TLE-10

WIRES AND CABLE

Presented By : Group 3
 POWER CABLE- is a crucial electrical component in
electrical systems, carrying current from a power
source to an electrical device or appliance, providing
electricity for various applications.
 Here is a description of the key components and
characteristics of a typical power cable:

Conductor: The conductor is the core of the power cable and is usually made of copper or aluminum.
These materials are chosen for their excellent electrical conductivity. Copper is the most
common choice due to its superior conductivity.
Insulation: Surrounding the conductor is an insulating material, typically made of plastic or rubber,
that provides electrical insulation. It prevents the flow of electricity from escaping the
cable and protects against electrical shocks and short circuits.

Sheath: The outer layer of the cable is called the sheath or jacket. It serves as a protective covering
for the cable, safeguarding it against physical damage, moisture, and environmental factors.
The sheath can be made from materials such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) or thermoplastic
elastomers.

Voltage Rating: Power cables are designed for specific voltage levels. The voltage rating indicates
the maximum voltage that the cable can safely handle. Using a cable with the correct
voltage rating is crucial to prevent electrical breakdown and ensure safety.
 Here are some common applications of power cables:

Electric Grid Transmission Underground Wiring

Distribution Networks

Underground Wiring Transportation

 Temperature Wire (type HI)

TEMPERATURE WIRE- also known as thermocouple wire, is a type of

electrical wire used in temperature measurement applications. It is
designed to connect a thermocouple sensor to a temperature
measuring instrument, such as a thermometer, temperature
controller, or data acquisition system.
 Here are some key aspects and descriptions of temperature wires

Types of Temperature Wires:

Thermocouples: These are the most common type of temperature wire.
Thermocouples consist of two different metal wires joined at one end. When exposed
to temperature changes, they generate a voltage that is proportional to the
temperature difference, allowing for temperature measurement.
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs): RTDs are temperature wires made from
materials with a known and repeatable resistance-temperature relationship, typically
platinum (Pt100) or copper (Cu100). Their resistance changes linearly with
temperature, making them highly accurate and suitable for precise measurements.
Thermistors: Thermistors are semiconductor-based temperature sensors with a
nonlinear resistance-temperature characteristic. They are commonly used in
applications where a highly sensitive and rapid response to temperature changes is
needed.
 Here are some common applications for temperature wires

Thermocouples Automotive Industry

Temperature Probes

Aerospace and Aviation Laboratory Instruments

 Royal cord

Royal Cord is a hard usage service cord known for its durability; it
consists of multiple conductors, specifically a two, three, and four-
conductor power cable. This portable wire is applied in residential,
commercial, and industrial settings, as it is resistant to oil, chemicals,
and a highly abrasive environment.
 Here are some key aspects and descriptions of Royal Cord

The Royal Cord is a multi-conductor, specifically a two, three, and four-

conductor power cable, severe usage service cord that is renowned for
its endurance. Due to its resistance to oil, chemicals, and an extremely
abrasive environment, this portable wire is used in residential,
commercial, and industrial environments.
Here are some examples of royal cords that are commonly used.

Additionally, Royal Cords are submersible and water-resistant. The

aforementioned wire is used mostly in heavy machinery, big
appliances, lighting systems, and a variety of facilities, including
building sites, mills, mines, sports facilities, and even marinas.
TELEPHONE CABLE- is a type of electrical cable specifically designed
for transmitting telephone signals and carrying voice communication
over long distances. These cables are typically composed of multiple
insulated copper or, more recently, fiber optic conductors bundled
together within a protective outer jacket.
 Here are some key characteristics and components of a telephone cable:

Conductors : Telephone cables consist of one or more copper or sometimes fiber optic conductors. Copper
. analog telephone systems, while fiber optic cables are
conductors are commonly used for traditional
used for high-speed digital communication.

Insulation: Each conductor is individually insulated to prevent electrical interference and ensure signal
integrity. The insulation is usually made of materials like PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or PE
(polyethylene).

Twisting: In multi-conductor telephone cables, the individual pairs of conductors are twisted together. This
twisting helps reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic interference (EMI) from nearby cables or
electrical devices.

Sheath: The entire cable is covered with a protective outer sheath, typically made of PVC or other durable
materials, to provide mechanical protection and shielding from external environmental factors.

Connectors: Telephone cables often terminate with connectors like RJ11 or RJ45 plugs, which can be easily
connected to telephone jacks or other telecommunications equipment.
 Here are some common applications of telephone cables:

Landline Telephony Cable Television (CATV) Data Transmission

Internet Connectivity Intercom Systems Emergency Communication

Voice over IP (VoIP) Alarm Systems Audio and Video Distribution

 appliance or electric heater cable

An electric heater cable, often referred to as a heating cable or heat trace

cable, is a specialized electrical device designed to generate heat for various
purposes, primarily for temperature maintenance and freeze protection in
pipes, roofs, gutters, and other applications.
 Electric heater cables are commonly used for purposes such as:

To prevent pipes from freezing in cold weather, electric heater cables can be
Pipe Freeze Protection:
wrapped around or installed inside pipes to maintain a consistent temperature
and prevent ice buildup.

Roof and Gutter Deicing: These cables can be installed on roofs and in gutters to melt snow and ice,
preventing ice dams and roof damage.

Floor Heating: Electric underfloor heating systems use heating cables embedded in the floor to
provide radiant heat, creating a warm and comfortable indoor environment.

Industrial Process Heating: In industrial settings, electric heater cables can be used to heat equipment,
tanks, and pipelines, ensuring that fluids remain at the desired temperature
for various processes.
Concrete Curing: Heating cables can be used to accelerate the curing of concrete in
construction projects, helping to achieve the desired strength and durability
more quickly.
Here are some common applications of electric heater cables:

Pipe Freeze Protection Food Industry

Roof and Gutter De-icing Concrete Curing

Process Heating Instrumentation and Sensors

Oil and Gas Industry Residential Applications

 ASBESTOS COVERED NICKEL CORD(ROCKBESTOS)

Asbestos-covered nickel cord refers to a specific type of material that

consists of a core made of nickel wire or cord, which is then covered or
coated with asbestos fibers.
 Asbestos-covered nickel cord refers to a type of electrical or heating element that
consists of a core made of nickel wire or cord, which is then encased or covered with
asbestos insulation. This combination of materials was commonly used in various
industrial and electrical applications in the past, primarily because of nickel's
electrical conductivity and resistance to high temperatures, coupled with asbestos'
insulating properties and heat resistance.

However, it's important to note that asbestos is a highly hazardous material when
its fibers become airborne and are inhaled, as they can cause serious health issues,
including lung cancer and mesothelioma. Due to these health risks, the use of
asbestos in products has been significantly restricted or banned in many
countries, and safer alternatives have been developed.

Given the health hazards associated with asbestos, it is crucial to handle and dispose of
asbestos-containing materials properly and in accordance with local regulations and
guidelines. If you come across asbestos-covered materials, it is advisable to seek
professional assistance for safe removal and disposal.
here are some potential applications of asbestos-covered nickel cord:

Gaskets and Seals Exhaust Systems

Insulation

Furnace and Kiln Applications High-Temperature Wiring

 AUTOMOTIVE WIRE

Automotive wire, also known as automotive wiring, refers to the electrical wiring
and cables used in vehicles, including cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other types of
motorized vehicles. These wires are an essential part of a vehicle's electrical system,
carrying electrical power and signals to various components, such as the engine,
lights, sensors, ignition system, entertainment system, and more
 Key characteristics and properties of automotive wires often include:

Temperature Resistance: Automotive wires must withstand a wide range of temperatures, from
extreme cold in winter to high heat under the hood of a running engine.
Insulation: They are typically insulated with materials that are resistant to heat, abrasion, and
chemical exposure, ensuring electrical safety and longevity.
Flexibility: Automotive wires need to be flexible to accommodate the movement and vibrations
that occur within a vehicle.
Conductivity: Good electrical conductivity is essential to ensure efficient and reliable electrical
connections within the vehicle's electrical system.
Corrosion Resistance: Automotive wires are designed to resist corrosion, as they may come into contact with
moisture and various chemicals found in the automotive environment.
Color Coding: Different colors are often used to identify the purpose of each wire within the vehicle's
wiring harness, making it easier to diagnose and repair electrical issues.
 Here are some key applications of
automotive wire in vehicles:
Power Distribution
Lighting Systems Battery Charging and Alternator Systems
Ignition Systems
Engine Control
Power Windows and Door Locks
Entertainment and Infotainment Systems
Sensors and Instrumentation
Safety Systems
Heating and Air Conditioning
Electric Power Steering
Transmission Control
Sensors for Emission Control
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Telematics and Connectivity
Safety and Security Systems
Power Seats
Cruise Control
 AUTO CABLE PVC AND BRAIDED

Auto cable refers to automotive cables used in vehicles for various electrical
and electronic applications. These cables are designed to meet the specific
requirements and standards of the automotive industry, ensuring safe and
reliable performance in the challenging conditions of a vehicle's electrical
system.
 Auto cable PVC and braided cables are two different types of electrical cables commonly
used in automotive applications. Here are their definitions:

Auto Cable PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride):

This term refers to automotive cables that have PVC insulation. These cables are suitable
for a wide range of automotive electrical applications, from wiring harnesses to battery
cables. PVC insulation is known for its flexibility, durability, and resistance to oil,
chemicals, and abrasion, making it a popular choice for automotive use.

Braided Cable:

A braided cable is a type of electrical cable that features a protective outer layer made of wove
or braided strands of metal or synthetic material. This outer layer, known as the braid, adds
additional strength and protection to the inner conductors of the cable.
Here are some common applications for PVC and braided auto cables:

Electrical Wiring Engine Compartment

Battery Cables Transmission and Gearbox

Ignition Systems Braking System

Sensors and Control Systems Interior and Entertainment Systems

Lighting Systems Charging Systems

 SURVICE ENTRANCE CABLE (TYPE SE)

Service Entrance Cable (Type SE) is a specific type of electrical cable

designed for outdoor and underground use to deliver electrical power from
the utility company's distribution system to a residential or commercial
building.
 Here are some key characteristics and components of a service entrance
cable:
Conductors: The cable contains one or more conductors, which are usually insulated to prevent electrical
contact with the surrounding materials. The number of conductors can vary depending on
the electrical service requirements of the building, with common configurations being 2-
wire, 3-wire, or 4-wire systems.

Protective Sheath: The conductors are enclosed in a protective sheath made of materials like PVC
(polyvinyl chloride), XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene), or other suitable insulation
materials. This sheath provides protection against moisture, physical damage, and
environmental factors.

The size and capacity of the service entrance cable depend on the electrical load or
Size and Capacity:
demand of the building. Larger buildings or facilities with higher electrical demands
require thicker and more substantial cables to handle the increased current.

Installation: The service entrance cable is typically installed underground or overhead, depending on
local building codes and regulations. It connects to the electrical meter, which measures
the amount of electricity consumed by the building.
Here are some key applications and uses of service entrance cable:

Residential Electrical Service Mobile Homes and RV Parks

Commercial and Industrial Buildings Agricultural and Farm Buildings

Overhead and Underground Installation Temporary Power Supplies

Rural and Remote Locations Emergency Generators

THE END