JIGAWA STATE POLYTECHNIC, DUTSE JIGAWA STATE

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

TOPIC:

APPLICATION OF REGRESSION IN PREDICTING THE HOUSEHOLD WATER CONSUMPTION IN

SOME SELECTED AREA OF SABON GARI, KANO STATE.

BY

ELIJAH JOHN

HND/STA/21/009M

TO BE SUPERVISED BY

MALLAM USMAN ABUBAKAR

2023

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Water is extremely important for developing nations, states and even under-developing nations

such as Nigeria. Water is a basic resource which supports economic growth and maintains daily

life. “Water is life” is a common term that is often used to describe the important role of water

to man. Amongst the diverse resources with which mankind has been blessed, water ranks the

highest in importance. According to (Clark et al.; 1991), water is the most fundamental in

making life possible on earth. Water represents a unique and significant feature in any

settlement; for drinking, sanitation, washing, planting, recreation, industrial process and the list

continue like that (Aderogba et al.; 2005) Irrespective of the sources, its availability of

availability (supply).

However, based on the use by man, water can broadly divided into three major categories;

domestic, industrial and agricultural (Newton, et al.; 2003). For the purpose of this study,

monthly consumption of water supply use is considered and it simply mean the use/demand for

water by household for use at the household level for various purpose which ranges from

drinking, washing, cooking to among others. Consequent to the unaccomplished modern ideal of

uninterrupted water supply inside every house.

A considerable amount of the total water consumption is for residential use. The increase

demand for water has put pressure on water supply system, which has led to environmental

problems such as overexploitation of water resources, and breaks in the balance of the

ecosystem. The increase in the demand for water has created more wastewater. It places a burden

on wastewater plants. Improvements in household water efficiency could reduce the pressure

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upon water supply and waste water treatment. Water efficiency does not mean controlling the

water supply but its sustainable water use, which will reduce wastage.

At present, Kano state has more than 18 water works with production capacity of more than 350

million litres daily to the state and its environs. In terms of performance, The Kano State Water

Board lack enough infrastructural facilities to satisfy this water demand as, only less than 60% of

the demand has been met. This is further affirmed by (Fullbrook et al.; 2005) as it indicated that

somewhere in the order of 4.8 million to 6.7 million people in Kano State are without water

supply and most of these are in the rural areas.

Additionally, within the metropolitan areas of the state, Challawa, Tamburawa and Watari

treatment plants with a total production capacity of 415 million liter per day has been designed to

supply water to the 8 metropolitan local government areas (Bello and Abullahi et al.; 2014). The

Kano State Water Board (KSWB) function is to control and manage all water works in the state

and ensure that water is supplies to consumers in the state at reasonable charges, in potable and

adequate quality Water Board in Kano is divided into

i. Commercial department, which comprises of marketing and accounting department

ii. Administrative department and engineering department board on these number of labour

force and technology adequate water supply without interruption is impossible proper

forecast for the future to avoid previous ability of efficient co-ordination of water supply

is also a problem. But the researcher believe that “There is no hopeless situations” only

people who are hopeless about situation, if so the researcher has decided to use statistical

analysis as a method which helps to cope with uncertainly about the future. It is

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 chronologically arranged as the most important factor because variable are always related

with time which may be either years, months, weeks, days, hours or minutes.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This project is critically designed to examine the application of regression in predicting the water

consumption in Sabon Gari quarter Fegge Local Government Area. Kano State. Statistical

analysis on monthly consumption of water supply can only be known if there is only one source

water supply. It is observed that consumers of water have no confidence on services render by

the due to their poor performance and inefficient co – ordination of water supply. To justify the

above statement here are question before the authority. What is the cause of water failure

always? Can it be that the water stations are not enough? Demand for water, can it be more than

the water supply for consumption? Can these problems be solved? How! The word “How”

motivated the researcher interest to English term, the KNSWB about statistical analysis used in

this researcher work to answer problems faced by the KNSWB in charge of water.

1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study

i. To predict household water consumption using multiple regression

ii. To determine regression model for forecasting household water consumption

1.4 Scope of the Study

This research work is on application of regression in predicting household water consumption.

But it only covers some selected area in Sabon Gari quarter Fegge Local Government Area of
Kano State with the hope of having generalized result for the state.

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1.5 Significant of the Study

There are many factors that contribute to economic growth and development in a country or

state. Among the major factors, water is one essential factor, without water, agricultural product

cannot be produce, life on emergency cannot be saved by Doctor, many things will lies at stake,

economics of the state will also decline and there will be nothing to write or say about

advancement in technology. Democracy can only bring changes in Nigeria economy, if water

problems are solved urgently of the state or country to progress. The research is significant, as it

has revealed some useful statistical analysis techniques, which are seriously recommended by the

researcher for improvement.

The research is also significant because it could serve as a good ground for further research work

by future researcher.

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2.0 Literature Review

Finding the literature is the first step in literature review. Reviewing the literature is essential, not

only in providing a context for the research subject and specifically limiting and identifying the

research problem, but also in providing important information for subsequent parts of the

research investigation (William, at el, 2005). Main sources of information include

i. Pilkington Library, other Library and WEDC resources Centre: include wide range of

relevant books containing background information, past theses, reports, journals and

conference papers

ii. Internet : electronic databases and electronic journals

The first source of relevant literature was the Water Engineering and Development Centre

(WEDC) Resource Centre, including some books about research projects and research methods.

The purpose of reviewing such literature was to collect ideas about the process, structure and

research designs of a research project. Then a more focused review of literature followed the

research question. The early literature review studied some international cases. For example,

books such as “Drawer of Water” and reports such as “sustainable water use in Europe” have

been used.

The other main source of information was the internet. Compared with books and reports,

internet sources are update quickly, but the main concern is the quality of the information. The

major information came from some reputable websites such as WHO, Environment Agency, and

WELL resource Centre web site.

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3.0 Methodology

3.1 Source of Data and Description

The research was conducted by collecting information from both primary and secondary sources

of data. The research and data were analyzed in the light of the objective of the study. The main

research instrument here is survey which is the use of questionnaire to obtain relevant

information and data that relates to the study which was administrated in different locations of

the study area (Sabon Gari Fegge Local Government Area, Kano State).

3.2 Method of Data Collection

The population of the study is narrowed down to the Household in Sabon Gari Fegge Local

Government Area, Kano State. The study samples are the individual Household consumption of

water supply. We also assume that there could be some household that might consume much

water supply than the other; hence, we always ask them before we administered the

questionnaire to them. In order to calculate the final amount of consumption of water supply

from each household was recalculated assuming each output has been replaced with a low-flow

equivalent. The price of this replacement for each household was determined by using retail

values.

3.3.0 Method of Data Analysis

3.3.1 Multiple Linear Regression

Multiple linear regression also known as multiple regression, is a statistical technique that uses

several explanatory variables to predict the outcome of a response variable. The goal multiple

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linear regression is to model the linear regression is to model the linear relationship between

explanatory (independent) variables and response (dependent) variables. In essence, multiple

regression is the extension of ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression because it involves more

than one explanatory variable.

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Bello, N.I and Abdullahi, I.K. (2014).Water Supply Situations in Kano Metropolitan Prospects

and Challenges.International Journal of Research in Earth & Environmental

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planning. In Holt, S.D. and Sabastine, S. (Eds) Municipal water System: A

Challenge for Urban Measures Management. Baltimore: John Hopkins, pp180-192.

Fullbrook, J., Maycher, P., Bappah J. and Olowokure, M. (2005).Development of a Water Supply

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