“ALPAS”: BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH JOURNAL

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English Speaking Attitude of Grade 12 in BNHS-SHS Students: Basis in

Developing Enhancement Program (S.Y. 2022-2023)
Despe1, Galvez2, Gayon3, Lazarte4, Macalinao5, Sales6, Sevilla7, Talastas8, Turla9, Vargas10,
Villanueva11
Bataan National High School – Senior High School
reycelicydespe7@gmail.com1, ronaldallangalvez7@gmail.com2, lajgayon@gmail.com3,
princessrolynnlazarte@gmail.com4, christopher.macalinao9615@gmail5, jonsaleskeith@gmail.com6,
czanayasevilla@gmail.com7, perezluisatalastas@gmail.com8, turlajc3124@gmail.com9,
victorallanvargas@gmail.com10, cjavillanueva27@gmail.com
Abstract – The unfortunate effects of COVID-19 did not only affect the lives of people but
also hindered the learning processes of students across the nation. The normal face-to-face
classes were changed to distance learning - online/modular methods that altered their
ways of learning; especially towards speaking English when it came to the point that their
attitudes towards speaking in English were possibly threatened. This descriptive research
study concentrates on examining the attitudes of Grade 12 students toward speaking
English. An adopted questionnaire from a similar study was utilized in the data-gathering
process which involved students of Grade 12 from every strand, rating their attitudes
toward speaking English. Based on the data analysis, the cumulative mean of the Grade 12
students’ attitudes toward speaking English scored two-point ninety (2.90), indicating a
positive perspective toward speaking English. These findings shall serve as a basis for the
researchers to craft an enhancement program that aims to further improve the mindsets of
students toward speaking English.

Keywords – Grade 12 Students, attitudes, speaking English, positive, enhancement program.

INTRODUCTION Instructional in the Educational System

(Diaz, n.d.). English as a language is taught
The importance of English as a subject is
to students at primary school up until they
significant, especially for Grade 12 students
reach college, and it is treated as a second
regardless of their strands because it is a
language by the nation, and the Philippines is
language that is mostly associated with
ranked 22 out of 111 nations in the whole
professional work and academic writing.
world, scoring a 578 EF English Proficiency
There are laws in the nation that encourage
Index (EF EPI 2022 – EF English Proficiency
schools, public or private, to teach English to
Index – Philippines, n.d.). But the attitude
students; Specifically, Executive Order No.
towards speaking English amongst students
210: Establishing the Policy to Strengthen the
may be a different story.
Use of the English Language as a Medium of

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A study conducted at Visayas State front of other people, worrying about the
University stated that more than half of the errors they might make, resulting in some
population they studied are moderately students avoiding activities like recitation and
exposed to English, and even those who have delivery (Jugo, 2020).
a lower level of exposure to English use it in
The study called “Attitude of Grade 12 SHS
different situations although they are
Academic Tracks Students Towards Speaking
minimal, it means that even if students had
in English” (Canceran & Temporal, 2018)
average or little exposure to English, the
inspired the researchers to make this
language is no stranger to them (Domingo
research; but that study was not conducted
C.P., 2020). There has even been a sub-
on all strands and did not cover TVL, STEM,
language where Filipinos combine Tagalog
Arts and Design-Sports Track. Also, the year
and English when speaking (Temelkova,
the study was conducted happened before the
2022), reasons may vary but that may have
pandemic, so the results of the researchers’
some indication on the attitude of Filipinos,
study may be more reliable and relevant if
especially students about speaking purely in
compared to the one that inspired the
English. The researchers themselves are
researchers. In addition, the study that
aware of the importance of using English in
inspired the researchers did not propose any
school, for they are students as well,
enhancement programs, but the researchers
especially when using it to speak because
will use the results from the surveys to
some activities require them to speak fully in
propose an enhancement program towards
English. Their grades are heavily affected if
the attitude of Grade 12 students towards
they speak well or not. But the last two years
speaking English.
of the pandemic have affected everyone in
The researchers have noticed that most
multiple ways negatively; especially students
students have some anxieties and troubles
regarding this situation. Most students
when speaking in English; one of the
preferred classroom classes over online
researchers trembles when they report in
classes because of the feeling of isolation,
English during activities and most Filipino
lack of motivation, and lack of direct
students are more comfortable speaking their
instructions from their teachers (Alawamleh
native language rather than their second
and Al-Twait, 2020), and this has been one of
language, English. A study has indicated that
the causes of why attitude towards speaking
speaking activities, especially English-
in English has been questionable recently.
speaking activities have been a primary
Regardless of the pandemic's effects, most
source of anxiety (Jugo, 2020); in addition,
students felt a deep feeling of anxiousness in
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students seem to be more anxious over the the attitudes of the Grade 12 students
perception of other people learning about regarding speaking in English.
their lack of knowledge and confidence
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
towards speaking English (Giray, 2022).
Basis in Developing Enhancement Program
The general objective of this research study
determines the attitude of the Grade 12
is to provide a perspective of how Grade 12
students in speaking in English in the
students of every strand from Bataan
programs of Bataan National High School to
National High School view English as a
gather data to be utilized as bases in the
spoken language and to find any prominent
English-Speaking Attitude of Grade 12
attitude towards speaking English;
Bataan National High School-Senior High
specifically, each academic strand’s most
School Students.
positive or negative outlook on English as a
spoken language. Specifically, it sought to answer the
After finding the results and comparing the following questions:
attitude of students toward English of
different strands, the researchers shall 1. How may the essential speaking attitude of

suggest a program based on the results of the the respondents be described using the ESAQ

survey that will focus on the enhancement of (English Speaking Attitude Questionnaire)

the English communication skills of the tool?

Grade 12 students at Bataan National High

2. What are the prominent English-speaking
School-Senior High School who have a
attitude of the Grade 12 students?
negative attitude about speaking in English
as a contribution to the problem. 3. Based on the study's findings, what
enhancement program may be proposed to

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY improve students’ communication skills?

The study aims to describe and compare MATERIALS AND METHOD

the attitudes of each academic strand toward
In general, a quantitative approach was
speaking in English. The researchers will
applied to achieve the study's objectives.
provide a program after acquiring the results
Quantitative research, according to (Bhandar
and comparing the attitudes of students
P., 2022). “Quantitative research is the
toward English of different academic strands,
process of collecting and analyzing numerical
as a contribution to the problem concerning
data. It can be used to find patterns and

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averages, make predictions, test causal A&D. This is a sampling that involves
relationships, and generalize results to wider choosing some group of items from the
populations." population-based on classification and
random selection. It consists in separating
The researchers used a descriptive method the target population element into
to thoroughly explore the English-Speaking homogenous, mutually exclusive segments,
Attitude of Grade 12 Bataan National High and from each segment, simple random
School-Senior High School Students: Basis in sampling is chosen (Iliyasu et al., 2021).
Developing Enhancement Program of Bataan Using the formula, the researchers obtained
National High School-Senior High School 100 respondents as the total sample size
Grade 12 students. Descriptive research aims whilst having 20 in ABM, 37 in STEM, 17 in
to describe a population, situation, or TVL, 23 in HUMSS, and 3 in A&D were
phenomenon accurately and systematically. It chosen. Stratified Random Sampling = Total
can answer what, where, when, and how Sample Size x Population of Subgroups Entire
questions, but not why questions (McCombes, Population Disproportionate stratified
S. 2019). A descriptive research design can random sampling was employed to ensure
use a wide variety of research methods to that the samples were adequate
investigate one or more variables. Unlike in representatives of the overall sample. In
experimental research, the researcher does disproportionate stratified random sampling,
not control or manipulate any of the the different strata do not have the same
variables, but only observes and measures sampling fractions as each other (Crossman,
them. 2021). A disproportionate sample ensures
that our study would have an adequate
Participants
number for analyzing even the smallest
The chosen respondents for this study groups in a population. Using this method,
were all students of strands from Grade 12 the researchers can evenly divide the total
Bataan National High School, totaling one sample size between the subgroups or use
hundred (100) students from all academic different proportions that make sense for
strands are selected to be the respondents in their study (Frost,2021).
this study. The sample size was determined
Instrument
using stratified random sampling from a
population of 440 in Grade 12 ABM, 810 in An online survey was used to collect
Grade 12 STEM, 372 in Grades 12 TVL, 502 relevant data for the investigation which was
in Grade 12 HUMSS, and 57 in Grade 12 adapted to a study that inspired the
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researchers to conduct this study (Canceran Data Collection Procedure

& Temporal, 2018). To determine which
response best captures the respondents'
experiences and views in relation to their
attitudes about speaking in English, the
researchers used a four-point Likert scale. A
Likert scale is a rating system used to
measure opinions, behaviors, or attitudes
where respondents will choose the option that
will correspond to how they feel about a given
statement or question (Bhandari, 2023). The
researchers specifically included 20 items to
measure students' attitudes toward speaking
English. The questionnaire was developed
based on the following prior studies, by which
several parts were removed and adapted to fit
the purpose of the study.
Data collection methods were carried out
through the traditional pen-and-paper
method. Before the said procedure, a letter
was sent first to the principal asking for
permission to conduct surveys among the
Grade 12 students of every strand. Then, the
researchers made a letter of permission to
conduct the survey for every classroom
president or the present subject teacher
present at the time in every classroom where
the researchers conducted surveys on. After
the establishment of an agreement between
the researchers and the respondents, the
survey questionnaire which consisted of 20
items was handed out to the students, thus
starting the data collection procedure.

The whole questionnaire underwent Ethical Considerations

content and criterion-related face validity.
Evaluation forms were given out to several It is stated that “are a set of principles that

experts and professional researchers, guide your research designs and practices.

including Mr. Archie Sanchez from the area of Scientists and researchers must always

Research, Mrs. Isabella Martija for Language, adhere to a certain code of conduct when

and Mrs. Loida Parulan for her expertise in collecting data from people.” (Bhandari,

speaking in English. Modifications and 2022b).

revisions were carried out per the suggestions

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate
and comments of the said professionals. As a
students' interest in picking up new
result, the questionnaire's validity and
languages. The respondents' informed
reliability have recently been established.
agreement was sought under strict

For the accessibility of the distribution and observance of respect, consideration for their

convenience of data collection, the welfare and dignity, and a focus on

questionnaires were disseminated through voluntariness. The participants gave their

the survey forms. agreement after being fully informed of all the
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terms and conditions of the project, including

English
its secrecy regarding the data it had collected. often
It was determined that their reaction would makes you
have no bearing on how they would rank happy.
academically.

When creating the survey questionnaire, 4) Being 3.3 3.1 3.26 2.6 3.33
able to 0 5
the researchers adhered to the external
speak
validity, internal validity, and reliability
English
criteria. Using statistical analysis, objectivity
gives you a
in the treatment of the data was also
feeling of
guaranteed. success.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5) 4 3.2 3.48 2.6 3.67
Speaking 5 5
Survey STE AB HUM TV A&D
English is
Questions M M MS L -
important
Spor
to you in
ts
general.

1)You 2.97 2.8 3.26 2.5 3.33

6) You 2.35 2.8 2.57 2.7 3.33
enjoy 0 5
speak 0 0
speaking
English
English
because it
will make
2) 3.22 2.7 3.43 2.7 2.67 your
Speaking 5 5 parents or
English is your
fun. teacher
proud of
you.

3) Being 3 2.7 3.35 2.6 2.67 7) You 3 3.1 3.04 2.4 3.33
able to 5 5 speak
speak
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English 5 0 to you
because because
you want you might
to do well study
on oral overseas.
tests.

11) 3.54 2.9 3.78 2.6 4

8) You 2.97 2.9 3.26 2.4 3.67 Speaking 0 5
speak 5 0 English is
English important
because to you
you want because
to you might
communic need it
ate with later for
foreigners. your job.

9) 2.89 2.8 2.87 2.3 3.33 12) You 2.35 2.5 2.87 2.8 3
Speaking 0 5 speak 0 5
English is English
important because all
to you educated
because people can
you want do that.
to make
friends
13) You 3.35 3.7 2.91 2.6 3.33
with
speak 5 0
foreigners.
English
because
you have
to do it.
10) 2.95 2.3 3.39 2.3 3
Speaking 0 5
English is 14) You 2.65 3.5 2.70 2.2 3
important think you

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speak 0 5 answer in
English English for
well. sure, you'd
still
answer out
15) You 2.35 3.3 2.78 2.2 2.67
loud in
like to 5 0
class
mimic
anyway.
other
people's
accents. 19) You 3.43 2.7 2.78 2.4 2.67
are not 5 0
worried
16) You 2.3 3.5 2.61 2.1 3
about
can mimic 0 5
making
other
mistakes
accents
when you
well.
speak
English.

17) You 3.38 2.3 2.78 2.6 3.33

think if 5 5
20) You are 2.89 2.95 3.35 2.40 2.67
you put
not afraid of
much
being
effort in
laughed at
practicing,
when you
you can
make
speak
mistakes in
English
speaking.
well.

Total mean: 2.98 3.01 2.90 2.49 3.1

18) At 2.65 2.7 2.87 2.3 3
school, if 5 0
you didn't Table 1

know how
Legend:
to give an

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1-1.49: Strongly Disagree question number eleven (11), “Speaking

English is important to you because you
1.50-2.49: Disagree
might need it later for your job” scored the

2.50-3.49: Agree highest mean being three-point seventy-eight

(3.78), which is the descriptive equivalent of
3.50-4: Strongly Agree “strongly agree”. But, their lowest scoring
question or indicator was number six (6),
“You speak English because it will make your
parents or your teacher proud”, concluding a
STEM Students: Based on the results
mean score of two-point seventy-five (2.75)
gathered from the survey, the indicator or
which is the descriptive equivalent of “agree”.
question number five (5), “Speaking is
important to you in general” scored the TVL Students: Based on the given results,
highest, having a mean of four (4) which is indicator or question number twelve (12), "
the descriptive equivalent of “strongly agree”. You speak English because all educated
The question or indicator that they have the people can do that", scored the highest mean
lowest score on, resulting in the mean score being two-point eighty five (2.85) which is the
of two-point thirty (2.30) was number sixteen descriptive equivalent of "agree", while the
(16), “You can mimic other accents well. lowest scoring indicator or question was
sixteen (16), "You can mimic other accents
ABM Students: Based on the results
well" with the mean score result of two-point
gathered from the survey, the indicator or
fifteen (2.15) which is the descriptive
question number thirteen (13), “You speak
equivalent of "disagree."
English because you have to do it”, scored the
highest, concluding a mean score of three- Arts and Design-Sports Students: Based on
point seventy-five (3.75), which is the the findings of the researchers, the indicator
descriptive equivalent of “strongly agree”. or question number eleven (11)" Speaking
However, their lowest scoring question or English is important to you because you
indicator was number ten (10); having a might need it later for your job." scored the
mean outcome of two-point thirty (2.30), highest, due to their mean of four (4), which
which is the descriptive equivalent of is the descriptive equivalent of " strongly
“disagree”. agree". The indicator or question they have
lowest mean on, according to their mean
HUMMS Students: Based on the results score of two-point sixty seven (2.67) are
gathered from the survey, indicator or number two (2) "Speaking English is fun",
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number three (3), " Being able to speak Table 2 shows that the English-Speaking
English often makes you happy", number Attitude of Grade 12 BNHS-SHS Students
fifteen (15), "You like to mimic other people's have overall positive attitudes towards
accents", number nineteen (19), "You are not speaking English because the total mean
worried about making mistakes when you score the researchers got from all strands is
speak English", and number twenty (20), " 2.90 which is the descriptive equivalent of
You are not afraid of being laughed at when “agree”. The strand with the highest rating is
you make mistakes in speaking", which is the Arts and Design-Sports, followed closely by
descriptive equivalent of "agree." ABM, then STEM, then HUMMS, and the
lowest is TVL, the only strand with a
descriptive equivalent that reached
“disagree”, a mean scoring of 2.49.
Strands Mean Descriptive
equivalent Given the results, it may be understood
that the contending views of TVL
towards English-speaking attitudes may have
been affected during online classes during the
pandemic, stating that “distance learning
STEM 2.98 Agree
approaches are now seen as a weak
substitute for practical exercises when they
ABM 3.01 Agree
require the use of equipment or materials not
usually found inside the home. In general,
HUMMS 2.90 Agree however, TVL specializations that struggle
most with adjustment to distance learning
TVL 2.49 Disagree are those that depend heavily on learning-by-
doing.” (Galias, J. F. T. 2021).

A&D-Sports 3.1 Agree Furthermore, the study that inspired the

researchers to pursue this topic concluded
that the students in their research have
overall positive attitudes towards speaking
Total Mean: 2.90 Agree
English (Canceran & Malenab-Temporal,
2018), which has the same results as the
Table number 2
researchers’ findings. Both studies also find
that the students with both high and low
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mean scores in rating their attitude towards
speaking English agreed that
improve their attitudes towards speaking
English given that they can practice.
Although, a study that used Grade 9
students as respondents concluded that the
Grade 9 students had a negative attitude
towards English as a subject in general,
specifically they had difficulties
activities that required speaking ability and
mental adaptability like debates (Colaste,
2018).
of speaking fluent English that may help
they can them in the near or far future.
Furthermore, the study obtained
quantitative results, and from the results
obtained, it concluded that the Grade 12
students of Bataan National High School have
positive attitudes toward speaking English;
they generally enjoy and find success in
during speaking English and further introspection
finds that they agree with the notion that
practicing speaking English can improve their
English speaking skills.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The researchers would like to recommend

that other researchers continue studies about
This study was made to assess the
this certain topic and expand it further with
English-speaking attitude of Grade 12 Bataan
new areas to look into; comparing other
National High School-Senior High School
strands to each other, looking into the
students and they want to use these results
profiles of the respondents, and better
as a basis for developing a program that will
programs that could benefit schools,
help enhance or improve their attitudes
especially students.
towards speaking English. The researchers
wanted to know the attitudes of Grade 12 With the collected data, the study would
students towards speaking English because like to propose a basic special program in the
the language is important in not just passing Developing Enhancement of students'
and excelling in most subjects, but can also attitudes toward speaking English. The idea
be incredibly useful and important in future of this program was influenced by the
careers and opportunities that the students researchers' past strand when they were in
might face or encounter; the researchers also Junior High School, which is SPFL specialized
wanted to devise a program that can help foreign language. In this program the
these Grade 12 students to progress their researchers would have different activities
attitudes towards speaking English so they such as writing, listening, and speaking
may be more confident and willing to speak through the English language to enhance
the language, so they may have the advantage their English-speaking skills. In addition, the

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researchers would also have an open forum https://www.chanrobles.com/executiveorder

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View of English Language Exposure of
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Students in Visayas State University. (n.d.).
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