MAT'H-I (B$-M301).

Dote%22/H2023
&e meßte8

Orsoballty
()Reowhance helction.
Pyobabty
Randorm erpementg Acondgm ezpemert s dethed ay n
cehe Kiun but
ezpement uhoge outcorneg
Cont phedict the exact outoom e.

Erent The outlomeg ot an epehiment oe Known al

evevtg.

Thlal Any pa, 1euah, petotmcgnee of a cndom epefimert

18 called tial.
mpoble eent Impo 8ble evend 13. m. evert uth mo
chance of
Certam evert An event uhoße ocov97enee
78100-/'ee,
hoße eventg cone ealed eerton evertg. hobabiRty of
Buoh om evendt 8 alua 1.
Mutuall ercuive, everto Tuo event& coe Bd to ie
imtuay erousive f heg cnnot oceua t ie Bome
tme on GmutneouslRe ahe lßo cted the disin
evertß. So he pobabilty of both ererty t he kome
tome ul be Zo.
PCANG)Ol Agmd B. e tuio pmuctualy eelugle
event. A,
Independent event IndepeBent event c¡ne thoe ent
uhoe oceuenemee 8 mot dependent om othes event.

PCAAN8) PA) Pe), wkere Aand Bee mdependent

erentg.
 Favonable eventß
haoun, then ke mumtes of
favoerable evert of gettng9 a Bum 5 18 foug Re.,
(4,),(2,3),(3,2) and (4,1).
Sample Saoe "THe Set ot al posble outermel
mevert 8 8ad to be Bomple &pace.
Eacomple3 Raoung a dree ’ S-1,2,3,t5, 6
So m(S) = 6.

OPeobablAIAy of olng a matfemtal problem b xX?

ne of tien Can olve.
rse Let, A,A2j Aa te tke evert to Bolve the
matkenatial problen by ,Y and Z
PCAs) =1/3)
PAg) 3/4.
Nöu, Biet B betRe everttt ex·ety One of
Rem ull, Sodve tfe poblem.

P(E). PCALAgAg +AiAgA} 4ALAA,)

PPCE)-PCA AjA) +PCA AsA) +PCA;'AS
AAgAs)- PCASAg A As)-PCAAiA[n
NAÍAAs)-PCA;AZAs NAsA,A3)
+PCAAsA NAAsAyn AjAS A3)
P(E) - PCAj AgAs)+PCA AgAi) +PCAAg As)
)PCE)- PCA) PCA) PCAS) +PA;) PCA, PAS )+PCA!) PCA;
3 PCE)> 2/g* (1-43) x(1-3/4)+ -412)x /3x (1-314)+
(1-419)x(1-4j3)x 34 t42
+t-1ans,)
12 42
 AB

mCAUS) = M(A)+n(8)-n(ANB)
’m (AUB) mCA)
mcs) n(s) n(8)nçANE)/
s) C)
PAUB) = PCA) +PCE) -P CAN8)
PhobabiAty of evert= Mo. of pont
event
n tke fvomable
mo. of poitg m conple SpAe
PCAUBUe) PAtPCB) +PCC) - PCANB)- PCene)-PeNA) +PANBNn)
ANB

A B
AneDc Bne
CAA

PCAUA) PA)+PCA')-PCANA) A

A AB+ AB'. E
P) PCAB+AB')
= PCAB) +PCAB')-PCABNAË')
= PCAB) + PAB').
Ba AB+ A'B
PCB) PCAB+A'3)
P(AB) + PCA'B)#- PCABNA'B)I
2 PCAB)+ PCA'B),
 T4 ketthee e eventg A md B re mdepnk
condA?on 8PCA) =0.1, PB)0.4 ad
by g?vhg he
PCAVB)= 0.8.
We Kmomy
An88 PAUB) - PA) + PB) - PCANB)
’o.8 0.4+0.9-PANB) n
PCANB) o.#-0.8 O.3

PCA PB 0.4x0.7 2O.28 +PCANB)

As, PANB)4 PCA) PCB), So, A nd B ane mot hepersdert
eventg.
OToung a pli of Roe, wh t 3 ke phobab?y to
get the n of the pt% i8 pene.
Ars A A =f4,2,3,4,5,6}
B f4,2,,f,5,6
ot diae, ke po?ble
If we herou a pai of
outcomeS oe: ('ua
ica,i,a9),(4,3),(4),(1,5), (1,6)(2,1),e,),
(2,3),(24), 9,5), (2,, A(3.1), (3,), 3,3),
(3,),(3,5), (3,6), 4,4), (4,9,4,3), 4),(4,5),
C4, 6), (5,), (59.(53,(5), (5,5), (5,),(6),
(6,2).(,3),6,4), (G5), (e,);
Total mo. of outeme = 36
Let Abe the erent of getmg the Bum ot i
pah iz Patme,
15 5
PCA) 36 5
(4) Ckoe fom 1, to 100 mdomy. Fhd te
Port ege
Phobabu9 that te mcmbes Rs dRrg6le by 4 éd ,.
Ano C.M. otf, 4 ond 638 =12.
O, tie outeomeg e 12,24, 36, 48,60, q2, 4, 96.

Let Abe tke erent thct the mteg e, diBPWe

amd Bbe te evert tht the rtegen î8
chRble by 6.
PA) 24 nd P(B). 16
100 100

P(AN8) =
. "The phobabil?Ay thet the muonb 8 divSRble
4o6 g PCAUB) 2 PA)+PC8)- PCANB)
- 24
2 16 8
16
100 100 10o

25
LO
Show, Rat, the phobabiARty of ea ctly one of i
event Aand B ocesg? PCA)+ PCB)-2PAB).
Ang% Let, c be he erert tfodt exaty one f Re
Aand B occus. event
C= AB+ AB

PCcj- PCAB+ Ae)

Pe) plcAB)+PC
9 PCc) PCABD+PCAB)
9 PC) WDNPHBSECEA PCA) - PCAB)+PCB) -PCPB)
’ PCC). P(A) +P(B) - 2P(AB). (Phowe d)
 5 enge nd B Speakg

to onthadot m t atng ARe Bame

fact.
An8a Let,c be e enent that Rey kely to
Contdiet o Stutng tRe Some -faet

’PCe) P(AB+ AB)

PCc) > PCAB) +PCAB) - PCAB#) AB)
PCe) PCAE)+PC
Pe) P(A) PCE)+P( PCB)
100 100
3
-X

20
DPC) 3. +
20

PCe) 3+4
20

20
Cond?tfonal PoobabfA?ty
I#If we Congd tuo eent A ond B, tken t
1g8 deffned bË PAIB) P(AN)
PCe)
be defmed by PCBIA) PCANB)
A
1) In a hotel, ?t g ob8eved h t 5l% cugtome
ye male, 35o cugtomes he vagett in amd 15o
male etome8 e vegetenun. What i9 tRe pobabi}h
of a eugtme, 8 vegeteBan Knouêr that he R
male, aso fnd the pobabilty of a cutom e
P8 male Knoung hat ke. ?8 a
Hrse Let, A be the eet t t he eugtomeh i8
male
amd B be te evat thot tRe eutom e 18
vegetoin.
PCA)- 65 nd PCB)35
100 100
15
100

Probab?y of aetomey $3 vegetzo Korowtrg

that Re 98 male = P(BÍA) PANB)
PCA)

153

Probabi A4y of a cugtomey ?85 male

Re t8 vegetisRn a PCAIB) PCANB)
PCB)
15 400
35/400
163
(2) If A nd B e tuo mdepen dent eventg uhee
PCA)2% P(B) 3/s ken tmd OPCA+0), 0pan
PCÃ), PCAE).
Angg Srm oe, A ond B re tuo fndependert eventg,
we an wte? PCANB)= PCA)PCB).
DPCA +)= PCA)+ PCB) -P(ANB)
= PCA)+ PCe) PA P(B)
2+ 3
3

10+9-6

13
15

Nbu, f 4 condB e ndependent event8,8o

$molaoly Aond B Oe ago ndependent evertä.
@P CAIE) . PCANB) EGHPEB)] PCAB)
PPB

2.PA)PE8) '1-241
33

()PCAB)- PA) P(8) (1-2j*)

21

(1-9/5)
1.
15
 A Bee holled tußce and the umm t the nutnbe,
on them 8 obgeed to be . Wht ?2 h
ConARonal pobabiU?A thot the mumbe 2 hog afpeed

Ans A= (1,6),(5), (5,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1)%

uhese A % the event hat the Sn of the muonberß
appeatn9 n the dPee P8 obBeved to be 4.
Lset, 8PA he eret Rot nmb 2 %appeßed at
leat onee.
An82 C5,), (2,5)}
, PCelA) PCANE) s6/36 1.
PCA)
(Re probab? 8y tht a ceetam peßon ail bg a:
B t g o.2 and te pobab?Aty tht he ul buy a
touses 8 0.3 THe paobabity Rot he u?l by aa art
gren tRat he buy a touse 18 0.4. Fnd the probabika=
hot Re ull b bof s9tand touse nd|the
Phobabty that Re usl buy he trouse gRven tht he

Ang3 Let, A,bethe event thot a eetan peRn

a t, Bbe he,evert tRat he ulL by a
thouz.
.

BCA O,2, nd PCB)=0.31 +

Nou, t sgiven fat, he uku buya tast gven t Re
buyß a trouge,13 0.4,s
So, PCAIB)- PCANBo.4
PC)

3 PCAnB)AO. 12.
Axo.3
given
3. TPe phobab?ty thut Re uell by tÊe trouge
12
O.1o.6.
tht he buy% ash9t = RB/A). PCAnB)
PCA)
O.2
 ER1

Ea)-{Ea
(1) A' cnd¡m veRable x kag the toloumg dratbut
X o 1|2|3|4ls16
Poo|KBK5K|9kk113k
OFnd the value of k.
0 Fhd he men and vooin e of he given data.
Fnd PA3P( 42)and Pa).
no A3 me Knou, EPj 1
o
K+3K+5K + 4k+ 9Kt1K +13Ke 1
’ 49kz1
K
) Meon 2 ZAiPe oxK+1x 3K+ 2x5K+ 3x4K+49K+5xk
t 6x13K
a 3K+ 10K +91K+ 36K+ 55k+48K
203k 203 z 4.14Bo).
49
Ea). 1 P a OxK+1xzK+ 4%SK+9 X4K+ 16x9K
25xK+36 x 13K
2 A3K 2 2 19. &6

19. 8G- (414)B

2.42
 )PCX>3) P(- 44P(1 * 5)+ P(A-6)
9K+ HK+13K
33K 33

Pac2)2 P(130) +P(a"1)

2
Kt 3K 2 4K e 4
49
9
49
2 Tuo bad eg acetdertaly mred utt ten good
oneß. THee e9% ae dhaun at andon uG eplace
-ment thom tRe plate Compte the men md eh+nee
to the mo. of bad ecp daum. I.l
AnTotal mo. of eß 12
Tbtal mo. ot un 212ez
No. of god egg 10
No. of bad eg.2
bad

2co
12 es
221- m bad
P) = 102,x2c1 2, O,44
12e,
22 Tus bad e Peo .s0.41fo.o4s
Pa)
9045
12e
Men aFa) 0.41+O.09 0.5
E(42) 2 0.41 +0. 18 - o.52.
Vo (a) FE) -,E02.o.59- 0.5. 0. o9,
 Fnd tRe men amd wehan oe of the outemez.

Angg
4/6

Mean a

24

2
-91 =15. 19
2
23.5=E).
Ven (2) 2
z 15.19- 12.25
2-92.

4 A dig09, ete ndom váfable X akeg value fhom 1 t

5 uY phobabiyt a houn nthe table. A3tudent
Calelate te meam 3.5 cnd the teoohe aleuLate
he var) as 15, &o that Re teaehe, and Bhidert
Ûe both urong.
12|3|4|5
Pp.ah|o.4o2 o.4
Ar3 Mexn 2 0.1+ 0.4+1.2+0.8+0.5 -3EG)
Ea)z 0.140.8+ 3.6+3.2+2.5K
- 10.2

2 10.2-9 a 12.
 Let,, X be a 9ndom vaiable n d E! be Re epe
then P ) 8the dstobetom functin.

O12 3 4 56 7 M
F() 402, ocr<4
-M

Fa) 3, 14a<2
10
2(1<3
10
F) 3<2<4
10
4<a<5
100
832, 5<xKG!-+I
100

Fa)."
the
Q8 Fnd the pPobabil?ty dtbut¡n fon etPom fo
folloung drgtfbutlon
1|23 4 5 6
A

Pa K 3K5k
|3k
1
49
4 o<2<1
49
14442
49
F). 16
4912

4 5
Fa) Z06, 44xK5
49
Fa)a 1 )
 Cortigtuo de fe ote Co.0 Ftnd the posobasit
ARtRhaton of defee Coh 8 and ) Fnd he expenks
no. of defeetre .
Ars Ttal no. of cas 6
Tortal no. of defeetf Cog= 2

We hae to chooe 3 eo.

md 0 defet fre an> 4e,*2e,
S mo- defe ot?ve ca
Geg
o- defèethe 'Cuo and 1 defeetre ce)
Aes
1mo- defecte Coo and 2 defeve eo 2
Ac4xe HILG

6e
. Pobab?ty J?ORbutt¡m of defe tre eOS

Pa)/5

Phobab?Nity den& funotiom

Afonctißn fO ls 8d to be PDF f)da-1
Cortnuou eaße esettfon &
2 be ie oidom voniable

Vesinee (69 Ea)- SE22.

deviatm
3tondrd = +\vÛ Ca}
Note Vafon ee ot ny Cotot 8 2070,

Von Ctb) ålo ().

 ?3 a
6 (1-) dfned ove (0,1)ont
P8 36oue h t , f »
e nd dPAt5Rbut?n
Rf. Rmd the mean, Vofan
Ansf: Gz (1-) , ocA<1
otheuse

[3-- 1.
B a pdf.
Bo, fa) > Ga(1-) defned ove 0,1)
Mean a EG) fod
1

3
2

-(-)
Vaninee )

3
6-5 . 1
20 20
 J - ) de

Z Jo
Mt.

-(3*1-)
2. 1.
D8 rnd he mean, Vaofen ee,aded devitom d d?ADibution
fncton for the PAf fa 1c+) -1<441
othee.
Men E)a
And
Safasde .1at1) de'1
-1

2 (
1
-1

( 4)

1 1
3
Veianee )a VerA)" E)- Eko*
3
3-1

Stm ded deviion +voa). t2/4 2. 3

CongRde a poroba bil?y dernity fnctom,

-1 <Z1

otheuze
Fndthe d9t?but Pon funtfon.
-1<2<o
-1 1

-00
-1
2

-00 -1

-1

22

N
(1°-)

-1

J.
 2

(a41).

1
J
-00
-1 1

1
2

-1

2 +
. "Re phoba biagt dstfbdlom feton 9
Fa) o,-o(<
1 (2-2).

d>1
The hnd¡m VRable x hag the ptf
-

aa+ba 0<2<1

a andb.
(b nd P(<
ngg We Knou that,
Jfa) dz =1
caatbz) d 1

BT]-1
3a+2b
z1

3a+2b

IA 8 Rren thot, E0D.6

J f d z 0.6

faCaat bz)dz 0.6

1
S"Ca ba3) d 0.G

+
3

4a+ 3b o.G

3 4a+3ba 7. 2

SodnA eguationg Dand D,we get,

3a+25 6 x3
4at 3b - 4.2 - 0 x2
9a+6p a 18
Satkb 14.4
2 3.6

b - 2.4.
Ang3 a 3. G nd be-2.4.
Jfoda
412 (3.6*-24)d
6

Jo

[1.82- 0.8131"
.45o.1
K8

0.45- 0.1
0.36

Angg P(A <1/3) So.35.

Ea) fao
(3. Gx-2.4 da
(3.613 2.44) de
3.6x1
4

3.6 2.4
5
o.9- '2.4
5
1A (G4.5-2.4
5
3R que ng
RAL ofa gupermohet ha pno babBlt
demgty fm otfon
fa) 332 os1KK
K
O Fmd the yalue of Ky
0 Cal eul ate men yefan ce.
3 o<ASK

otheue
We Know thot,

32
3
32

32
k3
. 323
3K2 2x3 32

4 Ansa TRe value of k i34.

". f 22 ac4-)"(#a-1),
3
s464
Men E0.
 39-4
32
6-64
3,a2

A 9 5 6 - g04.8t7
32

3x51.2
32
(. i
4.8
-

Vai() Vaianee
4.8- (1)2

Ar3Men 1 and vaion de =3.8

BrnomiaL DRRbton (
Suppoke, the phobabiLRAY of uae a P(.
con d the phobab?9y of -fa8lun- 4
P+41
uuhre
Mean of the bngmial rtibutlon mp nd voim ee
7mPt. So, tan dÛrd deviaton t n p , k e mamo. of
of A#g @tmogt f e tne ,6) t leatt fa.
and eaetky omee, If Ke f e o tkt
*ie phob bRAty of Bratmg fmdtanget cctlenst nee
is ghete, n 3/4, then fhd.

8, P
P+41

hobub?Ay of Brtng the teogetatmagt fre

@ProbbilIy
tmel= PCAD <5) = 1-Pa5)
= 1- Pa)
6

q29-1

q28
929
robabRAy of h?A4ng tke twget at et fre times

Ge 1.
243t429
2 13
q99
 9
fobabRAPAY of Brtng a troget exaety onee is
G-1

243

Te ppokab?4ky of Brttng e taoget otlest onee

9 PC 1) > 3 ta!
1- PCAK1)>3

’ 1- Pa=)>3

1->

1 >
3
9 3"> 2".4
3>gH2
o z 4=Mo., of t a g rehed.

(2) F a binomfal drtbhtfo to e folloutng data uhen

to8n9 5 oms.
2O 123|45
f|214|2034 22
14+40 1o + 88 +40 284 . 2.84.

72 mp 2.84 =5*P Pa 0.568 0.57.

ta1-p 2 1- O.54 = 0. 43.
PCx=) o.59? Co.43) 005
PC=1)= 5n. Co.59). (o.43 T.1
PCA ) . eg
5eo-o.51) . 43) o.26
Pea3) > 5ea-(o.s)co.43)=, 0,34
Pa 4)5,.(o. 54)7. (o. 43 ò..23
2

Ð. o
Pa5) - So-(o.
2
sa )5, Co. 43)= a.oo
(0.57).

1 2 3
0
f al.51oe 26 34 3