks to form closures, reveals or angles as required
to ensure adequate bonding of the blockwork without cutting standard blocks.
The Contractor shall submit samples of the proposed types to the Owner/engineer before
delivering it to the Site. All blocks shall be equal in all respects to the approved.
6.2.2. Proprieties and Tests
Hollow concrete blocks shall conform to the following :
• Density not more than 1000 kg/m3;
• Water used for block making shall be potable water;
• Minimum compressive strength at 28 days is 25 kg/cm2, considering the whole base
area of the block for the calculation of its strength;
• Water absorption not more than 20 % of the dry weight.
The compliance with these Specifications shall be proved by test, carried out by the
Contractor whenever required by the Owner/Engineer.
6.2.3. Transport, Storage and Use
The blocks shall be transported and stored on pallets. They shall be duly protected against dirt,
dust and any other damage.
Before use, the blocks shall be inspected. Incomplete, misshapen or defective blocks shall be
rejected.
6.3. MATERIALS FOR PLASTER
6.3.1. Cement, Sand, Water and Lime
Similar to § 6.1 of this Specification.

6.3.2. Gypsum
Gypsum shall be retarded semi-hydrate gypsum plaster.
Gypsum shall be delivered in sealed bags and stored in covered areas under dry conditions
and on platforms raised from the ground.
Gypsum must not be used in plastering of outside concrete structures.
6.4. MATERIALS FOR GRANOLITIC CONCRETE

6.4.1. Cement, Aggregates and Water
As per § 3.1, § 3.2 and § 3.3 of this Specification.
Maximum size of aggregates shall be 15 mm.
6.4.2. Mixing
The granolithic concrete shall be a design mix with a maximum size of aggregates of 15 mm
and a minimum compressive strength of 200 kg/cm2 at 28 days.
The ingredients shall be thoroughly mixed by mechanical means and in the designed
proportion; proportioning being done on a weight basis. The workability shall be suitable for
laying and compaction of the concrete. The slump of the mix shall be limited to 60 mm.
6.5. TILES FOR FLOORS

6.5.1. Cement Tiles
Cement tiles shall be locally produced tiles from an approved manufacturer. The size will be
either 60x60 cm or 30x30x5 cm, with smooth faces, regular shape, free from defects and
uniform in colour.
6.5.2. Ceramic Tiles
Ceramic tiles for flooring shall have a matt finish and be of a colour selected by the Owner
(upon request). These shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer.
6.5.3. Marble Tiles
Marble tiles shall be 25 mm thick, cut from marble, free from defects with a smooth matt
surface as selected by the Owner, and laid to pattern.
6.5.4. Terrazzo Tiles
Terrazzo tiles shall be from an approved manufacturer, size 30x30x3 cm with smooth matt
faces, free from defects and conform in colour and pattern to a sample chosen by the Owner
(upon request) for use in the works. Exposed edges at landings and stair treads shall be of a
matt finish.

6.5.5. Roofing Tiles
The roofing tiles shall be approximately 500x500x50 mm in size and be of lightweight
concrete of approximately 1500 kg/cu.m. dry density using vermiculite or other similar
approved material and method.
6.6. TILES FOR WALLS

6.6.1. Glazed Ceramic Tiles
Glazed ceramic tiles shall be 6 mm thick, with cushioned edges and spaces lugs. Size and
colour shall be as chosen by the Owner from the samples provided.
Rounded edge tiles shall be provided for exposed edges and angles.

7. STRUCTURAL STEEL AND CLADDING
In principle, EN will prevail the description under this article. If the relative details in this
European Code are not available, the present description is to be respected unless otherwise
specified.
7.1. STRUCTURAL STEEL
7.1.1. Type and Qualities of Construction Steel
The type of steel to be used for each particular construction or element of construction is in
general specified in the description and Drawings.
The steel quality class and grade to be used for steelworks shall conform to the requirements
of the Specifications and Standards governing the Structural Design and Construction. In
Europe these standard are (among other): EN 10027-1 for the designation of steel products
and EN 10025-1 to EN 10025-6 for the Technical delivery conditions.
In general, qualities of steel for plates, bars and sections shall be S235JR, S275JR or S355JR,
according to EN 10025-2.
Plates used for silos construction and for stack or other inaccessible equipments may also be
of weathering steel, qualities S235J0W or S355J0W, meeting the requirements of EN 10025-
5.
For elements subject to frequent load cycle (rails of cranes and other equipment) the quality
shall be S235J0, S275J0 or S355J0. (And be of carbon of medium manganese grade).
The whole of the steel used in the structural steelworks shall be of weldable quality.
7.1.2. Sections
All sections used for structural members shall conform to the requirements of the
Specifications and Standards governing the Structural Design and Construction.
All Structural steel members shall preferably be of a standard rolled steel profile (unless if it is
foreseen in the calculations and specifically mentioned in the executions drawings) and shall
strictly conform to the type mentioned in the calculations and the drawings.
7.1.3. Bolts
In principle, EN ISO 8992 will prevail the description under this article. This standard gives
also the related standards to follow for fasteners which are to be respected unless otherwise
specified.
The type of bolts to be used for each particular construction or element of construction is in
general specified in the description and Drawings.
The bolts property class to be used for steelworks shall conform to the requirements of EN
ISO 898-1 and EN 898-2 for the nuts.

The property class symbol consists of two figures. The first figure indicates 1/100 of the
nominal tensile strength in N/mm2, the second figure indicates 10 times the ratio between
lower yield stress and nominal tensile strength (yield stress ratio).
We recommend using only two qualities of bolts:
• Normal bolts,
• High strength friction grip (HSFG) blots.
Unless the current habits or delivery conditions in the country are different the following
property class shall be utilized :
• 4.6 for Normal bolts
i.e. nominal tensile strength: 400 N/mm2 and lower yield stress: 240 N/mm2.
• 10.9 for high strength friction grip (HSFG) blots
i.e. nominal tensile strength: 1000 N/mm2 and lower yield stress: 900 N/mm2.
Bolts quality shall conform to High strength friction grip (HSFG) bolts, nuts and washers
shall conform to the relevant standards (EN 14339-1 to 6).
HSFG bolts and nuts shall be hot-dip galvanized by the manufacturer. Washers shall be
galvanized or shearadized. Load indicating washers shall be shearadized.
Normal bolts shall also be hot dip galvanized. Black bolts shall not be used for permanent
connections.
7.1.4. Welding material
Electrodes shall be suitable for the type of the weld, the duties imposed on the weld and the
properties of base metal.
Upon request of the Owner/Engineer, the Contractor shall submit the name of the proposed
makers or suppliers together with the Specification of the Materials and certified copies of
mill test reports covering the chemical and physical proprieties of the steel according to
Relevant Standards.
7.1.6. Testing
Additional tests are not generally required for materials accompanied with such certificates.
If such certificates are not satisfactory, the Owner/Engineer may request testing in accordance
with related Standards.

7.2. CHEQUERED PLATES
Alternative solution is possible and to be agreed upon the Contractor’s proposal before the
signature of the contract.
7.2.1. Type and Qualities of Steel
All steel platforms shall be covered with hot galvanized steel chequered plates. The minimum
thickness of the chequered plates will be 5/7 mm.
7.2.2. Fixing
All checker plates will be fixed by countersunk self-tapering screws. It means that the
chequered plates should be drilled with countersunk holes before being galvanized.
7.3. CLADDING
7.3.1. Types and Qualities of Materials
Material for roofing and wall cladding of steel structures shall be galvanized profile sheets of
approved make. The minimum steel thickness shall be 0.8 mm for roofs and 0.6 mm for walls.
Flashing and ridge pieces shall be of the same material as the sheets, of 0.6 mm minimum
thickness, and of adequate gauge to resist the specified wind loading. Flashing shall be to the
girth and profiles as indicated on the approved detail drawings.
Galvanized coating for all steel sheets shall be not less than 280 g/m2.
Coloured polyester resin coat shall be abrasion and chemical attack resistant.
Thermal insulation shall comply with the requirements of Specification for Design Criteria.
All closers shall be of moulded polythene. Adhesive for closer shall be of type recommended
by the sheets manufacturer.
Fixings shall be galvanized steel hook bolts. Screws shall be completed with steel and
neoprene washers and the bolts head shall be covered by suitable PVC caps.
Translucent sheets to be used in walls for natural lighting purposes, and shall be of polyester
or glass fibre sheet of approved make. The profile of the translucent sheets shall have to match
with the profile of the steel sheets.
7.3.2. Testing and Certificates
Manufacturer's tests and quality certificates of the proposed materials and fittings shall be
submitted by the Contractor as indicated in the above §7.3.1.

7.4. GRATING
All gratings floors shall be provided according to DIN 24537. All grating steps shall be
supplied with anti-slip nosing, and according to DIN 24531.
Only one type of mesh width shall be used for the complete execution of the work, preferably
30 mm x 30 mm. The height of the bars shall also be constant (preferably 30 mm). The
thickness may differ in case of heavy loads or longer span.
The steel quality shall conform to EN 10025.
All gratings (floors and steps) shall be galvanized according to EN ISO 1461.
Toe plates (min. 100 mm height) shall be supplied with the grating when the gap between the
platform and adjoining structure is greater than 30 mm.
7.5. METAL DOORS AND WINDOWS

7.5.1. Types and Qualities
Metal doors and windows shall generally be of standardized models of type. Samples of each
type shall be submitted for approval by the Owner/Engineer.
This shall include the supply of steel and aluminium doors and windows and the supply of
special items such as sliding folding doors, rolling shutters etc.
For all proposed material, the manufacturer's catalogues and shop drawings showing the
dimensions, details of fabrication, details of installation and details of fixing the hardware
accessories shall be submitted for prior approval before ordering the material.
7.5.2. Steel Doors and Windows
Frames for steel doors and windows shall be of pressed steel sheet of a minimum thickness of
1.5 mm. Frames shall be provided with complete sets of hinges, rubber bumpers and
adjustable anchors for fixing. The frames shall be provided with temporary steel bracing until
it is secured and fitted.
Steel doors shall be of hollow metal flush type. Steel sheets for the doors shall be cold rolled
sheets of the best quality.
Fabrication of doors and windows shall be done to accurate dimensions.
The rolled sections for doors and windows shall be standard sections. The corners shall be
accurately mitered, jointed and fitted to produce flush points. All weldings at exposed faces
shall be machined to a smooth and level surface.
Doors and windows shall be mortised and reinforced for fitting hardware fixtures. All steel
doors and windows shall be given protective painting.

Glazing shall be in accordance with relevant General Technical Specification and local
standards.
7.5.3. Aluminium Doors and Windows
Aluminium doors and windows shall be of aluminium alloy containing either Magnesium or
Silicon as a constituent. Aluminium surfaces shall be treated to provide a chemical or
mechanical satin finish and shall be treated to provide a clear anodic coating of 25 µ average
thickness. The satin finish shall be natural aluminium in color. All anodized surfaces shall
receive protective treatment by means of a non-yellowing transparent lacquer which weathers
away naturally in service.
Doors, windows and frames shall be formed of extruded box from sections fixed together to
give complete rigidity and shall be complete including full weather stripping, sills, trusses,
glazing, beads, pivots and fixings.
7.5.4. Sliding Folding Doors
The vertical leaves shall be formed of mild steel plates interconnected with continuous hinged
strips. The leaf edges and hinged strips shall be formed to give a free movement and at the
same time maintain close contact between the edges of adjacent leaves. Both the leaves and
the hinged strips shall be in continuous lengths the full height of the door. The leaves and
hinged strips are to be manufactured from hot dipped galvanised steel plate.
The lattice frame of the door shall be made from mild steel channel pickets interconnecting
with pivoted lattice bars and stiffening members suitably spaced to give rigidity and strength
to the lattice frame. The leading edge shall be fabricated of a box section and shall be
provided with pull handles. The door shall be suspended on malleable iron hanger brackets
fitted with ball bearings and double pulleys running in an enclosed top track supported from
the steel structure by brackets suitably placed.
Provisions are to be made for adjusting the track heights. The lower end of the picket frame
shall slide in a clog free bottom track formed from cast iron or galvanised mild steel sections
and fitted flush with the floor. The track is to be of the required depth to maintain true
alignment, of the lattice frame of the door, ensure free movement, resist the effect of wind
pressure, and shall include dust sump and drain.
A galvanised mild steel soffit and end plates shall be fitted to form a draught seal.
7.5.5. Rolling Shutters
Rolling shutters shall be as per the size to suit the dimensions of the openings. Unless
otherwise specified for overall area of rolling shutters up to 5 sq.m, pull and push type hand-
operated shutters shall be provided, for areas between 5 and 10 sq.m, pull and push type
shutters with ball bearings shall be provided and for areas larger than 10 sq.m mechanical gear
type electrically operated shutters shall be provided.

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YAMAMA CEMENT COMPANY

Section 5-1: Owner’s Standards

SECTION 5-1-3-3: CIVIL MATERIALS

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 2 of 46

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 3 of 46

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 4 of 46

1.2. GENERAL PRESCRIPTIONS

1.3. SUPPLIES AND TESTS

1.3.2. Tests after Delivery

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 5 of 46

1.4. SITE LABORATORY

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 6 of 46

2.2. FILL MATERIALS

2.3. HARDCORE MATERIALS

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 7 of 46

3.1.1.1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OP)

3.1.1.2. Sulphate Resisting Cement (HS)

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 8 of 46

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 9 of 46

3.2.1. Classes and Quality

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 10 of 46

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 11 of 46

3.3.1. Sources and Quality

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 12 of 46

3.3.4. Storage and Use

3.4. ADMIXTURES AND ADDITIVES

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 13 of 46

3.4.2. Information and Documents

3.5. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

3.5.1. Concrete Type

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 14 of 46

Strength Durability Consistence Aggregates Cement Water Chloride

content content class

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Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 16 of 46

3.5.5. Grading of the Aggregates

Grading curve for 8 mm max size

Square net screen [mm]

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 17 of 46

Grading curve for 22 mm max size

Square net screen [mm]

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 18 of 46

Grading curve for 63 mm max size

Square net screen [mm]

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 19 of 46

3.5.7. Water content

3.5.8. Chloride content class

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3.5.9. Nominal Strength

3.5.10. Characteristic Strength

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3.6. CONCRETE MANUFACTURE

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3.6.2. Precautions During Inclement Weather

3.6.3. Hand Mixing

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3.7.2. Preliminary Tests

3.7.3. Acceptance of Mixes

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 24 of 46

3.7.5. Changes in Size of Cube Test

3.8. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

3.8.2. Cement Content, Water/Cement Ratio and Consistency

Contract documents_Section 5-1, Section 5-1-3-3 Page 25 of 46

3.8.4. Strength Requirements