Stat 151 Assignment 5

Question 1

(a)

(b)

a) Paired t-test for Weekly Hours of Consuming Election News Coverage:

The p-value is less than 0.05, indicating evidence against the null hypothesis. The 95% confidence
interval for the mean difference does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that the true
mean difference is not equal to 0. The sample mean difference is -2.920455, suggesting that, on average,
students spend fewer weekly hours on election news coverage than their mothers.

(b) Paired t-test for Age of Father and Age of Mother:

The p-value is extremely low, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 90% confidence
interval for the mean difference does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that the true
mean difference is not equal to 0. The sample mean difference is 4.318182, suggesting that, on average,
the age of students' fathers is greater than the age of students' mothers.
In both cases, the p-values are very low, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The
confidence intervals also support these conclusions. The paired t-test results suggest that there are
significant differences in the parameters being tested (mean difference in weekly hours of consuming
election news coverage and mean difference in age), and the evidence suggests that these differences
are unlikely due to random variation

Question 2

(a)

Paired t-test for Mean Difference of BMI

The p-value is very close to zero, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 99%
confidence interval for the mean difference does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that
the true mean difference is not equal to 0. The sample mean difference is 29.56848, suggesting that
there is a significant difference between the mean BMI and the number of children.

(One Sample t-test for BMI):

The p-value is very close to zero, indicating strong evidence against the null hypothesis. The 95%
confidence interval for the mean BMI does not include 0, further supporting the conclusion that the true
mean BMI is significantly different from 0. The sample mean BMI is 30.6634, suggesting that the average
BMI of policyholders is significantly different from 0.

Both tests yield extremely low p-values, suggesting strong evidence against their respective null
hypotheses. The confidence intervals also support these conclusions. In both cases, the evidence
suggests that there are significant differences in the parameters being tested (mean difference of BMI
and children, and mean BMI) and that these differences are unlikely due to random variation.

(b)

The p-value is 0.08992, which is greater than the 0.01 significance level. This suggests that we do not
have strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in
means (-1.21895043, 0.08819153) includes 0, further indicating that the true difference in means could
potentially be 0. The sample means for females and males are 30.37775 and 30.94313, respectively.

Based on the results of the Welch Two Sample t-test, we do not have sufficient evidence to conclude that
there is a significant difference in the means of BMI between females and males. The p-value is relatively
high, and the confidence interval includes 0, suggesting that the observed difference in means could be
due to random variation. This means that, at the 1% significance level, we fail to reject the null
hypothesis that the average BMI of females is equal to the average BMI of males.
Question 3

(a)

(b)

(c)

Based on the information provided that the data was collected from a sample of 44 students who took
Statistics at MacEwan in the summer term, and the sample was collected randomly, it suggests that the
assumption of a random sample is likely to be valid. When data is collected randomly, it means that each
individual within the population had an equal chance of being included in the sample. This helps to
reduce the potential for bias and ensures that the sample is representative of the larger population of
interest. With a randomly collected sample, the results of statistical analysis and inference can be more
confidently generalized to the entire population.
Question 4

The p-value is 0.04879, which is less than the chosen significance level of 0.01 (1%). This means that we
have sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Since the p-value is less than 0.01, we can conclude that there is a significant association between the
preferred learning method and the preferred teaching method among the students. In other words, the
data provide enough evidence to suggest that the distribution of preferred teaching methods is not the
same across different preferred learning methods. Since the p-value is below 0.01, we still reject the null
hypothesis at the 1% significance level.