NAME: ALEXANDRA FAYE LOCSIN LEGO

SECTION: UI-FA2-BSCE2-1

CHE 025
CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS
FINALS LABORATORY ACTIVITY

The equation relating these three factors is ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where G represents free energy, H
represents entalphy, S represents entropy, and T is temperature (in Kelvin). Although temperature
values will always be positive, enthalpy, entropy, and free energy values can be positive or
negative.

For a given process, a quantitative value for each factor can be calculated using the known values
of the factors for each reactant and product involved (see table 1) according to the general
equation:
∆ X ° rxn=∑ n ∆ X °( products)−∑ n ∆ X ° (reactants)

MATERIALS
Vinegar Baking soda Plastic spoon

PART I: BAKING SODA AND VINEGAR

PROCEDURE: Put about 30 mL of vinegar in a cup. While holding the bottom of the cup firmly,
add a spoon or two of baking soda to the cup. Respond the following questions as they apply to
this system.

QUESTIONS:
1. What do you observe through sight, sound, and touch?
- I observed that as we pour the baking soda in the vinegar the mixture solution begins to
have a reaction. In terms of sight the mixture forms bubbles which creates a sound of
sizzling sound or like opening a bottle of soda which the gas being formed also popped.
And the cup also feels cold when the baking soda was added to the vinegar.

2. Is this physical or chemical change? Justify your answer.

- The production of gas is one of the signs that the solution of having a chemical reaction
therefore, it is a chemical change.

3. What are the two components of vinegar?

- The two components of the vinegar are water and acetic acid.
4. What is one component of baking soda?
 - We can definitely say that the baking soda is a pure substance which consist of white ionic
salt called sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.

5. The overall equation and the net ionic equation for the process occurring when vinegar and
baking soda are combined.

Explain the entropy change for the system observed in this reaction. Your response should state
your claim, include observational evidence, and explain your reasoning. Calculate the entropy
change for the net ionic equation, use the entropy data from Table 1. Does the calculation support
your entropy claim above?

- The production of a gas from an aqueous solution causes an increase in disorder in this
reaction. Since the gas bubbles generated have more condition than the solid and aqueous
reactants, the sign of the entropy change will be positive(+)._

6. Explain the enthalpy change for the system observed in this reaction. Your response should
state your claim, include observational evidence, and explain your reasoning. Calculate the
enthalpy change for the net ionic equation, use the entropy data from Table 1. Does the
calculation support your enthalpy claim above?

- Because the reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings and pulls it into the system, the
cup, as part of the surroundings, feels cold. When the heat from your surroundings, whether
it's the cup or your hand, it feels cold. Because the system is absorbing heat from its
surroundings, the sign of the enthalpy term ΔH will be positive, indicating that the reaction is
endothermic.

7. Explain the free energy change for the system observed in this reaction. Your response should
state your claim, include observational evidence, and explain your reasoning. Calculate the free
energy change for the net ionic equation, use the free energy data from Table 1. Does the
calculation support your free energy claim above?

- This reaction is thermodynamically advantageous. It is occurring at room temperature

instantaneously without such removal or addition of any energy. The presence of gas
indicates that the system is working. This reaction has a ΔG negative value.

DOCUMENTATION DURING THE EXPERIMENT: