[Materials]

Varieties and Applications 1

1.General Steel Materials 3.Aluminum Alloy Materials

Type Material Code Applications Comment JIS Flat Bar Square Bar Hexagonal Bar Round Bar Steel Plate Section Steel Type Material Code Applications Comment JIS Flat Bar Square Bar Hexagonal Bar Round Bar Section Steel
Rolled Steel for 1018 Carbon General Machine Parts Fine Workability and Weldability JIS G 3101 O O O O O
General Structure Steel Al−Cu Free-Cutting Alloy. It excels in machinability
A2011 General-Use Strength Materials but has worse corrosion resistance. Good
Alloy
Polished Steel Bar Excellent Precision and Surface
JIS-SS400D General Machine Parts Roughness. Ready for use − O O O O Al−Cu
(Cold-Drawn) A2017 General-Use Strength Materials High Strength and Machinability Duralumin Good Good Good
directly after slight cutting. Alloy
Al−M General Machine Most typical aluminum alloy with medium strength.
1045 Carbon Fit for Hardening A5052 With high fatigue strength in comparison with its Good Good
Steel Tensile Strength 58kgf/mm2 Alloy Parts Covers, cases, etc. strength and high corrosion resistance to seawater.
Carbon Steel for
Machine Structural Use General Machine Parts JIS G 4051 O O O O O Al−M It has fine machined surface and high corrosion
1049 Carbon Fit for Hardening A5056 General Machine Parts resistance to seawater. It has fine machined surface JIS H 4000 Good
Steel Tensile Strength 66kgf/mm2 Alloy and high corrosion resistance to seawater.

W1-9 Tool For Drill Rod (Round Bar) SK4 Al−M −Si Heat-treated corrosion resisting alloy.
O O A6061 General Machine Parts High durability owing to T6 treatment. Good Good
Steel surface-finished after cold drawing. Alloy
Carbon Tool Steel Shafts, Pins, etc. Class 7(−DG7)=h7 JIS G 4401 Al−M −Si General Machine Weaker than 6061, but more extrudable. Applicable
W1-8 Tool Class 8(−DG8)=h8 A6063 to complex cross-sections shapes. Good corrosion Good Good Good
Steel O O O Alloy Parts and Structural Material resistance and surface treatment.
Class 9(−DG9)=h9.
Al−Zn−M It is one of the strongest aluminum alloys but has
JIS-SKS93 Alloy A7075 Jigs and Dies Good
worse corrosion resistance. Extra Super Duralumin
Alloy Tool Steel Hardening Parts Deformation caused by Hardening
is much less than that of SK material. JIS G 4404 O O O
01 Tool Steel JIS Acronyms for Non-Ferrous Metal
4137 Alloy P Plate, Strip, Disk TW Welded Tube
Steel Tensile Strength 70kgf/mm2, PC Laminate TWA Arc-Welded Tube
Chrome SCM415 Alloy General machine Parts Tensile Strength after Hardening BE Extruded Bar S Extruded Section
Molybdenum Steel Steel requiring strength. & tempering: 95 kgf/mm2 or JIS G 4105 O O O O O
Screws, etc. more. Hardness: HB270 or more. BD Drawn Bar BR Riveted Bar
Hardening: HRC50 or more. W Drawn Wire FD Die-Forged Part
JIS-SCM420
TE Seamless Extruded Tube FH Free-Forged Part
1212 Carbon Made of carbon steel plus TD Seamless Drawn Tube
Steel sulfur to enhance machinability.
Sulfuric and Sulfur
12L13 Carbon General Machine Parts
Compound Free
Steel (Free-Cutting steel) Free-Cutting Steel
JIS G 4804 O O O Quality Codes for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
Cutting Steel
12L14 Carbon containing sulfur and lead. Code Definition Description
Steel
F Plain Manufactured Material Completed as a product, without any order for thermal refining. Extruded or forged material,
High Carbon 52100 Roller bearings, etc. Bearing Steel JIS G 4805 O not thermally refined.
Chrome Bearing Steel Bearing Steel
H112 Wrought material, for which certain mechanical properties are guaranteed without the need of hardening.
Rolled at an almost ambient temperature. Brought into the softest state by Completely re-crystallized by annealing. A thermally treated alloy should be cooled at a temperature
Cold-Rolled Low Carbon High dimensional precision and fair texture. O annealing. below the annealing temperature to prevent the effect of annealing completely.
Steel Plate Steel Covers, cases, etc. JIS G 3141 O
Fine machinability. Easy to bend, wring and cut.
Fine Weldability. H1n Hardened by cold working.
n is a numeral from 1 to 9, representing the degree of hardening. "8" represents hard material, and "4"
H H2n Hardened and then properly softened by heat. represents the state halfway 1/2 between 0 and hard material. "2" represents the level halfway
Hot-Rolled Steel Plate Low
Steel
Carbon General machine
structural parts.
Plates for general use are
6 mm or less in thickness. JIS G 3131 O H3n Stabilized after cold working.
between 0 and 1/2 hardness, and "6" the state halfway between 1/2 hardness and hard material.

2. Stainless Steel Materials T1 Cooled after high-temperature working Quenched at the end of a cold working process and allowed to age and harden at ambient temperature. Extruded material
is typical material processed in this way. Cold working such as correction may be conducted unless it affects the strength.
and then allowed to age naturally. Used for an alloy such as 6063, for which the effect of quenching can be realized by cooling after hot working (extrusion).
Type Material Code Applications Comment Magnetism JIS Flat Bar Square Bar Hexagonal Bar Round Bar Steel Plate Section Steel
Allowed to age naturally after solution Cold working is conducted for plates, rods, tubes, etc. to enhance the strength in some cases, and
Austenite 303 Stainless Machine parts 18-8 Free-Cutting Stainless Steel, Non- None* T3 to improve the corrective dimension precision in other cases, with an obvious effect. T361 when
Steel requiring antirusting Magnetic. More Machinable than SUS304 Good Good treatment and cold working. cold working is performed to a higher degree than that for T3.
304 Stainless Machine parts Most Versatile Antirusting and Heat- None*
Austenite Good Good Good Good Good Good Cold working is conducted to enhance the strength after solution treatment, and then it is tension
Steel requiring antirusting Resisting Steel for General Use T351 Allowed to age naturally after solution
treatment and cold working. processed to give 1.5% to 3% permanent distortion to remove residual tension, and allowed to age naturally.
Austenite 316 Stainless Machine parts More resisting to seawater and other None* JIS G 4303~ Good Good Good
Steel requiring antirusting media than SUS304. Aging is usually completed after exposure to ambient temperature for approx. 4 days. In the case of 7NO1,
440C Stainless T4 Natural aging after solution treatment however, aging is a longer process. The tensile property upon the elapse of one month is adopted as
Martensite Machine parts requiring antirusting Fit for Hardening. Available Good referential data. The variety that is given T4 treatment by a user under specified conditions is called T42.
Steel (Less corrosion resistant than austenite.)
Hardened through artificial aging after Hardened through artificial aging to improve the mechanical properties and stabilize the dimensions. Used for an alloy
410 Stainless Machine parts requiring antirusting T5 high-temperature processing and quenching or casting such as 6063, for which the effect of quenching can be realized by cooling after hot working (extrusion).
Martensite
Steel (Less corrosion resistant than austenite.) Fit for Hardening. Fine Machinability. Available Good
T6 Hardened through artificial aging Excellent strength can be attained for a thermally treated alloy without cold working in the typical heat
*EMartensite exhibits magnetic properties. Machining of Austenite may cause magnetic properties. after solution treatment. treatment process. An item that is given T6 treatment by a user under specified conditions is called T62.
<Reference: Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel> T Wrought Materials:
1018 Carbon Steel 440C Stainless Steel 304 Stainless Steel 316 Stainless Steel *G−STAR
Hardened through artificial aging Quenched with lukewarm water to prevent distortion due to the main hardening.
Testing Method T61 after solution treatment by
quenching with lukewarm water. The
conditions for hardening through artificial aging are adjusted to attain strength exceeding that
Conforms to the JIS H 8502 Cycle Test accomplished by regular T6 treatment.
Method as a complex corrosion test Before test Casting:Tempered after hardening
T7 Stabilized after solution treatment Overaging surpassing those needed for hardening through artificial aging is carried out to attain
the maximum strength, because special properties are adjusted somewhat at the expense of strength.
Test Conditions
Overaging after solution treatment to rectify the tendency to crack due to corrosion under stress.
(1) Salt water spray test (5%NaCI. 35˚C) 2hr T73 Overaging after solution treatment. Specified in 7075, forgings, of JIS.
(2) Drying (60˚C) 4hr 48hr Overaging after removal of residual stress by compression to retain 1% to 5% permanent deformation
Overaging after removal of
T7352 stress after solution treatment.residual subsequent to solution treatment, in order to rectify the tendency to crack due to corrosion under stress.
(3) Wetting (95%RH. 35˚C) 2hr
Included in free-forged part, 7075.
One cycle takes 8 hr.
Hardened through artificial aging Cold working performed, with a noticeable effect, to improve the mechanical properties or to rectify
T8 after cold working subsequent drawbacks or improve dimension precision. Called T83 when the sectional area is reduced 3%through
Appearance of test piece 48 hr, 168 hr before test. to solution treatment. cold working. Called T86 when the reduction rate is 6%. These procedures are performed to enhance the strength.
168hr
Cold working after hardening through
T9 artificial aging subsequent to Cold working is necessary to enhance the strength.
solution treatment.
*G-STAR is martensite stainless steel (pre-hardened steel) manufactured by the Daido Special Steel Co., Ltd.
3559 3560
 [Materials] [Materials]
Varieties and Applications 2 Types and Apparent Colors of Surface Treatment

4. Copper Alloy Materials Q Types of Surface Treatment

Type Material Code Applications Comment JIS Square Bar Hexagonal Bar Round Bar Steel Plate Vickers Layer Applicable
Name Hardness Thickness Example Purpose, Features Reference
(HV) (μm) Materials
For Regular Sheet Metal Machining Used in high strength and
Brass Plate C28000 Brass Name Plates and Instrument Panels ductile sliding parts. Brass JIS H 3100 Good Thin ·Antirust, low price.
Zinc Plating − 3~20 Steel −
Plate Wire ·Poor appearance.
Free-Cutting Brass C3604 BD General turming bolts
(Extruded Bar) Brass (JIS) screws, nuts, etc. Good Machinability JIS H 3250 Good Good Good
Chromate Plating − 1~2 Steel Plate Work ·Antirust, low price.
Bolts and Nuts. ·Fit for mass production.
−
·Poor appearance, however,
5. Cast and Forged Products, Copper Alloy Castings Bright Chromate − 1~2 Steel − works instead of nickel plating.
Type Material Code Applications Comment JIS ·Antirust, low price.
Trivalent Chromate − 1~2 Steel Bolts and Nuts ·Do not contain hexavalent chrome. −
Gray Cast Iron, Class3 Alloy Cast Iron Class No. 30 − JIS G 5501
Gray Cast Iron, Class4 Alloy Cast Iron Class No. 35 Cast Machine Parts − JIS G 5501 ·Improvement of corrosion resistance and decoration ·Copper base plating as
Nickel Plating − − ·Chrome plating has more corrosion appropriate.
Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron, Class4 JIS-FCD600 − JIS G 5502 resistance in the atmosphere. ·Not applicable to deep indentations.
Bearings, sleeves, bushings High pressure resistance and abrasion resistance, Steel
Bronze Casting, Class 6 JIS-BC6 and general machine parts. and good machinability. JIS H 5111 Class 1 Plating Copper − ·Better appearance than Class 3 plating. ·Material…Buff…UPlating…Buff
500 5~20 Brass
Class 3 Plating − ·Material…Plating
·Fatigue resistance. ·Material…Satin finish…Plating
6. Steel Pipe Materials Satin Finish Plating − − ·Minor flaws remain inconspicuous.
Type Material Code Applications Comment JIS ·Approx.10 times more expensive
Electroless Steel than nickel plating.
Carbon Steel Pipe White Pipe (Zinc Galvanic) Piping Parts At ambient temperature(Gas pipe). Nickel Plating 500 Stainless Steel Parts Unsuitable ·Easy film thickness control.
for Nickel Plating.
for Ordinary Piping SGP Black Pipe (No Plating) A is metric specification. B is inch specification. JIS G 3452 Copper ·High corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance.
Specifiable ·Give Conductivity to Non-Metals −
Aluminum Alloy
Carbon Steel Pipe for JIS-STPG370 Operation temperature 350˚C. Glass ·Same as the features of
Machine Pressure Service (JIS STPG38) Piping Parts A is metric specification. B is inch specification. JIS G 3454 Up to Plastic Parts hardened
Kanigen Plating 1000 after Plating. electroless nickel plating.
·Can be hardened by heat treatment after plating.
Carbon Steel Pipe for General Machine
Machine Structural Use JIS-STKM Parts Hollow Shafts. Available for class 11 to class 20. JIS G 3445 ·Appearance with gloss ·Nickel base plating
Chrome Plating − − ·Good corrosion resistance as appropriate.
Seamless Brass Pipe JIS-C22700T − Easy Flaring, Bending, ·Sliding chrome plating surfaces ·Not applicable to deep
(Regular class) Wringing and Plating JIS H 3300
are easy to stick together. indentations.
Class 1 Plating Steel −
·Better appearance than Class 3 plating. ·Material…Buff…UPlating…Buff
500 5~20 Copper
7. Spring Materials Class 3 Plating Brass − ·Material…Plating

Satin Finish Plating − − ·Fatigue resistance. ·Material…Satin finish…Plating

Type Material Code Applications Allowable Operating Temperature ˚c JIS ·Minor flaws remain inconspicuous.

Spring Steel (ASTM High strength, homogenous cold-drawn wire. Hard ·Excellent abrasion resistance. ·Material…Plating
Piano Wire 110 JIS G 3522 Chrome Plating 1000 10~30 Cylinder Liners ·More expensive than other chrome plating.
A228) SWP-8 For high quality springs and forming. (Class 3 Plating)

Black Oxide Bolts ·Base coating.

JIS-SWB Applicable to universal stress. 110 − − Steel Nuts ·Appearance(with gloss). ·General Black Oxide
For low priced springs and forming. (Blackening) Instruments ·Rusts more easily than Tufftride
Hard Steel Wire JIS G 3521
Steel Items requiring high precision, ·Long term antirust performance. ·L o w - Te m p e r a t u r e P r e l i m i n a r y
JIS-SWC For high quality springs and forming. 110 Low Temperature Treatment. No thermal effect on raw
Black Chrome Plating − 1~2 Copper items requiring higher corrosion ·High corrosion resistance. material. Parts coupled with plastic
Carbon Steel for Spring Oil Tempered Wire JIS-SWO-A Hardening and tempered. Stainless Steel resistance than blackening. ·Ultra thin film. matter, rubber, etc.
120 JIS G 3560
Oil Tempered Steel Wire JIS SWO-B For general-purpose springs.
Clear − 3~5 ·Corrosion and abrasion resistance. ·Some anodize pieces are colored
Carbon Steel for Valve-Spring Oil Tempered Wire. JIS-SWV Hardening and tempered. Anodize Aluminum Alloy − ·No electric conductivity. through fine holes in the hard,
Oil Tempered Steel Wire With a fine surface and uniform tensile 120 JIS G 3561 ·Heat Resistance oxidized film formed on the surface.
strength Black − 5~10

Cr-V Steel for Valve-Spring Hardening and tempered.

Oil Tempered Steel Wire JIS-SWOCV-V Loads and slightly high Temperatures. 220 JIS G 3565

Ci-Cr Steel for Valve-Spring JIS-SWOSC-V Hardening and tempered.

Q Apparent Colors of Surface Treatment
Oil Tempered Steel Wire Loads and slightly high Temperatures. 245 JIS G 3566
Bright Chromate Trivalent Chromate Electroless Nickel Plating Hard Chrome Plating
302 Stainless Steel For general corrosion and heat resistance 290
(WPA) (WPB) Available for magnetic spring.
316 Stainless Steel Heat Resistance is good. Higher corrosion resistance than SUS302.
For Springs (WPA) (WPB) 290
Available for magnetic spring. JIS G 4314
Stainless Steel Wire
631 Stainles Steel- Precipitation
hardening after spring processing.
High strength and general corrosion resistance. 340 Black Oxide Anodize(Clear) Anodize(Black)
WPC
Available for magnetic spring.

3561 3562