1.

Provide at least two examples of the opposite effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions of the nervous system.

In the body, the sympathetic triggers the fight or flight response. It releases adrenaline, a hormone that
increases energy levels and heart rate. After the fight or flight response, the parasympathetic system
lowers the heart rate and returns the body to normal. Digestion, sexual arousal, and urination are also
controlled by the parasympathetic system.

2. Explain how the respiratory and the cardiovascular system work together to meet the demands of the
working muscle.

Working muscles require both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to function. As ATP is created
by breaking down glucose, working muscles require a lot of oxygen. As oxygen enters the lungs through
breathing, it is transferred from the lungs to the bloodstream by the alveolus. As a result, the
cardiovascular system delivers oxygen to the muscles.

3. Our body sweats to stay cool during exercise. How does this seem to counteract the action of the
urinary system?

Water balance in the blood is maintained by the urinary system. Sweating expels salt and water, causing
the urinary system's balance to be thrown off. In order to conserve both water and sodium, the urinary
system has to conserve both water and sodium, resulting in dehydration.

4. List and describe at least three things a runner can do before a race to prepare the body for the
demands it is about to endure.

Warm up- heats up the body and increases breathing rate, thereby preventing oxygen debt.

Stretching- increases flexibility.

5. When you set out to jog five miles, your body first uses the ATP that is floating around in your system.
Describe the systems that your body relies on for ATP after this point.

1. ATP is used up
2. The phosphocreatine (PC) phosphorylates ADP, and then ATP is produced
3. Reduction of glucose by aerobic respiration.
4. Glycolysis occurs anaerobically.
5. Produce glucose by breaking down glycogen.

6. Which muscle energy system(s) is (are) used for each of the following activities? Make sure to explain
your reasoning.

The 50-meter dash- ATP-PC energy system. Sportsmen and women who engage in very intense,
explosive movements tend to activate this system most often. Muscles use phosphocreatine to reform
ATP once their available ATP has been consumed, which occurs within a few seconds.

A game of basketball- ATP-PC system, the Anaerobic system, and the Aerobic system. A quick burst of
energy is provided by the ATP-PC system to facilitate basketball shooting and movement. When strength
and endurance are needed during a game or match, the anaerobic system provides longer-term energy
sources. The aerobic system provides sustained energy.
A single football play- Anaerobic energy system and ATP-PC system. Accordingly, the primary energy
source during a specific play must be phosphagen and anaerobic glycolytic energy systems, regardless of
position and duration of each play.

Weight lifting- Phosphagen system. The exercise does not require long periods of energy. This exercise
occurs rapidly, over a short period of time.

Running a marathon- Aerobic system. Distance running uses the aerobic energy system. Runs such as
10km to ultra-marathons tend to be aerobic in nature.