Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2021
Subject Code:2171914 Date:03/08/2021
Subject Name:Gas Dynamics
Time:10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
4. Use of gas table is permitted.

Marks
Q.1 (a) Discuss the effect of Mach number on compressibility 03

(b) What are the various types of wind tunnels used for low and high speed 04
testing of models? Describe briefly the special problems of the supersonic
tunnels.
(c) Define the following terms: 07
(1) Stagnation pressure, (2) Stagnation temperature, (3) Critical
temperature, (4) Stagnation velocity of sound, (5) Mach number, (6)
Critical velocity, (7) Maximum velocity.

Q.2 What the

(a) Define are following
the variousterms
typeswith
of wind
neat tunnels
sketch: used for low and high 03
speed
(1) testing
Mach cone of
(2)models? Describe
Mach angle briefly
(3) Zone the special
of action problems
and Zone of the
of silence
supersonic tunnels.
(b) Derive the following relations for one-dimensional isentropic flow: 04
𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑝
What are the various types of=wind 2
(1 − 𝑀2used
tunnels ) for low and high
𝐴 ρc
speed testing of models? Describe briefly the special problems of the
supersonic
(c) The pressure,tunnels.
velocity and temperature of air at entry to a nozzle are 200 07
kPa, 145 m/s and 330 K. The exit pressure is 150 kPa. What is the shape
of the nozzle? Determine the Mach number at entry and exit, the flow
rate per unit area at inlet, assuming the flow to be isentropic. Take γ=1.4
for the air. Use the following isentropic flow table.
M T/T0 P/P0
0.16 0.99490 0.98228
0.18 0.99356 0.97765
0.40 0.96899 0.89562
0.76 0.89644 0.68207
0.78 0.89152 0.66905
OR
(c) Air at a pressure of 3bar and temperature of 500 K flows with a velocity 07
of 200 m/sec in 300 mm diameter duct. Calculate:
(1) Mass flow rate
(2) Stagnation temperature
(3) Mach number
(4) Stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible and
incompressible.
Take Cp= 1.05 kJ/kg-K and γ = 1.38.
Q.3 (a) Write the governing equations to study behavior of shock wave. 03

1
 (b) Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal shock, 04
obtain the Prandtl Mayer relation,
𝑀∗ 𝑥 . 𝑀∗𝑦 = 1
(c) Derive the expression for the pressure ratio, across normal shock in 07
terms of density ratio (Rankine Hugoniot expression).
OR
Q.3 (a) What is shock wave? State the assumptions for studying normal shock 03
wave.
(b) Derive the following relation for flow through a normal shock, 04
2 [2⁄(γ − 1)] + 𝑀𝑥 2
𝑀𝑦 =
[2γ⁄(γ − 1)]𝑀𝑥 2 − 1
(c) A compression shock occurs in a divergent air flow passage. On the 07
upstream side of the shock, the velocity of air is 400 m/s and the
pressure and temperature are 0.2 MPa and 35°C respectively.
Determine-
(1) Mach number and air velocity on the downstream side of the shock
(2) Change in entropy per unit mass of air as a result of shock.
Take γ=1.4 for the air.
Normal Shocks Tables (γ=1.4):
Mx My Py/Px Ty/Tx Poy/Pox
1.14 0.822 1.3495 1.0903 0.9970
Q.4 (a) State the governing equations of Fanno flow. What are the assumptions 03
made in deriving equations for Fanno flow?
(b) Show that the upper and lower branches of a Fanno curve represent 04
subsonic and supersonic flows respectively.
Prove that at the maximum entropy point Mach number is unity and all
processes approach this point.
(c) Explain the direction of isothermal flow process with friction with neat 07
T-s diagram.
OR
Q.4 (a) Define Fanno flow process and give practical examples of Fanno flow. 03
(b) Derive an equation describing a Fanno curve. Show three Fanno curves 04
on temperature v/s entropy coordinates at three mass flow densities.
(c) Air flows through an insulated circular pipe at a rate of 495 kg/minute. 07
The pressure, temperature and Mach number of air at entrance to the
pipe are 0.3 MPa, 27°C and 0.15 respectively. The coefficient of
friction for the pipe is assumed constant and its value is 0.005. If the
Mach number at exit is 0.5, determine (i) the diameter of the pipe (ii)
the length of the pipe (iii) pressure and temperature of air at the exit of
the pipe.
Take γ=1.4 for the air.
Fanno Flow Tables (γ=1.4):
M T/T* P/P* 4fLmax/D
0.14 1.195314 7.809317 32.51131
0.16 1.193887 6.829072 24.19783
0.50 1.142857 2.138090 1.069060
Q.5 (a) Represent Rayleigh flow process on h - s diagram. Show locus of stagnation 03
enthalpy and Maximum entropy also.
(b) Explain the mechanism of energy conversion in Rayleigh flow. 04
(1) When a subsonic flow is heated,
(2) When a supersonic flow is cooled.

2
 (c) Derive the equation of maximum non-dimensional heat transfer rate in 07
Rayleigh flow process. Also obtain the value of supersonic mach number for
the same maximum heat transfer.
OR
Q.5 (a) Enlist three flow situations where Rayleigh flow analysis is applicable. 03
(b) How the enthalpy changes in the Rayleigh flow when heat addition continues 04
beyond maximum enthalpy point?
(c) Prove that Mach numbers at the maximum enthalpy and maximum entropy 07
points on the Rayleigh line are 1⁄ and 1.0 respectively. Show the
√𝛾
h=constant and s=constant lines at these points on the Rayleigh line on the h-s
and p-v planes.

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