Drilling data used for problem

detection in Deepwater Campos

Basin

Andre Leibsohn Martins

PETROBRAS
 Outline
• Motivation
• PWD Case Studies
• Software Concept
• Status
• Comments
 Motivation
Conventional window
¾ Regular PWD use in ECD Gradient (ppg)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

offshore drilling 2100

2200

operations;

Well Depth (m)

2300

2400

¾ Deepwater: narrow 2500

2600

operation window; 2700

Pore pressure
Fracture pressure
2800

¾ High cost problem

mitigation; Deepwater window
¾ Data interpretation:
ECD Gradient (ppg)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
2100

¾ Qualified personnel 2200 Pore pressure

Fracture pressure
Well Depth (m) 2300

¾ 24 hours/day 2400

2500

¾ Poor use of the 2600

information 2700

2800

¾ Problem anticipation PWD Analysis

 The PWD Tool
¾ Down hole annular and internal
pressure in real time ;
¾ Time and depth plots;
¾ Pressure related problems:
¾ Pack offs
¾ Loss circulation
¾ Inflow
¾ Drilling fluid gelation
¾ Etc.

PWD Analysis
 PWD main applications

¾Monitoring hole cleaning conditions

¾LOT / FIT.
¾Monitoring trips.
¾Optimize drilling practices.
¾Pore pressure evaluation.

PWD Analysis
Difficulty to predict the real behavior of ECD by
mathematical modeling

PWD Analysis
 Typical PWD Log

Flow rate Temperature

Active volume PWD - Internal pressure

Injection pressure
Block position

PWD Analysis
 Case Study 1 - ECD x RPM
¾Well A
¾Water depth: 600 m
¾Last casing: 13 3/8” @ 1100 m
¾Open hole: 12 1/4” @ 2252 m
¾Inclination: 60º
¾Mud weight: 9.4 lb/gal
¾Flow rate: 780 gpm
¾Rheol.(Power law): n = 0.40 ; K = 1.79

PWD Analysis
ECD X RPM

ROP = 21 m/h

ROP = 5 m/h

PWD Analysis
Cuttings Bed Formation and
Re-suspension
• ROP↑ → Cuttings bed↑
• Sliding time↑
RPM starts

Cuttings bed re-suspension

ECD↑

PWD Analysis
 Cuttings Transport Modeling
Drillstring ROP Cuttings bed
rotation (rpm) (m/h) height (%)

21 21
0
5 0

21 17
40
5 0
PWD Analysis
Case Study 2 – Pressure Peaks Generated
by Back-reaming Before Connections
¾ Well B
¾ Water depth: 1100 m
¾ Last casing: 13 3/8” @ 1640 m
¾ Open hole: 12 1/4” @ 2591 m
¾ Inclination: until 80º
¾ Mud weight: 9.8 lb/gal
¾ Flow rate: 780 gpm
¾ Rheology (Power law): n = 0.40 ; K = 1.79
¾ Pressure peaks in : Δρ (lb/gal)

PWD Analysis
 Pressure Peaks beforeConnections

Flow rate

Active volume PWD - Internal pressure

PWD - Internal pressure

Block position Injection pressure

B
PWD Analysis
 Pressure Peaks Before Connections
Sliding Predic.
ESD Mud time bed
Event Δρ ROP Inclination Trip speed Dens. percent. Height
(ppg) (m/h) (degree) (ft/min) (ppg) (ppg) (%) (%)
A 0.3 16.4 42 19.7 10.1 9.8 27.3 0
B 0.1 10.6 42.7 16.4 10.1 9.8 38.2 0
C 0.1 9.0 43.8 6.6 10.1 9.8 75.0 0
D 0.18 8.6 45.9 7.0 10.1 9.8 81.0 0
E 1.8 14.4 50.4 14.1 10.2 9.8 60.8 15
F 0.12 15.9 51.4 24.6 10.1 9.8 37.2 11
G 0.23 14.5 54.4 14.1 10.15 9.8 77.4 6
H 0 12.5 57.7 12.3 10.1 9.8 54.2 4
I 0.32 16.1 60.8 5.8 10.15 9.8 69.6 10
J 0.2 8.6 65.9 7.0 10.2 9.8 53.8 0
K 0.14 8.8 68.2 5.5 10.2 9.8 56.4 0
L 0 10.5 70.7 2.6 10.2 9.8 60.5 0
M 0 10.3 72.4 3.1 10.2 9.8 56.6 0
N 0 6.3 74.5 3.4 10.2 9.8 56.8 0
O 0 4.8 76.2 2.4 10.15 9.8 70.0 0
P 0 3.8 78 2.2 10.2 9.8 79.9 0
Q 0 6.0 79.2 12.3 10.15 9.8 0.0 0
R 0 5.2 79.1 8.2 10.2 9.8 0.0 0
S 0.73 8.7 79 19.7 10.3 9.8 0.0 0
T 0 5.6 79 2.7 10.25 9.8 0.0 0
PWD Analysis
 Pressure Peaks Before Connections

PWD Analysis

Flow rate Temperature

Active volume PWD - Internal pressure

PWD - Internal pressure

Injection pressure
Block position

F
 Pressure Peaks Before Connections
Sliding Predic.
ESD Mud time bed
Event Δρ ROP Inclination Trip speed Dens. percent. Height
(ppg) (m/h) (degree) (ft/min) (ppg) (ppg) (%) (%)
A 0.3 16.4 42 19.7 10.1 9.8 27.3 0
B 0.1 10.6 42.7 16.4 10.1 9.8 38.2 0
C 0.1 9.0 43.8 6.6 10.1 9.8 75.0 0
D 0.18 8.6 45.9 7.0 10.1 9.8 81.0 0
E 1.8 14.4 50.4 14.1 10.2 9.8 60.8 15
F 0.12 15.9 51.4 24.6 10.1 9.8 37.2 11
G 0.23 14.5 54.4 14.1 10.15 9.8 77.4 6
H 0 12.5 57.7 12.3 10.1 9.8 54.2 4
I 0.32 16.1 60.8 5.8 10.15 9.8 69.6 10
J 0.2 8.6 65.9 7.0 10.2 9.8 53.8 0
K 0.14 8.8 68.2 5.5 10.2 9.8 56.4 0
L 0 10.5 70.7 2.6 10.2 9.8 60.5 0
M 0 10.3 72.4 3.1 10.2 9.8 56.6 0
N 0 6.3 74.5 3.4 10.2 9.8 56.8 0
O 0 4.8 76.2 2.4 10.15 9.8 70.0 0
P 0 3.8 78 2.2 10.2 9.8 79.9 0
Q 0 6.0 79.2 12.3 10.15 9.8 0.0 0
R 0 5.2 79.1 8.2 10.2 9.8 0.0 0
S 0.73 8.7 79 19.7 10.3 9.8 0.0 0
T 0 5.6 79 2.7 10.25 9.8 0.0 0
PWD Analysis
Pressure Peaks Before Connections

PWD Analysis

Flow rate Temperature

Active volume PWD - Internal pressure

PWD - Internal pressure

Injection pressure
Block position

S
 Pressure Peaks Before Connections
Sliding Predic.
ESD Mud time bed
Event Δρ ROP Inclination Trip speed Dens. percent. Height
(ppg) (m/h) (degree) (ft/min) (ppg) (ppg) (%) (%)
A 0.3 16.4 42 19.7 10.1 9.8 27.3 0
B 0.1 10.6 42.7 16.4 10.1 9.8 38.2 0
C 0.1 9.0 43.8 6.6 10.1 9.8 75.0 0
D 0.18 8.6 45.9 7.0 10.1 9.8 81.0 0
E 1.8 14.4 50.4 14.1 10.2 9.8 60.8 15
F 0.12 15.9 51.4 24.6 10.1 9.8 37.2 11
G 0.23 14.5 54.4 14.1 10.15 9.8 77.4 6
H 0 12.5 57.7 12.3 10.1 9.8 54.2 4
I 0.32 16.1 60.8 5.8 10.15 9.8 69.6 10
J 0.2 8.6 65.9 7.0 10.2 9.8 53.8 0
K 0.14 8.8 68.2 5.5 10.2 9.8 56.4 0
L 0 10.5 70.7 2.6 10.2 9.8 60.5 0
M 0 10.3 72.4 3.1 10.2 9.8 56.6 0
N 0 6.3 74.5 3.4 10.2 9.8 56.8 0
O 0 4.8 76.2 2.4 10.15 9.8 70.0 0
P 0 3.8 78 2.2 10.2 9.8 79.9 0
Q 0 6.0 79.2 12.3 10.15 9.8 0.0 0
R 0 5.2 79.1 8.2 10.2 9.8 0.0 0
S 0.73 8.7 79 19.7 10.3 9.8 0.0 0
T 0 5.6 79 2.7 10.25 9.8 0.0 0
PWD Analysis
 Risk of Pressure Peaks

¾↑ ROP
¾↑ Sliding time
¾↑ Tripping speed

PWD Analysis
Case study 3 – Resuming circulation after a pump stop

¾ Well B

Flow Speed Pump off

Event Δρ rate rotation time
(ppg) (GPM) (RPM) (min)
A 0.15 400 130 40
B 0.35 700 0 430
C 0.1 250 120-140 200

PWD Analysis
 Resuming Circulation
After a Pump Stop
Event A: Event B:

PWD Analysis
 Risk of Pressure Peaks After
Resuming Circulation

¾ ↑ Abrupt pump restart

¾ ↑ No rotation
¾ ↑ Low temperatures
¾ ↑ Fluid gelation
tendency

PWD Analysis
 The concept of PWDa
xlm. Files
Hydraulics
Simulation

PWDa
Las. Files

Service
Serial Door
Company WITS

PWD/MWD/LWD Data Mudloging Data

(Downhole Sensor) (Surface Sensor)
 Concepts for PWDa
– Calibrations
• DD equipment
• Pipe and annulus
– Theoretical ECD – reliable models
• Steady state
• Transient
– Virtual ECD
– Pumps off Analysis
• Surge
• Swab
• Solids Loading
• Fluid compressibility
Definitions
Measured ECD
Theoretical ECD
Virtual ECD
Meas ECD – Theor ECD

Excess in ECD reflecting

extra solids in the well
 PWDa – under development

• Wash outs
• Bit jet issues
• Wellbore stability issues
• Balling
• Annular pack-offs
• Pit gain
• Circulation losses
• LOT and FIT analysis
• Breathing and balooning
 PWDa – Strategy

2007 - Vertical wells – now at the field

2008-2009
¾Inclined and horizontal wells
¾Pattern recognition
¾Breathing / Balooning
¾Pack-offs
¾ AI, History Matching
¾ Training, continuous implementation
 Comments

¾ Comprehensive methodology to analyze the

correlation of PWD data with relevant events
which may occur while drilling a well.
¾ Problem detection and anticipation.
¾ Complete parameter sensibility evaluation is
required.
¾ Decision support tool for real time PWD data
interpretation – Hybrid Models
¾ Other drilling parameters – Drilling optimization

PWD Analysis