Intermedio 8

Unidad 10: insights and innovations (ideas e innovaciones)

DESCRIBING HELP AND BENEFITS
Beneficial (beneficioso)
- Cellphones are beneficial. /Celulares son beneficiosos
- Cellphones are of great benefit to (de gran beneficio para) people. / Los celulares
son de gran beneficio para las personas

Helpful (util)
- Cellphones are a great help to (de gran ayuda para) people. / Los celulares son
de gran ayuda para la gente.
- People can benefit from (beneficiarse del) cellphone.
Ejemplos:

- Internet benefits people

- Internet helps people communicate with others.
- Internet enables (permite) people to communicate with others.
- Internet allows(permite) people to communicate with others
- The government supports (apoya) poor people.
- I think these inventions are beneficial; they can help thousands of people.

- I think solar panels are beneficial in places without energy; they can help
thousands of people. Panel solar benefits people in Africa. Panels solar are of great
benefit to people, because it provides them with a solution and energy to develop
their activities.

Afford (permitir)
Afford+ can´t / Q: can + sub.
Pronoun+ afford
I can’t afford a new bike
They can’t afford to spend money on expensive charges
Can we afford the expense? (Podemos afrontar el gasto)

PASSIVES
Pero cuando queremos dar más importancia a la acción y no a quien la ha
realizado, utilizamos la voz pasiva. We use the passive voice to focus on the object
VOZ ACTIVA
- He ate all of the cookies (past simple)
VOZ PASIVA
- All of the cookies were eaten. (past part.) (Past simple)

Usa enfocarse en el objeto. Incluye una frase al final cuando tú quieres dar una información
adicional, dar crédito o dar sorpresa sujeto.

- El verbo principal se sustituye por el auxiliar “to be”, en su mismo tiempo, junto al
verbo principal en participio.
- Si hacemos mención en la oración del sujeto que realiza la acción (sujeto agente),
este irá normalmente precedido por la preposición “by”

Ejemplo:

Simple past

1. Mark twain wrote the book.

2. The book was written by mark twain

Simple future

1. The housekeeper will clean the room

2. The room will be cleaned by the housekeeper.

Libro

By:
Enfatiza el responsable

1. The criminals were caught by Armando casa

2. The criminals were betrayed by their leader.
3. The information was sent by email
4. The money was stolen by Guillermo who is my neighbor.
5. Jurassic park was filmed by Steven Spielberg in 1993.

Without by:
No sabes quién es el responsable

1. There thousand dollars were stolen from the bank.

 2. Some evidence was given to the police.
3. Spanish is spoken in Peru, Chile and Mexico.
4. The police were informed.
5. Stolen bikes are returned to their owners.

Han sido

Había entregado Habían sido

Ella tiene que entregar Tiene que ser entregado

Could be: Their bicycles could be used for more that just riding to work

Ejemplo:

1. The local authorities are introducing a bike registration plan.( Present continous)
 A bike registration plan is being introduced.(being-ed past participle) / estan siendo
introducidas.
2. They will give each bike an electronic registration number.
Each bike will be given an electronic registration number
3. The way the police can track (localizo) and find the stolen bike.
The way the stolen bike can be tracked and found.
4. More emergency calls are being answered by bicycling paramedics
5. Two friends discovered that their bicycles could be used for more than just riding to
work
6. More than 120 thousand bikes have been sold in china. Habian sido vendidas en china
7. The first prototypes were made by hand.
8.

PHRASEL VERBS:
Try out: probar

Keep up: mantenerse/moverse misma velocidad

Burn out_: consumirse/apagarse y parar

Give up: rendirse/abandoner

Carry on: seguir adelante/ continuar

Take up: comenzar/reanudar

Ejmplo:

- I don’t have problems keeping up with my online classes

- If you take up a new activity in the mornings, you should use the schedule and
your phone alarm.
- Be careful if you practices many hours soccer, you can burn out and you cannot
go to soccer contest tomorrow.
- I gave up (dejar) talking with new people, because people sometimes can be
stressful.

 Who is always used to refer to people.

 That is always used when talking about inanimate objects (that computer,
that piece of paper…)
 That can also be used when talking about a class or type of person, such as
“that” team

- He was the person who told me about barefoot running.

- These are the sandals that he ran in.(con las q corrio)
- He read about runner who/that won a race barefoot.
- He was the person who say that shoes give you more support.

- I have a friend who just went to California.

- (In this case, who is referring to the friend.)

- Do you know a teacher who can help me with my research paper?

- (In this sentence, who refers to the teacher.)

- This is the key that fits the front door lock.

- (In this example, that is referring to the key.)