Truth and Reconciliation: Every Child Matters

We are going to look at Truth and Reconciliation using a booklet published by Canada’s
History and the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation in the University of Manitoba.

As you read through the booklet complete the activities below:

Every Child Matters (pgs. 6-11)

1. What is Reconciliation? Which definition on page 8 of the booklet resonates with you
and why?

Reconciliation means fixing broken relationships and resolving conflicts between

people or groups. It involves forgiveness, understanding, and talking to each other to
make things better. The goal is to bring harmony and create a peaceful future
together. The definition by Elder Yvonne Rigsby-Jones resonates with me the most.
She defines reconciliation as, “Reconciliation is the belonging, the welcoming of
people, and making them a part of.” This resonates with me because she talks about
how reconciliation is about bring people together.

2. Define survivor. What does this term mean within the context of Residential Schools?

The word "survivor" is used to talk about people who went through something really
difficult which in this case is residential schools. These schools were not good places
to be, and many people were forced to go there. But the ones who made it through
and came out on the other side are called survivors because they were strong enough
to keep going despite all the hardships they faced.

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 3. Look at the picture on page 11 – the Bentwood Box. Why would survivors have kept
items from residential school? Why would the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
(TRC) have wanted to see these items and what significance does it have they are
kept in a special and unique box?

Survivors of residential schools may keep items from that time because they hold
personal and historical meaning. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission wanted to
see these items to understand and honor survivors' experiences. Keeping them in a
special box shows that they are important and should be respected.

Respect (pgs. 12-15)

1. What are different pathways to reconciliation?

The journey of truth and reconciliation encompasses various pathways to healing and
reconciliation, following a chronological order:

Pre-contact: Recognizing and respecting the complex relationships Indigenous nations

had with each other and the land before European contact, including their treaties,
trade relationships, and intact languages, teachings, and cultures.

Contact: Acknowledging the disruptive impact of European arrival, which brought

concepts of economic exploitation and superiority, leading to the disruption of
relationships and exploitation of natural resources.

Human rights violations: Confronting the damaging actions enacted by Canada, such
as the establishment of residential schools, the Indian Act, and the displacement of
Indigenous peoples from their lands and territories, recognizing the violation of their
human rights. Resistance: Celebrating the resilience and resistance of Indigenous
peoples who fought against the destruction of their cultures and lands, with some
parents trying to protect their children from residential schools and elders preserving
traditions secretly.

Conflict and opportunity: Highlighting the inclusion of Indigenous rights in the

Canadian constitution, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, and its
recommendations, which contribute to laying the foundation for respect and
opportunities for change.

Settlement agreement: Recognizing the legal actions taken by residential school

survivors, resulting in the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement and the
establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, along with an official
apology from the Canadian prime minister.

Truth and reconciliation: Emphasizing the importance of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, which provides a platform for survivors to share their stories, uncovering
the systemic harm inflicted upon communities, nations, individuals, and families,
particularly children.
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 Resurgence and revitalization: Highlighting ongoing efforts to resist human rights
violations, reclaim Indigenous languages, cultures, and histories, the formal adoption
of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and the
commitment of non-Indigenous Canadians to combat the negative impacts of
colonization. Through these different pathways, reconciliation aims to address
historical injustices, promote understanding, healing, and respect between Indigenous
and non-Indigenous communities, and support the revitalization and empowerment of
Indigenous peoples.

2. What does it mean to be an ally in reconciliation? Why are young people so important
in this aspect?

Being an ally in reconciliation means actively supporting and helping to heal

relationships between divided or harmed individuals or communities. It involves
listening, understanding, and empathizing with marginalized groups. Young people are
essential in this process because they offer new perspectives, passion, and a strong
commitment to social justice.

3. How do you show respect to others? to yourself? to a community?

Showing respect to others involves actively listening to their perspectives and

experiences, and valuing their opinions It means acknowledging and honoring their
boundaries, and being considerate of their feelings and needs. Respecting oneself
entails practicing self-care, setting healthy boundaries, and nurturing one's well-being.
It involves recognizing one's worth, treating oneself with compassion and forgiveness,
and pursuing personal growth. Respecting a community involves actively participating
in its well-being, promoting inclusivity, and working collaboratively towards common
goals. It means recognizing and valuing the diversity within the community,
supporting its institutions and initiatives, and taking actions that contribute positively
to its collective progress.

4. Read the Journey of Truth and Reconciliation to Date.

Courage (pgs. 16-19)

1. What is the history of Orange Shirt Day?

Orange Shirt Day is a day of remembrance and reconciliation that started in Canada.
It raises awareness about the harmful effects of residential schools on Indigenous
communities. It takes place on September 30th each year to honor the experiences of
survivors and promote healing.
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 2. Where does the phrase “Every Child Matters” come from? Why is in important phrase
in the context of Orange Shirt Day?

The phrase "Every Child Matters" originated from the final report of the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission of Canada. It is an important phrase in the context of
Orange Shirt Day because it highlights the significance of every Indigenous child's life
and well-being. It serves as a reminder to acknowledge the experiences of Indigenous
children who were affected by the residential school system and to promote their
rights and dignity.

3. Who is Dr. Cindy Blackstock? What does she do and what role does she play in
advocacy for Indigenous children?

Dr. Cindy Blackstock is a well-known advocate for Indigenous children in Canada. She
leads the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society and works to ensure fair
access to services and address discrimination faced by Indigenous children in the child
welfare system. Her advocacy has helped raise awareness and bring about positive
changes for the well-being and rights of Indigenous children.

4. How did it take courage for Phyllis to tell her story and start Orange Shirt Day? What
kind of courage does this show?

It took courage for Phyllis to share her personal story and initiate Orange Shirt Day.
By speaking out about her experiences as a survivor of the residential school system,
she exposed a painful part of her past and opened herself up to vulnerability. This act
of courage demonstrates her resilience and determination to shed light on the impact
of the schools, raise awareness, and promote healing and reconciliation for Indigenous
communities.

5. Provide an example of a time you have acted with courage? What type of courage did
you show?

An example of someone showing courage is when a person stands up to a bully to

protect someone else. This type of courage, known as bravery, involves facing
potential harm or retaliation in order to defend and support others. It takes strength
and fearlessness to confront intimidating situations and demonstrate a commitment to
fairness and kindness.

Love (pgs. 20-23)

1. How is art helping the process of reconciliation? What about art in all its forms and
creativity helps with reconciliation?

Art plays a significant role in the process of reconciliation by providing a powerful

medium for self-expression, storytelling, and healing. In all its forms, art encourages
dialogue, understanding, and empathy among individuals and communities. Through
creativity, art allows for the exploration of complex emotions, experiences, and
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 perspectives, fostering connection and promoting reconciliation by breaking down
barriers, challenging stereotypes, and celebrating diverse cultures.

2. How did Indigenous dancing help Hannah Morningstar?

Indigenous dancing helped Hannah Morningstar by providing her with a sense of

cultural identity, pride, and connection to her heritage. Through dancing, she was able
to express herself, reclaim her Indigenous identity, and find healing and strength in
the traditional practices of her ancestors.

3. How did making moccasins help Yvonne Houssin?

Making moccasins helped Yvonne Houssin by allowing her to reconnect with her
Indigenous heritage and engage in a meaningful cultural practice. The process of
crafting moccasins provided her with a sense of accomplishment, self-expression, and
a deeper connection to her ancestors, contributing to her personal growth and healing
journey.

4. Carey Newman Hayalthkin’geme made art from reclaimed resident school items. Why
do you think this is the medium (format) of art he chose? Look up images of the
Witness Blanket (they are easily available – try and find images which show the whole
installation as well as close-up images). Write three of four sentences in response to
this piece of art.

Carey Newman Hayalthkin'geme chose to create art from reclaimed residential school
items, as seen in the Witness Blanket, to honor the experiences of residential school
survivors and raise awareness about the history of these institutions. The artwork
serves as a powerful symbol of remembrance, resilience, and the need for
reconciliation. The installation prompts viewers to reflect on the impact of residential
schools and encourages dialogue about healing and understanding.

5. Why does Carey Newman Hayalthkin’geme find hope in teaching young people about
Indigenous ideas and culture?

Carey Newman Hayalthkin’geme finds hope in teaching young people about

Indigenous ideas and culture because he believes that education and understanding
are key to breaking cycles of ignorance, discrimination, and cultural erasure.

6. How is art connected to love?

Art is connected to love because it can evoke emotions and express affection, whether
for a person, nature, or the world. Artists often create art as a way to express and
share love. Art can also inspire love by fostering connection and appreciation for the
beauty and diversity of life.

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Truth (pgs. 24-28)

1. Why is it important to learn the truth about residential schools?

It is important to learn the truth about residential schools because it helps to

acknowledge and understand the historical and intergenerational trauma inflicted
upon Indigenous communities. By learning the truth, we can work towards
reconciliation, foster empathy, and ensure that such atrocities are never repeated.

2. What do you think an intergenerational survivor is? Why do you think it is important
to remember these people?

An intergenerational survivor is someone who has been affected by the traumatic

legacy of residential schools, either as a direct survivor or as a descendant of
survivors. It is important to remember these individuals because their experiences
and the intergenerational impact of residential schools continue to shape Indigenous
communities today. Recognizing and acknowledging their stories is essential for
healing, understanding, and promoting meaningful change.

3. For each of the following people, what is their survival story and how they managed
their lives to work at healing from residential schools?

 Olemaun, Margaret Pokiak-Fenton also known as Olemaun, shared her survival

story in the book "Fatty Legs." She endured the harsh conditions of a residential
school and faced cultural assimilation but found strength and healing through
education and reclaiming her Inuit identity.

 Elder Garnet Angeconeb survived the hardships of a residential school and later
became an advocate for truth and reconciliation. He worked towards healing by
sharing his story, participating in reconciliation efforts, and promoting cultural
revitalization within Indigenous communities.

 Tungoyuq Mary Carpenter overcame the trauma of residential schools and

dedicated her life to preserving Inuit language, culture, and traditions. She
played a crucial role in cultural revitalization initiatives and fostering
intergenerational healing among Inuit communities.

 Carey Newman Hayalthkin’geme uses his creativity and art to raise awareness,
honor survivors, and promote healing and reconciliation. His artwork, such as
the Witness Blanket, serves as a powerful testament to the stories and
resilience of residential school survivors.

4. Why is broadcaster Shelagh Rogers included in this section? What importance do you
think the involvement of the media is in Truth and Reconciliation?
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 Shelagh Rogers is included in this section because she is a well-known broadcaster
and advocate for Indigenous voices and reconciliation. As a non-Indigenous ally, her
involvement represents the importance of allyship and amplifying Indigenous stories.
The media's involvement in truth and reconciliation is crucial as it helps to disseminate
information, raise awareness, and ensure that the truth about residential schools
reaches a wider audience, promoting understanding, empathy, and collective action
towards reconciliation.

Hope & Healing (pg. 29)

1. What are examples of things that inspire hope in the illustration of the medicine
basket?

Examples of things that inspire hope in the illustration of the medicine basket include
symbols of cultural revitalization, such as traditional medicines, sacred objects, and
ceremonial practices. The inclusion of Indigenous languages, artwork, and teachings
also fosters a sense of hope and resilience. Additionally, images of intergenerational
connections, community gatherings, and acts of reconciliation convey the ongoing
commitment to healing, understanding, and preserving Indigenous cultures and
traditions.

2. What words would you put in your medicine basket (a basket that held materials for
healing)?

In a medicine basket for healing, words such as love, compassion, resilience, and
forgiveness would be fitting. These words represent essential qualities and intentions
that can aid in the process of healing, promoting well-being, and fostering a sense of
unity and understanding.

Humility (pg. 30-35)

1. Write down your own idea of what humility is. Then look up a dictionary definition and
compare the two – where are the similarities and differences between your response
and the dictionary definition.

My definition of humility - Humility is the quality of being modest and having a humble
view of oneself.

Dictionary - The quality or condition of being humble.

Both have the same definition.

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2. How are both your understanding of humility and the dictionary’s understanding
similar to and different from the Indigenous understanding as described in this
passage?

Your understanding of humility and the dictionary's understanding are similar to the
Indigenous understanding described in the passage as they all highlight the
importance of being modest and having a humble view of oneself. However, the
Indigenous understanding may also include a broader sense of humility that extends
to the natural world, ancestors, and community, emphasizing interconnectedness and
respect for the collective well-being.

3. Why and how is connection to the land important for Hannah Morningstar? Do you
have places or times where you feel peaceful and connected to your surroundings?
Why are these places important to you?

Connection to the land is important for Hannah Morningstar as it helps her maintain
her Indigenous identity and find strength and guidance. Similarly, many people have
places where they feel peaceful and connected to their surroundings, providing solace
and a sense of belonging away from the busyness of life. These places hold personal
significance as they offer rejuvenation and a connection with nature's beauty.

4. What does the phrase ‘land back’ mean to artist Carey Newman Hayalthkin’geme?
How would our lives and government policy have to change if we all adopted that
interpretation of ‘land back’?

'Land back' means for artist Carey Newman Hayalthkin’geme the return of ancestral
lands to Indigenous communities. If we all embraced this interpretation, it would
require changes in our lives and government policy, recognizing Indigenous
sovereignty and involving Indigenous communities in land management decisions.
This would promote justice, reconciliation, and a more equitable relationship.

5. According to Dr. Cindy Blackstock, how are treated and freedom connected?

According to Dr. Cindy Blackstock, the way we treat others and the freedom we enjoy
are interconnected. When we treat others with respect, dignity, and equality, it leads
to a sense of freedom for all individuals and contributes to a just and inclusive society.
Conversely, when we disregard or violate the rights of others, it diminishes their
freedom and undermines the principles of justice and equality.

6. How are humility and our gifts connected? What do you think is meant by gifts in this
context? What are your gifts and how do you share them? How do you think your gifts
could be used for acts of reconciliation?

Humility and our gifts are connected in that humility allows us to recognize and
appreciate the unique talents and abilities we possess as individuals. In this context,

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 gifts refer to the unique strengths and qualities that each person brings to the world. I
believe my gifts lie in communication and empathy, and I strive to share them by
listening, understanding, and offering support to others. By utilizing our gifts for acts
of reconciliation, we can actively contribute to building understanding, fostering
empathy, and promoting positive change within ourselves and our communities.

Honesty (pgs. 36-39)

1. Why is integrity an important part of honesty?

Integrity is an important part of honesty because it involves the consistent adherence

to moral and ethical principles, ensuring that one's words and actions align with
truthfulness and sincerity. It strengthens the trustworthiness of honesty by
demonstrating a genuine commitment to upholding truth and ethical values.

2. How can young people use honesty and integrity to have difficult conversations about
residential schools and indigenous issues with people in their lives? How is this part of
reconciliation?

Young people can use honesty and integrity to have difficult conversations about
residential schools and Indigenous issues by speaking truthfully, sharing their
knowledge and experiences with empathy, and actively listening to others with an
open mind. This fosters understanding, promotes healing, and contributes to the
process of reconciliation by addressing historical injustices, promoting dialogue, and
building bridges of empathy and understanding between different perspectives.

3. What does it mean to be an ally? What do good allies provide to and for Indigenous
peoples?

Being an ally means supporting Indigenous peoples by listening, learning, and taking
action against injustices. Good allies provide solidarity, amplify Indigenous voices, and
work towards equality and cultural preservation.

4. Part of allyship involves examining the privilege we have that others in our community
and Canada might not have. What is a privilege you have that many Indigenous
people may not? Why do you have this privilege?

A privilege I have that many Indigenous people may not is access to educational
opportunities and resources. I have this privilege because of systemic advantages and
opportunities provided to me based on my social and cultural background.

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Wisdom (pgs. 40-43)

1. How did Dr. Lorna Williams regain her language that had been take from her by
residential school?

Dr. Lorna Williams regained her language that had been taken from her by residential
school by reconnecting with her community and elders who still spoke the language.
She actively sought out opportunities to learn and immerse herself in the language,
attending language classes and participating in cultural activities. Through
perseverance and dedication, she was able to reclaim and revitalize her language,
contributing to its preservation and passing it on to future generations.

2. What happens to a people when their language is taken away? How are these results
seen in many Indigenous communities in Canada today?

When a people's language is taken away, it can result in a loss of cultural identity,
intergenerational trauma, and a disconnection from their heritage. These results can
be seen in many Indigenous communities in Canada today through language loss,
difficulties in cultural preservation, and ongoing efforts to revitalize and reclaim
Indigenous languages.

3. Why is learning their Indigenous language an important part of reconciliation for many
Indigenous individuals and groups today?

Learning their Indigenous language is important for many Indigenous individuals and
groups today as it promotes cultural pride, strengthens identity, and contributes to
the healing and reconciliation process. It helps revitalize and preserve Indigenous
languages, connecting communities to their heritage and ancestral knowledge.

4. Dr. Lorna Williams says, “the voice of the land is in the language.” Explain what she
means in this quote.

When Dr. Lorna Williams says, "the voice of the land is in the language," she means
that the language holds the wisdom, knowledge, and deep connection to the land that
is passed down through generations. The language carries the stories, teachings, and
cultural values that are intricately tied to the land, reflecting the intimate relationship
between Indigenous peoples and their natural surroundings.

5. Why is it so important to many Indigenous people that young Indigenous people have
the opportunity and the tools to acquire their Indigenous language?

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 It is crucial to many Indigenous people that young Indigenous individuals have the
opportunity and tools to acquire their Indigenous language because language serves
as a powerful vehicle for preserving cultural heritage, strengthening identity, and
fostering a sense of belonging. Language connects younger generations to their
ancestors, traditions, and values, enabling them to carry forward the richness and
wisdom of their culture. Additionally, language revitalization contributes to the overall
well-being and resilience of Indigenous communities, promoting self-determination
and cultural sovereignty.

6. At the end of the magazine, the author signs off with the phrase “all my relations” and
then her name. What do you think that phrase means and who would she be referring
to?

The phrase "all my relations" means acknowledging and respecting the

interconnectedness of all living beings. The author would be referring to all beings,
including humans, animals, plants, and the natural world.

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