Spur gears are one of the simplest and most commonly used types of gears in mechanical

systems. Here are some key points to note about spur gears:

Tooth Geometry: Spur gears have straight teeth that are parallel to the gear's axis of rotation.
This simple tooth geometry makes them easy to manufacture and is one of the reasons for
their widespread use.

Contact: Spur gears engage with each other with a single point of contact between each tooth,
leading to higher stress concentrations at this point. This can result in noise and wear,
especially when operating at high speeds or under heavy loads.

Efficiency: Spur gears are known for their high efficiency. Because of the simplicity of their
tooth design and the direct line of force transmission, they typically have low friction and
minimal energy loss during operation.

Direction of Rotation: Spur gears can be used to transmit motion between parallel shafts, and
they can have either the same or opposite directions of rotation, depending on how they are
meshed. This versatility in direction makes them suitable for various applications.

Noise and Vibration: Due to the single-point contact between teeth, spur gears can produce a
characteristic whining noise, especially at high speeds. To reduce noise, helical gears (which
have angled teeth) are often used as an alternative.

Applications: Spur gears are used in a wide range of applications, including machinery,
vehicles, clocks, and more. They are commonly found in applications where noise is not a
critical factor, and where simplicity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness are important.

Gear Ratio: The gear ratio in spur gears is determined by the number of teeth on each gear.
The ratio is calculated by dividing the number of teeth on the driven gear by the number of
teeth on the driving gear. This ratio determines the speed and torque relationship between the
input and output shafts.

Manufacturing: Spur gears are relatively easy to manufacture using standard gear-cutting
processes. This makes them cost-effective and readily available in various sizes and
materials.