1. What are the four sensations felt by athlete when applying ice to an injured area?

Four sensations that can be felt by an athlete when applying ice are numbness, cramping, pins
and needles, and an uncomfortable feeling when first applying the ice.

2. What is the physiological effect on the tissue when applying cold?

Helps decrease swelling and inflammation, decreased pain and muscle spasm.

3. What are the physiological effects on the tissues when applying the contract bath
(Flushing )? How does this aid with healing of an injury?
Increasing blood flow and oxygenation as well as decreasing the swelling. This helps when
healing an injury by improved limb function. With increasing blood flow it helps from going from
hot and cold to speed up the healing process a bit faster than just applying cold temperature to
the injury.

4. Which form of cold was more effective? Ice bags or Ice bath? Explain
I felt that the ice bath was more effective because you get the coldness all around the injured
area and it stays colder for longer, essentially meaning that its effect on the injured area could
help faster.

5. During the Heat rub portion of the lab you had four different brands of heat rub which one did
you find more effective and why?
I felt that none of the heat rubs felt like anything was happening but if I had to say one I feel that
the bio rub one was the best one that I felt the most affect with, most of the others I didn’t feel
become hot or cold, however with the bio rub one I felt a little difference between it going from
hot to cold.