Time for Grammar Starter 본문 PDF

All New
Time for
Grammar
Third Edition
Starter
문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 1 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:08

Chapter 명사
01
Contents Unit 01 셀 수 있는 명사
Unit 02 셀 수 없는 명사
Writing Connection
Actual Test
10
12
14
17
Chapter 대명사
02 Unit 01 인칭대명사
Unit 02 this, that, it
22
24
Writing Connection 26
Actual Test 29
Chapter be동사
03 Unit 01 be동사의 현재형

Unit 02 be동사 현재형의 부정문과 의문문
34
36
Unit 03 be동사의 과거형 38
Unit 04 There is/are 40
Actual Test 45
Chapter 일반동사
04 Unit 01 일반동사의 현재형

Unit 02 일반동사 현재형의 부정문과 의문문
50
52
Unit 03 일반동사의 과거형 54
Unit 04 일반동사 과거형의 부정문과 의문문 56
Actual Test 61
Chapter 동사의 종류
05 Unit 01 동사의 종류 1
Unit 02 동사의 종류 2
66
68
Actual Test 73
Chapter 조동사
06 Unit 01 can, may

Unit 02 must, have to
78
80
Actual Test 85

Grammer Starter
Time for Grammar
Chapter 현재진행형과 미래형
07 Unit 01 현재진행형
Unit 02 미래형
90
92
Actual Test 97
Chapter 형용사와 부사
08 Unit 01 형용사
Unit 02 부사
102
104
Unit 03 원급, 비교급, 최상급 106
Actual Test 111
Chapter 전치사
09 Unit 01 장소를 나타내는 전치사

Unit 02 시간을 나타내는 전치사
116
118
Actual Test 123
Chapter to부정사
10 Unit 01 명사처럼 쓰는 to부정사

Unit 02 형용사/부사처럼 쓰는 to부정사
128
130
Actual Test 135
Chapter 접속사
11 Unit 01 and, but, or

Unit 02 when, before, after, because
140
142
Actual Test 147
Chapter 의문문, 명령문, 감탄문
12 Unit 01 who, what

Unit 02 when, where, why
152
154
Unit 03 how 156
Unit 04 명령문, 감탄문 158
Actual Test 163

Structures GRAMMAR POINT
해당 Unit에서 배워야 할 문법을 실용적인 예문과 함께 체계적으로 제시하여 쉽게 학습
할 수 있도록 구성하였습니다.
▶ THINK! 영어의 원리를 생각해 보며 재미있게 학습할 수 있습니다.

▶ GRAMMAR INFO 기본적인 문법 용어를 익혀 문법 내용을 더 잘 이해할 수 있습니다.
U n i t
셀 수 없는 명사
셀 수 없는 명사 일정한 형태가 없는 물질, 감정이나 생각, 세상에 하나밖에 없는 사람이나 장소의 고유한 이름을
나타내는 명사는 셀 수가 없다.
Honey is sweet.
Everybody wants happiness.
William is from Canada.
셀 수 없는 명사의 종류
•물질명사: air, water, tea, honey, salt, soup, wood...
•추상명사: help, happiness, love, advice, beauty, peace...
•고유명사: Lisa, Kevin, Paris, Italy, Spain, The British Museum...
셀 수 없는 셀 수 없는 명사는 용기나 그릇을 단위로 사용하여 수량을 나타낸다.

명사의 수
There is a piece of paper.
She drinks two glasses of milk every day.
The baby eats a slice of cheese.
Amy has ten bottles of juice.
단위 명사의 종류
a piece of cake / pizza / paper a glass of juice / milk
a slice of cheese / bread a bottle of water / juice / ink
a loaf of cheese / bread a bar of chocolate / soap A 빈칸에 a나 an 중 맞는
것을 쓰시오.
Answers p.2
a bowl of soup / rice a can of soup / soda e.g. a crayon

1 orange
2 university
3 teacher
4 pencil
5 uniform
6 house
7 letter
초콜릿은 셀 수 있을까? 셀 수 없을까? 8 X-ray
9 egg
아래 문장을 보고 어떤 경우에는 셀 수 없고, 어떤 경우에는 셀 수 있는지를 생각해 보자. 10 week
11 hero
I like chocolate very much. I have a bar Sam gives me a box of chocolates. I take 12 hour
13 ant
of chocolate. I break it into three pieces. two chocolates and taste them. 14 friend
12 Chapter 01
B 빈칸에 명사의 복수형을

쓰시오.
e.g. bag bags
1 chair
2 zoo
3 bus
4 piano
5 baby
6 leaf
7 fish
8 toy
9 child
10 foot
11 watch
12 woman
13 room
14 tooth
C 밑줄 친 명사의 복수형
을 쓰시오.
e.g. a. I have a brother.
EXERCISE 1
b. I have two brothers
a. A man is on the boat.

.
b. Two are on the boat.

해당 Unit에서 배운 내용을 2 a. She needs an umbr
ella.
b. She needs three
.
다양한 유형의 문제들을 풀어 3 a. He is my best friend
.
b. They are my best
.
보며 확인하고 익힐 수 있습 4 a. A wolf is in the cage.
b. are in the cage.
니다.
명사 11

Time for Grammar Starter
Writing ConneCtion Step 3 Sentences to a passage
A 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.

Step 1 Grammar Check-up 1 a. 그녀는 거북이 한 마리가 있다. (turtle)
She has .
A 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고치시오. Answers p.2 →
1 The man is artist. Step 2 phrases to Sentences

b. 나는 거북이 네 마리가 있다.
→ I have .
2 My foots are dirty. A 다음은 Sally가 동물원에서 구경하고 있는 동물들이다. 사진을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하
2 a. 그는 군인이다. (soldier)
여 문장을 완성하시오.
3 Sandra wants five orange. → He is .
b. 그들은 군인들이다.
4 The shop has ten pianoes. e.g. Sally sees two rabbits . (rabbit) → They .
5 There are five box on the floor. 3 a. 나의 남동생은 꿀을 좋아한다. (honey)
→ My brother likes .
1 Sally sees . (tiger) b. Sally와 Eric은 꿀을 좋아한다.
Sally and Eric .
B 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
→
1 He lives in . 4 a. 나는 피자 한 조각을 원한다. (pizza)

① Spain ② a Spain ③ the Spain 2 Sally sees . (elephant) → I want .
b. 그들은 피자 다섯 조각을 원한다.
2 My mom puts into the soup. → They .
① a salt ② salt ③ salts
3 He needs . 3 Sally sees . (penguin)

① papers ② a piece of paper ③ pieces of papers
4 I want .
① two soups ② two bowl of soups ③ two bowls of soup B 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 다음 글을 완성하시오.
B 다음은 David의 가방에 들어있는 것들이다. 그림을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 My best friend is (Chris). He is from (Canada).
완성하시오. (1) 나의 가장 친한 친구는 Chris다. (2) 그는 캐나다 출신이다.
C 밑줄 친 부분이 잘못된 것을 고르시오.

He has (rabbit), (kitten), and
1 Two women wear a dresses. e.g. David has a can of soda . (soda) (3) 그는 토끼 한 마리, 아기 고양이 두 마리, 그리고 개 한 마리를 키운다.
① ②
(dog). Chris likes (milk) and
2 Three child make a snowman. (4) Chris는 우유와 치즈를 매우 좋아한다.
① ②
1 David has . (bread) (cheese) very much. He drinks
3 He drinks a cup of coffees and eats cake every morning. (5) 그는 매일 우유 세 잔을 마시고 치즈 다섯 장을 먹는다.
① ②
(milk) and eats (cheese) every day.
4 Andy and Suji are my friends. They are soccer player in school.
① ②
2 David has . (chocolate)
16 Chapter 01
14 Chapter 01
3 David has . (ink)
명사 15
WRITING CONNECTION
Step 1에서는 문법 개념 확인, Step 2에서는 문법 사항을 활용한 문장 쓰기 연습, Step 3에서는 문장뿐만 아니라 한 단락
의 글을 써 볼 수 있도록 구성하였습니다. 학습한 문법 사항을 작문에 적용해 봄으로써 문법의 실제적 쓰임을 익히고 글을
완성하는 연습을 할 수 있습니다.
ActuAl test
ACTUAL TEST
Answers p.3
1 명사의 성격이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? [5-6] 밑줄 친 부분이 바른 것을 고르시오.

해당 Chapter에서 학습한 문법 사항을 총정리 할 수 있도록 다양한
① peace ② water
5 ① It is photo.
③ sand
⑤ toy
④ love
② There is a window. 유형의 문제로 구성하였습니다. 또한 서술형 문제를 수록하여 학교
③ I need two brush.
④ The girl likes butters.
⑤ Joe wears an uniform.
내신 시험의 서술형 문항에 완벽히 대비할 수 있도록 했습니다.
[2-3] 명사의 복수형이 틀린 것을 고르시오.
2 ① egg ― eggs ② baby ― babies 6 ① He wants pizza.

Chapter 01 명사
③ class ― classes ④ knife ― knifes ② Billy needs a egg. U N I T
⑤ piano ― pianos ③ She is from a England.

④ Do you need a bread?
셀 수 있는 명사
쓰시오.
⑤ She needs three pieces of papers. 빈칸에 a, an
중 알맞은 것을 eraser
A 21
lion war
11 41
actor story
31 61
event answer
51 81
clock month
71 10
eye school
3 ① woman ― women 91 12
hat camera
② child ― children [7-8] 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. 11 14
animal
13
③ fish ― fishes 7
④ foot ― feet I have in my bag.
.
복수형을 쓰시오
⑤ mouse ― mice B 주어진 명사의
2 city
➞
① umbrella ② a umbrella snake

➞
WORKBOOK
1 4 actress
➞
③ a umbrellas ④ an umbrella
➞
3 wife piano
➞
6
➞
⑤ an umbrellas 5 painter library
➞
8
➞
7 woman mirror
➞
10
➞
9 ticket key
➞
12
➞
본 교재에서 익힌 문법 사항을 반복
11 dish lamp
➞
14
➞
13 life house
➞
16
4
➞
빈칸에 들어갈 말이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? 15 beach scarf
➞
18
➞
man
8
① There is book.
연습할 수 있는 워크북입니다. Unit
17 20 day
➞
There are two in the mailbox. 19 hero

➞
② He wants pen.
③ I have orange. ① letter ② letters 바꿔 빈칸에 쓰시오
.
알맞은 형태로
C 괄호 안의 말을
④ There is
⑤ She needs
monkey.
ruler.
③ a letters
⑤ an letters
④ an letter
1 The man has
Owls hunt
two
. (child)
at night. (mou
se) 별 두 쪽으로 충분한 연습을 할 수
2
(rose)
in her garden.
명사 17 3 She has
. (elevator)
4 The building
5 Peop le check
has three
their
at the dentist.
(tooth) 있습니다.
2 Chapter 01

rammar
품사 영어에는 8개의 대표적인 품사가 있다.
Basic parts 명사, 대명사, 동사, 형용사, 부사, 전치사, 접속사, 감탄사이다.
사람, 사물, 장소, 개념 등의 이름을 나타내는 말이다.

명사 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 보어로 쓰인다.
noun Sally needs a pen.
Tony is my brother.
The boy wants chocolate.
명사를 대신하는 말이다. 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 보어로 쓰인다.

대명사 They are his kittens.
pronoun
This book is yours and that is hers.
I love my parents.
사람 혹은 사물의 움직임이나 상태를 묘사하는 말이다.

동사 Brian is my best friend.
verb
Kelly drinks milk every day.
We play basketball after school.
명사의 성질, 수량, 모양, 크기, 색깔 등을 묘사하는 말이다.

형용사 명사나 대명사를 꾸며 주거나 보어로 쓰인다.
adjective Your dog is cute.
The tall man is my uncle.
Sally has many relatives.

Time for Grammar Starter
장소, 시간, 방법, 정도, 빈도 등을 나타내는 말이다. 동사, 형용사,

부사 다른 부사, 또는 문장 전체를 꾸며준다.
adverb Lucy studies hard.
The weather is so nice.
Finally, we arrived at New York.
명사나 대명사와 함께 쓰여 장소, 위치, 시간, 목적 등을 나타내는

전치사 말이다.
preposition Someone is at the door.
There is a computer in the room.
I take tennis lessons on Tuesdays.
단어와 단어, 구와 구, 절과 절을 연결하는 말이다.

접속사 Andy wants salad and soup.
conjunction
My sister sings well, but I don’t.
Eric takes a nap after he has lunch.
기쁨, 슬픔, 놀람 등의 감정을 나타내는 말이다.

감탄사 Oh, it’s already 7 o’clock.
interjection
Wow, you look great today!
Oops, I don’t bring my wallet.

h apter
C
01
명사

- 셀 수 있는 명사
- 셀 수 있는 명사의 수
- 셀 수 없는 명사
- 셀 수 없는 명사의 수

U n i t
셀 수 있는 명사 사람, 동물, 사물, 장소 등을 나타내며 ‘하나, 둘...’ 셀 수 있다.
I need a pencil.
Tim has five classes today.
Sally wants an umbrella.
셀 수 있는 셀 수 있는 명사에는 단수형과 복수형이 있다.

명사의 수
단수형
‌셀 수 있는 명사 하나를 나타낼 때는 앞에 a/an을 쓴다. 명사의 첫소리가 자음으로 발음되면
a를, 모음(a, e, i, o, u)으로 발음되면 an을 사용한다.
a dog, a house, a boy, a store, a watch, a university
an ant, an umbrella, an apple, an idea, an hour, an X-ray
복수형
‌셀 수 있는 명사를 두 개 이상 나타낼 때는 주로 명사 뒤에 -(e)s를 붙여 복수형을 만든다.
대부분의 명사 ＋-s books cats eggs desks chairs

-s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, buses classes boxes benches
＋-es
-o로 끝나는 명사 brushes tomatoes cf. radios pianos
「자음＋-y」로 끝나는 명사 -y ➞ -i ＋-es city ➞ cities baby ➞ babies lady ➞ ladies
leaf ➞ leaves wolf ➞ wolves knife ➞ knives
-f, -fe로 끝나는 명사 -f(e) ➞ -v ＋-es
cf. roofs
man ➞ men foot ➞ feet tooth ➞ teeth
불규칙 복수형 fish ➞ fish sheep ➞ sheep
child ➞ children mouse ➞ mice
명사: 사람, 사물, 장소, 개념 등의 이름을 나타내는 말
mother, son, Kevin... / book, desk, computer... / school, building, Canada... / peace,
love, happiness...
10 Chapter 01

Answers p.2
A 빈칸에 a나 an 중 맞는 것을 쓰시오.
e.g. a crayon
1 orange 2 university
3 teacher 4 pencil
5 uniform 6 house
7 letter 8 X-ray
9 egg 10 week
11 hero 12 hour
13 ant 14 friend
B 빈칸에 명사의 복수형을 쓰시오.
e.g. bag bags

1 chair 2 zoo
3 bus 4 piano
5 baby 6 leaf
7 fish 8 toy
9 child 10 foot
11 watch 12 woman
13 room 14 tooth
C 밑줄 친 명사의 복수형을 쓰시오.
e.g. a. I have a brother.

b. I have two brothers .
1 a. A man is on the boat.

b. Two are on the boat.
2 a. She needs an umbrella.
b. She needs three .
3 a. He is my best friend.
b. They are my best .
4 a. A wolf is in the cage.
b. are in the cage.
명사 11

U n i t
셀 수 없는 명사 일정한 형태가 없는 물질, 감정이나 생각, 세상에 하나밖에 없는 사람이나 장소의 고유한 이름을
나타내는 명사는 셀 수가 없다.
Honey is sweet.
Everybody wants happiness.
William is from Canada.
셀 수 없는 명사의 종류
•물질명사: air, water, tea, honey, salt, soup, wood...
•추상명사: help, happiness, love, advice, beauty, peace...
•고유명사: Lisa, Kevin, Paris, Italy, Spain, The British Museum...
셀 수 없는 셀 수 없는 명사는 용기나 그릇을 단위로 사용하여 수량을 나타낸다.

명사의 수
There is a piece of paper.
She drinks two glasses of milk every day.
The baby eats a slice of cheese.
Amy has ten bottles of juice.
단위명사의 종류
‌a piece of cake / pizza / paper a glass of juice / milk
a slice of cheese / bread a bottle of water / juice / ink
a loaf of cheese / bread a bar of chocolate / soap
a bowl of soup / rice a can of soup / soda
초콜릿은 셀 수 있을까? 셀 수 없을까?

아래 문장을 보고 어떤 경우에는 셀 수 없고, 어떤 경우에는 셀 수 있는지를 생각해 보자.
I like chocolate very much. I have a bar Sam gives me a box of chocolates. I take
of chocolate. I break it into three pieces. two chocolates and taste them.
12 Chapter 01

Answers p.2
A 셀 수 있는 명사는 C, 셀 수 없는 명사는 U를 쓰시오.
e.g. water U
1 desk 2 love
3 Seoul 4 peace
5 train 6 sand
7 rice 8 car
9 Paul 10 university
B 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
e.g. ( A love / Love ) is feeling.

1 She likes ( coffee / coffees).
2 ( A Korea / Korea ) is a country.
3 My best friend is ( a Susan / Susan ).
4 The boy loves ( a chocolate / chocolate ).
5 My birthday is in ( a December / December ).
C 사진을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오. 필요하면 단어의 형태를 바꾸

시오.
piece glass slice bottle
1 She drinks a of milk in the morning.
2 He buys a of water at a market.
3 Sally wants two of cheese.
4 I have three of paper.
명사 13

Writing Connection
Step 1 Grammar Check-up
A 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고치시오.
1 The man is artist.
2 My foots are dirty.
3 Sandra wants five orange.
4 The shop has ten pianoes.
5 There are five box on the floor.
1 He lives in .
① Spain ② a Spain ③ the Spain
2 My mom puts into the soup.

① a salt ② salt ③ salts
3 He needs .
① papers ② a piece of paper ③ pieces of papers
4 I want .
① two soups ② two bowl of soups ③ two bowls of soup
1 Two women wear a dresses.

① ②
2 Three child make a snowman.

① ②
3 He drinks a cup of coffees and eats cake every morning.

① ②
4 Andy and Suji are my friends. They are soccer player in school.
① ②
14 Chapter 01

Answers p.2
Step 2 Phrases to Sentences
A 다음은 Sally가 동물원에서 구경하고 있는 동물들이다. 사진을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하

e.g. Sally sees two rabbits . (rabbit)
1 Sally sees . (tiger)
2 Sally sees . (elephant)
3 Sally sees . (penguin)
B 다음은 David의 가방에 들어있는 것들이다. 그림을 보고 단위명사와 괄호 안의 말을 이용하

e.g. David has a can of soda . (soda)
1 David has . (bread)
2 David has . (chocolate)
3 David has . (ink)
명사 15

Step 3 Sentences to a Passage
1 a. 그녀는 거북이 한 마리가 있다. (turtle)

→ She has .
b. 나는 거북이 네 마리가 있다.
→ I have .
2 a. 그는 군인이다. (soldier)
→ He is .
b. 그들은 군인들이다.
→ They .
3 a. 나의 남동생은 꿀을 좋아한다. (honey)

→ My brother likes .
b. Sally와 Eric은 꿀을 좋아한다.
→ Sally and Eric .
4 a. 나는 피자 한 조각을 원한다. (pizza)

→ I want .
b. 그들은 피자 다섯 조각을 원한다.
→ They .
B 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 다음 글을 완성하시오.
My best friend is (Chris). He is from (Canada).

(1) 나의 가장 친한 친구는 Chris다. (2) 그는 캐나다 출신이다.
He has (rabbit), (kitten), and

(3) 그는 토끼 한 마리, 아기 고양이 두 마리, 그리고 개 한 마리를 키운다.
(dog). Chris likes (milk) and

(4) Chris는 우유와 치즈를 매우 좋아한다.
(cheese) very much. He drinks

(5) 그는 매일 우유 세 잔을 마시고 치즈 다섯 장을 먹는다.
(milk) and eats (cheese) every day.
16 Chapter 01

Actual Test Answers p.3
1 명사의 성격이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? [5-6] 밑줄 친 부분이 바른 것을 고르시오.

① peace ② water
5 ① It is photo.
③ sand ④ love
② There is a window.
⑤ toy
③ I need two brush.
④ The girl likes butters.
⑤ Joe wears an uniform.
[2-3] 명사의 복수형이 틀린 것을 고르시오.
2 ① egg ― eggs ② baby ― babies 6 ① He wants pizza.
③ class ― classes ④ knife ― knifes ② Billy needs a egg.
⑤ piano ― pianos ③ She is from a England.

④ Do you need a bread?
⑤ She needs three pieces of papers.
3 ① woman ― women
② child ― children [7-8] 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
③ sheep ― sheeps 7
④ foot ― feet I have in my bag.
⑤ mouse ― mice ① umbrella ② a umbrella
③ a umbrellas ④ an umbrella
⑤ an umbrellas
4 빈칸에 들어갈 말이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① There is book. 8
There are two in the mailbox.
② He wants pen.
③ I have orange. ① letter ② letters
④ There is monkey. ③ a letters ④ an letter
⑤ She needs ruler. ⑤ an letters
명사 17

[9-10] 밑줄 친 부분이 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오. [13-14] 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고친 것을 고르시오.
9 ① She needs a sugar. 13 ① I don’t drink a juice. ➞ juices

② Sophie has long hair. ② My aunt is actress. ➞ a actress
③ People want happiness. ③ He buys eraser. ➞ a eraser
④ The woman wears a skirt. ④ We love snows. ➞ snow
⑤ There are buses on the road. ⑤ She needs loaf of breads. ➞ a loaf of breads
10 ① I want three pieces of pizza.

② She needs a bottle of ink.
③ Do you want a bowl of soup?
④ She has two slices of cheese.
⑤ He wants three bar of chocolate. 14 ① Do you like a music? ➞ musics
② I had a fun at the concert. ➞ funs
③ There is an university. ➞ a university
④ The woman has three child. ➞ childs
⑤ He goes to a Spain. ➞ Spains
[11-12] 우
‌ 리말을 영어로 바르게 옮긴 것을 고르시오.
11
나는 케이크를 좋아한다.
① I like cakes.
② I like a cake.
③ I like cake.
④ I like piece of cake.
⑤ I like pieces of cakes.
15 그림을 묘사한 것 중 틀린 부분 두 개를 고르시오.
12
나는 물 두 병을 원한다.
① I want waters.
② I want two water.
③ I want two waters. There are ① a piece of paper, ② a pen,
③ a glass of juice, and ④ two pieces of
④ I want two water bottles.
cake.
⑤ I want two bottles of water.
18 Chapter 01

Answers p.3
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 [20-21] 괄
‌ 호 안의 단어를 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 빈칸에
르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오. 쓰시오.
16 20
그는 점심으로 빵과 치즈를 먹는다. I brush my every day. (tooth)
(bread, for lunch, and cheese)
➞ He has .
21
The park has ten . (bench)
17
그녀는 매일 탄산음료 한 캔을 마신다.
(soda, a, every day, can of )
[22-24] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을
➞ She drinks .
이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
22
우리 할머니는 열 개의 토마토를 가지고 있다.
(tomato)
➞ My grandma has .
[18-19] 빈
‌ 칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말을 쓰시오.
18
•She needs watch.
23
•I want piece of pizza. 나는 매일 주스 두 잔을 마신다. (juice)
➞ I‌ drink
every day.
19 24
•Kate has five of chocolate. 그 수프에는 소금이 필요하다. (salt)
•Joy has two of soap.

➞ The soup needs .
명사 19

h apter
C
02
대명사

인칭대명사
- 인칭대명사
- 인칭대명사의 형태
this, that, it
- this
- that
- it

U n i t
인칭대명사
인칭대명사 명사를 대신하여 쓰는 말을 대명사라 한다. 인칭대명사는 사람이나 사물을 나타내는 대명사로 단
수·복수가 있으며, 인칭과 격에 따라 형태가 달라진다.
Paul is a soccer player. He is fast.

Julie is a basketball player. She is tall.
인칭대명사의 형태 인칭 ‌말하는 사람(I)을 1인칭이라 하고, 듣는 상대방(you)을 2인칭, ‘나’와 ‘너’를 제외한 그
외의 사람 또는 사물을 3인칭이라고 한다.
격 1. 주격(~은/는/이/가): 문장에서 주어로 쓰인다.

I love puppies.
2. ‌소유격(~의): 명사 앞에 사용하여 소유를 나타낸다.
They are my puppies.
cf. 사람을 나타내는 명사의 소유격은 -’s를 붙인다.
It is Anna’s bike. My sister’s bike is pink.
3. ‌목적격(~을/를): 동사나 전치사의 목적어로 쓰인다.
I love them. This is for you.
4. 소유대명사(~의 것): 「소유격＋명사」를 나타낸다.
Your dogs are very big. Mine(=My dogs) are small.
인칭 수 주격 소유격 목적격 소유대명사
단수 I my me mine
1인칭
복수 we our us ours
2인칭 단수·복수 you your you yours
he his him his
단수 she her her hers
3인칭
it its it ―
복수 they their them theirs
인칭대명사를 왜 사용할까?
두 글을 비교해 보자. 어느 글이 간결하고 표현이 풍부하게 느껴지는가?
Kevin is my friend. Kevin’s house is Kevin is my friend. His house is next

next door to my house. Kevin and I play door to mine. We play soccer on
soccer on Saturdays. I like Kevin. Saturdays. I like him.
22 Chapter 02

Answers p.3
A 주어진 말을 대신할 수 있는 대명사를 쓰시오.
e.g. Peter ➞ he
1 Jenny ➞ 2 my sister ➞
3 Mike and Sandy ➞ 4 a balloon ➞
5 her father ➞ 6 Lilly and I ➞
7 a doll ➞ 8 three cats ➞
9 you and I ➞ 10 Sam’s uncle ➞
11 Mr. Smith ➞ 12 his computer ➞
13 two people ➞ 14 Carol’s daughter ➞
15 Jake and you ➞ 16 My mom and dad ➞
e.g. We love ( his / him ) very much.

1 Jason is ( my / me ) cousin.
2 A dog moves ( its / it ) tail.
3 The dictionary on the table is ( her / hers ).
4 They work at ( our / ours ) company.
5 The new soccer ball is ( you / yours ).
6 The umbrella is yours. It’s not ( mine / me ).
7 We do our best. Many people trust ( our / us ).
8 I have two little brothers. I always care for ( their / them ).
C 빈칸에 알맞은 인칭대명사를 쓰시오.
e.g. I have a sister. She is ten years old.

1 This is my uncle. is a doctor.
2 I have a cat. name is Coco.
3 Sam and Laura are my friends. I like .
4 My brother is smart. favorite subject is math.
5 We like Ms. Lopez. is our role model.
6 Ten patients are in the hospital. Dr. Smith takes care of .
대명사 23

U n i t
this, that, it
this 말하는 사람과 가까이 있는 사람이나 사물을 가리킬 때 사용하는 대명사로 ‘이것, 이 사람’의 의미
이다. 복수형은 these이다.
This is my family photo.

These are my friends.
형용사적 쓰임
‌명사 앞에서 ‘이 (~)’의 의미로 형용사로 쓰이기도 한다.
This wallet is my friend’s.
I know these people.
that 말하는 사람으로부터 멀리 있는 사람이나 사물을 가리킬 때 사용하는 대명사로 ‘저것, 저 사람’의
의미이다. 복수형은 those이다.
That is my friend, Michael.

Those are my textbooks.
형용사적 쓰임
‌명사 앞에서 ‘저 (~)’의 의미로 형용사로 쓰이기도 한다.
Andy and I want that T‑shirt.
Those students are kind.
it 앞에서 이미 언급된 사물을 가리킬 때 사용하는 대명사로 ‘그것’의 의미이다. 사물뿐 아니라 동물
등 사람이 아닌 것은 모두 it으로 사용하는 것이 원칙이다. 복수형은 they이다.
This is my dog. It is two years old.

This is my dog and that is my friend’s cat. They are very close.
비인칭주어 it
‌날씨, 시간, 거리, 요일, 날짜, 계절, 명암 등을 나타낼 때 it을 주어로 쓴다. 이때 it은 특별히 무
엇을 가리키는 것이 아니므로, 해석하지 않는다.
It is windy and cloudy. It is 10 o’clock.
It is 30 kilometers. It is Tuesday.
It is May 8. It is spring.
It is dark outside.
24 Chapter 02

Answers p.4
A 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
e.g. Look at ( that / those ) cars. ( It / They ) look great.

1 ( That / Those ) are Mom’s magazines.
2 ( This / These ) is Billy. He is my cousin.
3 My mom and I love ( this / these ) flowers.
4 ( That / Those ) people are old. ( It / They ) are healthy.
5 ( This / These ) coat is clean. ( That / Those ) coat is dirty.
6 ( This / These ) is a fashionable backpack. ( It / They ) is Bill’s.
B 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
it they this that these those
1 저 식물들은 많은 물을 필요로 한다.

→ plants need a lot of water.
2 이것은 나의 여권이다. 저것은 Lisa의 것이다.
→ is my passport. is Lisa’s.
3 나는 이 노트북 컴퓨터가 마음에 든다. 그것은 가볍다.
→ I like laptop computer. is light.
4 이 만화책들은 Tom의 것이다. 그것들은 흥미롭다.
→ comic books are Tom’s. are interesting.
5 이 사람들은 내 학급 친구들이다. 저 남자 분이 내 수학 선생님이시다.
→ ‌ are my classmates. man is my math teacher.
C 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 대화를 완성하시오.
1 A: What time is it?

B: . Wendy is late for school. (ten thirty)
2 A: What day is it today?
B: . Today is Adam’s birthday. (Monday)
3 A: How is the weather in Seoul?
B: These days, in Seoul. (cloudy and rainy)
4 A: What’s the weather like today?
B: now. Wear warm clothes. (cold)
대명사 25

Writing Connection
1 Thomas is me brother.
2 Mary loves me. I also love hers.
3 Peter likes him new cell phone.
4 That soccer ball is not your. It’s mine.
5 Mike is my new classmate. His is from London.
1 is very cold today.

① This ② That ③ It
2 is her pencil case.

① This ② These ③ Those
3 is not my umbrella.
① That ② These ③ Those
4 are my brothers and sisters.

① This ② That ③ These
1 Put on these coat and these gloves.

① ②
2 This is my rabbit. They loves carrots.

① ②
3 You like your hairstyle. I like mine hairstyle.

① ②
4 She is a great singer. People love she very much.

① ②
26 Chapter 02

Answers p.4
A 그림을 보고 it, this, that, these, those 중 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 쓰시오.
1 is my friend, Ann. She’s from Canada.
puppy is brown. It is handsome.

2
cat is gray. is pretty.
3 are my twin brothers. They are babies.
4 are my books. are my hats.
B 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓴 후 관련된 그림과 연결하시오.
it he she they
1 • •ⓐ is Friday today.
2 • •ⓑ are my favorite singers.
ⓒ ‌Theman is my uncle. is
3 • •
a soldier.
4 • • ⓓ This is my aunt. is a pilot.
대명사 27

1 a. 그들은 우리를 아주 많이 사랑한다. (they)

→ love us very much.
b. 우리는 그들을 아주 많이 사랑한다.
→ We love very much.
2 a. 그들은 내 친구들이다. (I)
→ They are friends.
b. 그 책은 나의 것이다.
→ The book is .
3 a. 나는 당신을 존경한다. (you)
→ I respect .
b. 이 축구공은 너의 것이다.
→ This soccer ball is .
4 a. 이것은 그녀의 교과서이다. (this)
→ is her textbook.
b. 이것들은 Andy의 교과서들이다.
→ are Andy’s textbooks.
B 그림을 보고 다음 글을 완성하시오.
My classmates are in the park today. boy is Jeff.

나의 학급 친구들은 오늘 공원에 있다. (1) 이 남자아이는 Jeff이다.
is the class president in my class. girl is Janet.

(2) 그는 우리 반 반장이다. (3) 저 여자아이는 Janet이다.
She loves puppies very much. people are Julie

(4) 그녀는 그녀의 강아지들을 아주 많이 사랑한다. (5) 저 사람들은 Julie와 Brian이다.
and Brian. are my friends.

(6) 그들은 내 친구들이다.
28 Chapter 02

[1-2] 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. 5

•‌ is my best friend, Joshua.
1 • are my rabbits.
Linda needs help now.
① This ― That ② This ― These
① we ② us
③ These ― That ④ These ― These
③ our ④ him
⑤ These ― This
⑤ ours
[6-7] 밑줄 친 부분이 바른 것을 고르시오.

2
windy and cloudy today. 6 ① This is a ball.
② This is my parents.
① It is ② This is
③ This is turtles.
③ These are ④ Those are
④ These are his water bottle.
⑤ They are
⑤ These are her best friend, Sophia.
3 빈칸에 들어갈 수 없는 것은? 7 ① We love those man.

② I know those people.
I like very much. ③ He likes that women.
④ They need that trees.
① you ② him
⑤ She wants those sandwich.
③ her ④ them
⑤ my

① Walter
‌ and Paul are my classmates.
[4-5] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르 are very smart.
시오. ② He
‌ and she are my cousins. live in
4 Sydney.
•‌That’s not . It is Jack’s eraser. ③ The
‌ two kids are twins. are very
•‌Those are not . They are our
cute.
balls.
④ Angela
‌ and I are 14 years old. go
① my ― their ② me ― them to the same middle school.
③ me ― theirs ④ mine ― theirs ⑤ Chris
‌ and Jane teach English. work
⑤ mine ― their in China now.
대명사 29

[9-10] 밑
‌ 줄 친 부분이 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오. 13 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?
9 ① The jacket is mine. •‌This is Ann’s hamster. is cute.

② The umbrella is hers. •‌That is my brother’s guitar. is
③ The pizza is yours. nice.
④ The magazine is their.
① This ② That
⑤ The cell phone is his.
③ It ④ He
⑤ She
10 ① My camera is new.
② Your sandwich is delicious.
③ Us house is great.
④ Her pants are black.
⑤ His sunglasses are nice.
14 밑줄 친 부분을 가리키는 대명사가 잘못된 것은?

ⓛ This is Brian’s bag. ➞ his
[11-12] 우
‌ 리말을 영어로 바르게 옮긴 것을 고르시오. ② Anna is my favorite singer. ➞ She
③ I like my parents. ➞ them
11
그녀는 나의 책을 좋아한다. ④ Bob and I are good friends. ➞ We
⑤ That cell phone is Sally’s. ➞ her
① I like her book.
② I like hers book.
③ She likes my book.
④ She likes me book.
⑤ She likes mine book.
12
이 스카프는 그녀의 것이다.
15 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고친 것은?
① This scarf is hers. ① That are from Italy. ➞ This
② That scarf is hers. ② This people are from Japan. ➞ These
③ The scarves are hers. ③ That people are from China. ➞ This
④ These scarves are hers. ④ Those person is from England. ➞ These
⑤ Those scarves are hers. ⑤ These person is from Tokyo. ➞ Those
30 Chapter 02

Answers p.4
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 호 안의 말을 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 빈칸에 쓰
르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오. 시오.
16 20
저 사람들은 내 친구들이다. This bike is mine. That bike is .
(people, are, my, those) (he)
➞ friends.
21
I live in this house. My neighbors live in
houses. (that)
17
저 여자 분은 내 영어 선생님이시다.
(woman, is, that, my)
➞ English teacher.
[22-24] 우
22
저 소년은 내 사촌이다. (cousin)
➞ That boy is .
[18-19] 빈
18
•‌This is my friend, Jane. Everybody loves
.
•‌Look at the woman. name
23
is Lisa. 그들은 이 마을을 좋아한다. (town)
➞ They like .
19 24
• is hot today. 오늘은 화요일이다. (Tuesday)
• is 12 o’clock now.
➞ today.
대명사 31

h apter
C
03
be동사

be동사의 현재형
- be동사의 쓰임
- be동사의 현재형
be동사 현재형의 부정문과 의문문

- be동사 현재형의 부정문
- be동사 현재형의 의문문
be동사의 과거형
- be동사의 과거형
- be동사의 과거형의 부정문
- be동사의 과거형의 의문문
There is/are
- There is/are의 쓰임
- There is/are의 부정문
- There is/are의 의문문
- There is/are의 과거형

U n i t
be동사의 현재형
be동사의 쓰임 be동사는 ‘~이다, ~에 있다’는 의미로, 주어의 상태, 위치 등을 나타내는 동사이다.
I am Ella.
This story is fun.
My parents are in the garden.
(1) 이름, 직업을 나타내며 ‘(주어)가 ~이다’는 뜻이다.
Her name is Kate. She is a doctor.
(2) 상태, 성격을 나타내며 ‘(주어)가 어떠하다’는 뜻이다.

The movie is boring. Ben is sleepy.
(3) 장소, 위치를 나타내며 ‘(주어)가 ~에 있다’는 뜻이다.

She is in the kitchen. I am at the table.
be동사의 현재형 be동사의 현재형은 주어에 따라 am, are, is 중 하나를 쓴다.
I am Peter. Nice to meet you.

You are my best friend.
He is from Chicago.
주어 be동사의 현재형 줄임말
단수 I am I’m
1인칭
복수 we are we’re
2인칭 단수·복수 you are you’re
단수 he / she / it is he’s / she’s / it’s
3인칭
복수 they are they’re
일상적인 대화 또는 친구에게 쓰는 편지나 메모와 같은 비격식적인 글을 쓸 경우 주로 줄임말을

사용한다.
A: Sorry, I’m late.

B: It’s okay. You’re on time.
34 Chapter 03

Answers p.5
A 주어진 말에 쓸 수 있는 be동사로 알맞은 것을 괄호 안에서 고르시오.
e.g. Peter ➞ ( am / is )
1 I ➞ ( am / are ) 2 She ➞ ( am / is )
3 They ➞ ( is / are ) 4 We ➞ ( am / are )
5 Eric ➞ ( am / is ) 6 It ➞ ( is / am )
7 The book ➞ ( is / are ) 8 People ➞ ( is / are )
9 My uncle ➞ ( am / is ) 10 Kevin and Peter ➞ ( is / are )
B 밑줄 친 be동사의 의미로 알맞은 것을 골라 기호를 쓰시오.
ⓐ ~이다 ⓑ 어떠하다 ⓒ ~에 있다
1 He is very healthy. 2 It is my science project.

3 You are a good singer. 4 We are in the train.
5 Cathy is in Chinatown now. 6 Pizza is very delicious.
C 주어진 문장에서 밑줄 친 부분을 줄임말로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. He is busy now. ➞ He’s

1 We are in the hall. ➞ 2 I am a singer. ➞
3 It is sunny outside. ➞ 4 You are cute and lovely. ➞
5 They are my heroes. ➞ 6 She is a nurse. ➞
D 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
am is are
e.g. My sister is 15 years old.

1 I a movie star.
2 He and I from Paris.
3 The bench for everyone.
4 My English teacher a nice man.
5 Sarah and Helen in the post office.
6 Amy smart. She and I good friends.
be동사 35

U n i t
be동사 현재형의 부정문과 의문문
be동사 현재형의 be동사를 사용한 긍정문에서 be동사 뒤에 not을 써서 부정문을 만든다.

부정문 「be동사＋not」: ~가 아니다, (~에) 없다
She is not Ann. She is Anna.

He is not at home. He is in the market.
They are not nurses. They are doctors.
주어 부정형 줄임말
I am not I’m not I amn’t(×)

you are not you’re not you aren’t
he / she / it is not he’s / she’s / it’s not he / she / it isn’t
we / you / they are not we’re / you’re / they’re not we / you / they aren’t
be동사 현재형의 주어와 be동사의 위치를 바꿔 의문문을 만든다.

의문문 「be동사＋주어 ~?」: ~입니까?, (~에) 있습니까?
Is he a famous rock star?

Are you good at singing?
Are Kate and Tom at home?
A: Is Nancy your friend?
B: Yes, she is.
A: Are you interested in sports?
B: No, I’m not.
인칭 수 의문문 긍정의 대답 부정의 대답
단수 Am I ~? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

1인칭
복수 Are we ~? Yes, you / we are. No, you / we aren’t.
단수 Are you ~? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
2인칭
복수 Are you ~? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
단수 Is he / she / it ~? Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it isn’t.
3인칭
복수 Are they ~? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
36 Chapter 03

Answers p.5
e.g. He ( is not / am not ) my soccer team’s coach.

1 It ( is not / am not ) my fault.
2 Her sisters ( are not / am not ) children.
3 I ( am not / amn’t ) ready.
4 She ( are not / is not ) a dancer.
5 My grandparents ( isn’t / aren’t ) sick.
6 The teacher ( isn’t / aren’t ) 27 years old.
7 Judy and Kate ( is not / are not ) in Paris.
B 주어진 문장을 의문문으로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. She is a comedian.

➞ Is she a comedian?
1 I am your friend.
➞ your friend?
2 He is 20 years old.
➞ 20 years old?
3 She is a yoga teacher.
➞ a yoga teacher?
4 Mike
‌ and Carrie are in the hospital.
➞ in the hospital?
C 질문에 대한 알맞은 대답을 완성하시오.
e.g. A: Is he a soccer player?

B: No, he isn’t .
1 A: Are they in the bank?
B: Yes, .
2 A: Is the girl your sister?
B: Yes, .
3 A: Are the dogs under the bench?
B: No, .
4 A: Am I wrong?
B: No, .
be동사 37

U n i t
be동사의 과거형
be동사의 과거형 be동사의 과거형은 ‘~이었다’, ‘~에 있었다’라는 의미를 나타낸다. am, is의 과거형은 was이고,
are의 과거형은 were이다.
Scott was a pilot long ago.

The pants were too long a year ago.
be동사 과거형의 be동사의 과거형 뒤에 not을 써서 부정문을 만든다.

부정문 「be동사의 과거형＋not」: ~가 아니었다, ~에 없었다
Jason was not shy on the stage.

We were not at the tennis court yesterday.
주어 부정형 줄임말
I was not I wasn’t

you were not you weren’t
he /she / it was not he / she / it wasn’t
we / you / they were not we / you / they weren’t
be동사 과거형의 주어와 be동사의 위치를 바꿔 의문문을 만든다.

의문문 「be동사의 과거형＋주어 ~?」: ~이었습니까?, ~에 있었습니까?
Was she your classmate?

Were they at the mountains last Friday?
A: Was Sam busy with his homework?
B: Yes, he was.
인칭 수 의문문 긍정의 대답 부정의 대답
단수 Was I ~? Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.

1인칭
복수 Were we ~? Yes, you / we were. No, you / we weren’t.
단수 Were you ~? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
2인칭
복수 Were you ~? Yes, we were. No, we weren’t.
단수 Was he / she / it ~? Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t.
3인칭
복수 Were they ~? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
38 Chapter 03

Answers p.5
A 괄호 안에서 어법상 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
e.g. They ( was / were ) in a hurry yesterday.

1 The concert ( was / were ) great.
2 I ( was / were ) in Jeju Island last summer.
3 We ( was / were ) at the museum together.
4 She and I ( was / were ) in the same classroom.
5 He ( was / were ) a famous car racer five years ago.
B 주어진 문장을 부정문으로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. The party was fun.

➞ The party was not 〔 wasn’t〕 fun.
1 ‌Kevin was in the theater.

➞ Kevin in the theater.
2 ‌I was an elementary school student.
➞ I an elementary school student.
3 ‌Pauland Ben were best friends.
➞ Paul and Ben best friends.
C 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 넣어 대화를 완성하시오.
e.g. A: Were you at home yesterday?

B: Yes, I was .
1 A: it hot this morning?

B: No, .
2 A: he a famous singer ten years ago?
B: Yes, .
3 A: they 12 years old last year?
B: No, .
D 괄호 안의 말을 바르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. Were you in the 5th grade last year? (you, were)
1 in bed yesterday. (was, Jessie, sick)
2 happy about the news. (not, were, we)
3 hungry at that time? (he, was)
4 too heavy. (boxes, were, the)
be동사 39

U n i t
There is/are
There is / are의 어떤 것이 존재한다는 것을 처음 언급할 때 사용한다. 이때, there는 ‘그곳에’라고 해석하지 않는다.
쓰임 「 There is / are＋주어」: ~가 있다
There is a cat in the bush.

There are three giraffes at the zoo.
be동사는 뒤에 나오는 명사의 수에 따라 is나 are를 쓴다.
「 There is＋셀 수 있는 명사의 단수형, 셀 수 없는 명사」
「 There are＋셀 수 있는 명사의 복수형」
There is / are의 be동사 다음에 not을 써서 표현한다. 「 There is / are＋not ~」: (…에) ~이 없다
부정문
There is not a bakery on the corner.
There are not many people at the party.
There is / are의 be동사와 there의 위치를 바꿔 만든다. 「Is / Are there ~?」: (…에) ~이 있나요?
의문문
Is there an egg in the basket?
Are there students on the playground?
A: Is there a cap at home?
B: Yes, there is. It is on the sofa.
A: Are there many people in the library?
B: No, there aren’t.
There is / are의 There is / are의 과거형은 be동사를 과거형으로 바꿔 나타낸다.

과거형 「 There was / were ＋ 주어」: ~가 있었다
There was a snowstorm last week.

There were two oranges on the table.
40 Chapter 03

Answers p.5
e.g. There ( is / are ) a station around here.

1 There ( is / are ) some flowers in the garden.
2 There ( is / are ) an elephant in the zoo.
3 There ( is / are ) five buttons on the shirt.
4 There ( is / are ) sugar in the bowl.
B isn’t 또는 aren’t 중 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.

e.g. There aren’t cats under the chair.
1 There a toy store near my house.
2 There many stars in the sky.
3 There any money in my pocket.
4 There cups on the table.
C there is / are를 이용하여 대화를 완성하시오.

e.g. A: Are there two rooms in your house?
B: No, there aren’t .
1 A: a computer in your room?

B: Yes, .
2 A: basketballs and soccer balls in the gym?
B: No, .
3 A: a boy in the bakery?
B: No, .
4 A: flowers in the vase?
B: Yes, .
D 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.
e.g. There was a girl in the pool yesterday.

1 There a big tree here ten years ago.
2 There five lemons in the bowl an hour ago.
3 There milk in front of your house last night.
4 There so many students in one classroom in the 1980s.
be동사 41

Writing Connection
1 They is my old friends.
2 I is kind and honest.
3 Steven was fine now.
4 Their baby is two years old last year.
5 His classmates are sleepy yesterday.
1 I in Tokyo last weekend.

① am not ② was not ③ were not
2 We at the beach now.
① are not ② was not ③ were not
3 Bill and Jake at the library last evening?
① Is ② Was ③ Were
4 David tired now?

① Are ② Is ③ Was
1 There is a bench. Are three cats there under the bench?

① ②
2 There is a concert hall here four years ago. There is a park here now.
① ②
3 I amn’t in the market. I’m in the playground now.

① ②
4 Chris was in London last weekend. He isn’t in Rome at that time.

① ②
42 Chapter 03

Answers pp.5~6
A 사진을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. There is a puppy on the bench. (puppy)
1 There in the basket. (apple)
2 There on the street. (flower shop)
3 There in the glass. (milk)
4 There in the hat. (rabbit)
B 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 넣어 대화를 완성하시오.
e.g. A: Is Dennis in Paris now?

B: Yes, he is .
1 A: Am I right?
B: No, . You are wrong.
2 A: Are there fruit trees in the garden?

B: Yes, .
3 A: Was Kate in the bookstore?

B: No, .
4 A: Harold and Kelly from America?

B: No, . They are from Canada.
5 A: the movie fun last evening?

B: Yes, .
be동사 43

1 a. 그들은 14살이다. (be)

→ 14 years old.
b. 그녀는 13살이다.
→
2 a. 너는 그것에 대해 걱정하니? (be)

→ worried about it?
b. 그는 그것에 대해 걱정하니?
→
3 a. Jessica의 생일 파티는 재미있었다. (fun)

Jessica’s birthday party
→ .
b. David의 생일 파티는 재미없었다.
→ David’s .
4 a. 나뭇가지 위에 새가 한 마리 있었다. (bird)
→ There on a branch.
b. 나뭇가지 위에 새가 네 마리 있었다.
→
B 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 다음 글을 완성하시오.
This my family photo. These

(1) 이것은 나의 가족사진이다.
people are my parents. They are very kind.

이분들은 나의 부모님이시다. 그들은 매우 친절하다.
I love them. This is my sister Jenny.

나는 그들을 사랑한다. 이 사람은 나의 언니 Jenny이다.
She tall at that time. She

(2) 그녀는 그 당시에 키가 크지 않았다.
very tall now. These babies my sister and me.

(3) 그녀는 지금은 매우 키가 크다. (4) 이 아기들은 내 여동생과 나이다.
We twins. We two years old at that time. We

(5) 우리는 쌍둥이이다. (6) 우리는 그 당시에 두 살이었다.
are a happy family.

우리는 행복한 가족이다.
44 Chapter 03

[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르 4 빈칸에 들어갈 말이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
시오. ① Heather’s parents in the house.
② Amanda’s children in the kitchen.
1
•I not a dentist. ③ Dorothy’s sister in the garden.
•‌Philip and John my close ④ Brian’s grandparents in the car.
friends. ⑤ Tom’s
‌ brothers in the pool.
① am ― is ② am ― are
③ am ― am ④ is ― are
⑤ is ― is
5 주어진 문장을 부정문으로 바꿀 때 not이 들어갈

알맞은 위치는?
(①) They (②) were (③) very (④) tired

yesterday. (⑤)
2
•‌They baseball players last
year.
•‌My mom in Rome yesterday.
① was ― is ② was ― were [6-7] 빈

‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
③ were ― is ④ were ― was
⑤ are ― was
6
Diana in Canada two days
ago.
① am ② is ③ are
④ was ⑤ were
3 빈칸에 들어갈 수 없는 것은?
His house very big.

7
There two tall trees in the
garden three years ago.
① is ② was
③ were ④ isn’t ① am ② is ③ are
⑤ wasn’t ④ was ⑤ were
be동사 45

8 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은? [12-13] 우
A: ‌ a clothing store in this 12

그들은 과거에 유명하지 않았다.
building?
B: No, there isn’t. ① They are famous in the past.
① There is ② There are ② They are not famous in the past.
③ Is she ④ Are we ③ They were famous in the past.
⑤ Is there ④ They was not famous in the past.

⑤ They were not famous in the past.
9 밑줄 친 부분의 형태가 잘못된 것은?

13
① I amn’t hungry now. 어제 Peter는 집에 있었니?
② He wasn’t angry at you.

① Is Peter at home yesterday?
③ Paul isn’t a teacher.
② Isn’t Peter at home yesterday?
④ You aren’t my friend.
③ Was Peter at home yesterday?
⑤ We weren’t sick at all.
④ Wasn’t Peter at home yesterday?
⑤ Were Peter at home yesterday?
[10-11] 질
‌ 문에 대한 대답으로 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
10
A: Are Lisa and Tom in the same class? ① I were happy yesterday. ➞ was
B: ② There was many shops before. ➞ are
③ You were free now. ➞ is
① Yes, he is. ② Yes, she is.
④ Their car are very nice. ➞ were
③ Yes, they are. ④ No, she isn’t.
⑤ My mom are always my hero. ➞ am
⑤ No, we’re not.
15 밑줄 친 부분이 어법상 틀린 것은?

11 ① There are children in the garden.
A: Were you and your brother busy?
② There isn’t milk in the refrigerator.
B:
③ Was there a candle on the table?
① Yes, I am. ② Yes, I was. ④ Were there tall buildings here in 1990s?
③ Yes, we are. ④ No, I wasn’t. ⑤ There
‌ was not many students in the
⑤ No, we weren’t. classroom.
46 Chapter 03

Answers p.6
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 [20-21] 주
‌ 어진 조건에 맞게 문장을 바꿔 쓰시오.
르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오.
20
The weather was nice yesterday.
16
주차장에는 차들이 많니? → ‌(부정문)
(are, many cars, there) nice yesterday.
➞ ‌ in the
parking lot?
21
His favorite sport is soccer.
→ ‌(의문문)
soccer?
17
그들이 작년에는 키가 크지 않았다.
(were, they, not, tall)
➞ ‌ last year. [22-24] 우

22
그는 나의 과학 선생님이 아니다. (not)
➞ ‌ my
science teacher.
[18-19] 빈
18
• she in Mexico last year?
•‌Andrew shy on the stage
yesterday.
23
어제 파리는 날씨가 더웠나요? (hot)
➞ ‌ in
Paris yesterday?
19
•‌He had breakfast. He is 24
이곳에 소방서가 하나 있었다. (a fire station)
hungry.
•‌We are from China. We are ➞ ‌
from India.
here.
be동사 47

h apter
C
04
일반동사

일반동사의 현재형
- 일반동사 현재형의 쓰임
- 일반동사 현재형의 형태
일반동사 현재형의 부정문과 의문문

- 일반동사 현재형의 부정문
- 일반동사 현재형의 의문문
일반동사의 과거형
- 일반동사의 과거형
- 규칙 변화
- 불규칙 변화
일반동사 과거형의 부정문과 의문문

- 일반동사 과거형의 부정문
- 일반동사 과거형의 의문문

U n i t
일반동사의 현재형
일반동사 현재형의 일반동사는 주어의 동작이나 상태를 나타내는 말로, eat, like, love 등이 있다. 일반동사의 현재
쓰임 형은 현재의 일반적인 사실, 반복적인 습관을 나타낸다.
I like pizza very much.

James plays the piano very well.
I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.
The sun rises in the east.
일반동사 현재형의 일반동사의 현재형은 주어에 따라 형태가 변한다. 주로 동사원형을 쓰고, 주어가 3인칭 단수
형태 (he / she / it)일 경우에는 동사원형 뒤에 -(e)s를 붙인다.
We play soccer after school.

He knows almost everything.
She watches TV every day.
Diana studies Korean these days.
일반동사의 3인칭 단수 현재형
loves buys likes reads takes

대부분의 동사 동사원형＋-s
knows runs drinks speaks needs
-ch, -sh, -o, -s, -x 등 watches washes goes does kisses
동사원형＋-es
으로 끝나는 동사 mixes fixes
study ➞ studies cry ➞ cries try ➞ tries
「자음＋-y」로 끝나는 동사 -y ➞ -i ＋-es
fly ➞ flies marry ➞ marries
불규칙 동사 have ➞ has
동사: 사람 혹은 사물의 움직임이나 상태를 묘사하는 말
동사는 크게 be동사(am, are, is), 조동사(will, can...), 일반동사(want, like, play...)로 구분

한다. be동사와 일반동사는 시제, 인칭에 따라 동사원형을 쓰거나, 형태를 변형시켜 쓴다.
50 Chapter 04

Answers p.7
A 주어진 동사를 3인칭 단수 현재형으로 쓰시오.
e.g. like ➞ likes

1 study ➞ 2 go ➞
3 eat ➞ 4 speak ➞
5 run ➞ 6 buy ➞
7 do ➞ 8 catch ➞
9 fly ➞ 10 take ➞
11 fix ➞ 12 play ➞
13 read ➞ 14 wash ➞
15 cry ➞ 16 have ➞
e.g. He ( go / goes ) shopping every Saturday.

1 I ( love / loves ) chocolate cake very much.
2 They ( play / plays ) the violin very well.
3 She ( live / lives ) near her school.
4 You ( need / needs ) your passport.
5 Jenny ( drink / drinks ) milk every day.
6 It ( taste / tastes ) very good.
7 We ( clean / cleans ) our classroom.
8 Peter ( teach / teaches ) English in a middle school.
C 괄호 안의 말을 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. My brother goes to school early in the morning. (go)

1 My uncle TV after dinner. (watch)
2 Robert soccer with his friends. (practice)
3 They their dog in the evening. (walk)
4 I the newspaper almost every morning. (read)
5 She English for five hours a day. (study)
6 The photographer pictures of wild animals. (take)
일반동사 51

U n i t
일반동사 현재형의 부정문과 의문문
일반동사 현재형의 일반동사의 앞에 do〔does〕 not을 써서 부정문을 만든다.

부정문 「do〔does〕 not ＋ 동사원형」: ~하지 않는다
Monkeys don’t like onions.

Jessie doesn’t have breakfast.
Tom and Amy don’t watch movies.
I / You / We / They do not〔don’t〕

동사원형
He / She / It does not〔doesn’t〕
일반동사 현재형의 문장 앞에 do〔does〕를 써서 의문문을 만든다.

의문문 「Do〔Does〕＋ 주어 ＋ 동사원형 ~?」: ~하니?
They play basketball every day.

➞ Do they play basketball every day?
He plays the guitar on weekends.

➞ Does he play the guitar on weekends?
A: Do Sarah and Jenny study together?

B: Yes, they do.
A: Does your sister love chocolate?
B: No, she doesn’t.
Do〔Does〕＋주어＋동사원형 ~? 긍정의 대답 부정의 대답
Do＋I / we / you / they＋동사원형 ~? Yes, 주어＋do. No, 주어＋don’t.

Does＋he / she / it＋동사원형 ~? Yes, 주어＋does. No, 주어＋doesn’t.
조동사: 동사 앞에서 동사의 의미를 보충하여 말의 의도를 다양하게 전달해 주는 말
조동사 do나 does는 일반동사 부정문과 의문문을 만드는 데 사용되며, 조동사로 쓰인 do / does는
일반동사 do(~하다)와는 달리 의미가 없다. 조동사 다음에는 반드시 동사의 원형을 써야 한다.
52 Chapter 04

Answers p.7
e.g. I ( don’t / doesn’t ) study after 9 p.m.

1 He ( don’t / doesn’t ) need your help.
2 She doesn’t ( have / has ) a boyfriend.
3 We don’t ( live / lives ) in a big city.
4 The bird ( don’t / doesn’t ) fly at night.
5 They ( don’t / doesn’t ) eat junk food.
6 My brother ( don’t / doesn’t ) call me often.
B 주어진 조건에 맞게 문장을 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. I have a brother.

→ (부정문) I don’t have a brother.
→ (의문문) Do I have a brother?
1 We wear gloves and boots.

→ (부정문) gloves and boots.
→ (의문문) gloves and boots?
2 She likes dogs and cats.
→ (부정문) dogs and cats.
→ (의문문) dogs and cats?
3 Tim remembers my birthday.
→ (부정문) my birthday.
→ (의문문) my birthday?
e.g. A: Does this animal have a long neck?

B: Yes, it does .
1 A: Does this man work at the post office?
B: No, .
2 A: Do these people wear glasses?
B: Yes, .
3 A: Do the boy and the girl have dogs?
B: No, .
일반동사 53

U n i t
일반동사의 과거형
일반동사의 과거형 일반동사의 과거형은 과거의 상태나 과거에 일어난 일을 나타낸다.
I opened the window early this morning.

Andrew listened to the song last night.
The students had a great time yesterday.
cf. 과
‌ 거를 나타낼 때는 yesterday, last week, two years ago 등 과거를 나타내는 표현들과 함께
쓴다.
He stayed at home yesterday.
I played soccer last Sunday.
Mary traveled to Spain a year ago.
규칙 변화 동사원형에 -(e)d를 붙여 과거형으로 만든다.
대부분의 동사 동사원형＋-ed ask ➞ asked clean ➞ cleaned

-e로 끝나는 동사 동사원형＋-d move ➞ moved live ➞ lived
「자음＋-y」로 끝나는 동사 -y ➞ -i ＋-ed study ➞ studied cry ➞ cried
「단모음＋단자음」으로 끝 자음을 한 번 plan ➞ planned stop ➞ stopped
끝나는 동사 더 쓰고 + -ed drop ➞ dropped
He cleaned his room two hours ago.

She smiled at me yesterday.
불규칙 변화 동사원형에 -(e)d를 붙이지 않고, 불규칙하게 변하는 것도 있다.
put ➞ put cut ➞ cut hit ➞ hit

현재형과 과거형이 같은 동사
read[rid] ➞ read[red]
get ➞ got come ➞ came drink ➞ drank
모음만 변하는 동사
write ➞ wrote run ➞ ran swim ➞ swam
do ➞ did have ➞ had go ➞ went
전체적으로 변하는 동사
teach ➞ taught eat ➞ ate see ➞ saw
We had dinner with Mr. Clark last night.

He did his math homework alone.
54 Chapter 04

Answers p.7
A 주어진 동사의 과거형을 쓰시오.
e.g. have ➞ had

1 need ➞ 2 copy ➞
3 do ➞ 4 cut ➞
5 plan ➞ 6 teach ➞
7 get ➞ 8 swim ➞
9 dance ➞ 10 study ➞
11 go ➞ 12 think ➞
13 come ➞ 14 stop ➞
B 밑줄 친 부분을 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. He goes shopping every Saturday.

→ He went shopping last Saturday.
1 Jen wakes up at 7 a.m. every morning.
→ Jen up at 7 a.m. this morning.
2 They play the violin every day.
→ They the violin yesterday.
3 I drink a glass of milk every morning.
→ I a glass of milk an hour ago.
4 We sleep for eight hours every day.
→ We for eight hours last night.
C 사진을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 문장을 완성하시오.
1 Kate a hamburger yesterday (eat).
Lucy a book at the park last Saturday.

2
(read)
Grace a present to her mother this

3
morning. (give)
일반동사 55

U n i t
일반동사 과거형의 부정문과 의문문
일반동사 과거형의 주어의 인칭과 수에 관계없이 「did not〔didn’t〕＋동사원형」의 형태로 쓴다.

부정문
I didn’t drink a glass of water this morning.
It didn’t snow a lot last Sunday.
The students didn’t clean their classroom.
•‌부정문에서 didn’t 다음에 일반동사의 원형을 쓰는 것에 주의한다.
I didn’t ate candy. (×) I didn’t eat candy. ()
일반동사 과거형의 주어의 인칭과 수에 관계없이 「Did＋주어＋동사원형 ~?」의 형태로 쓴다.

의문문
Did Mary go to school early in the morning?
Did you enjoy the trip?
Did the students plant flowers?
A: Did they play computer games?
B: Yes, they did.
A: Did Peter visit his grandma?
B: No, he didn’t.
의문문 긍정의 대답 부정의 대답
Did＋주어＋동사원형 ~? Yes, 주어＋did. No, 주어＋didn’t.
조동사 do 다음에 왜 동사원형을 쓸까?

다음 밑줄 친 동사와 조동사를 보고 어떤 정보가 담겨 있는지 생각해 보자.
a. He goes shopping. → He doesn’t go shopping. Does he go shopping?

b. He went shopping. → He didn’t go shopping. Did he go shopping?
56 Chapter 04

Answers p.7
e.g. I didn’t ( play / played ) the piano yesterday.

1 She ( don’t / didn’t ) leave early.
2 We didn’t ( need / needed ) ice.
3 The dogs ( don’t / didn’t ) run fast two hours ago.
4 He ( didn’t / doesn’t ) do his homework last Friday.
5 They didn’t ( arrive / arrived ) in Seoul at noon.
B 주어진 조건에 맞게 문장을 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. You wrote an essay.

→ (부정문) You didn’t write an essay.
→ (의문문) Did you write an essay?
1 She lost her glasses.

→ (부정문) She her glasses.
→ (의문문) she her glasses?
2 Jessie wanted a dress.
→ (부정문) Jessie a dress.
→ (의문문) Jessie a dress?
3 He read a newspaper yesterday.
→ (부정문) He a newspaper yesterday.
→ (의문문) he a newspaper yesterday?
4 Bob put his bag on the bench.
→ (부정문) Bob his bag on the bench.
→ (의문문) Bob his bag on the bench?
e.g. A: Did Linda bring an umbrella yesterday?

B: No, she didn’t .
1 A: Did Tom get a good grade last Monday?

B: Yes, .
2 A: Did they play soccer last weekend?
B: No, .
3 A: Did she get up before 7 o’clock this morning?
B: Yes, .
일반동사 57

Writing Connection
1 He play the guitar very well.
2 We studies math every day.
3 Do Jack know about the news?
4 We doesn’t buy fruits on Mondays.
5 Lisa doesn’t watches TV at night.
1 Helen drink hot chocolate last night.

① don’t ② doesn’t ③ didn’t
2 They very well in the school musical last year.

① sang ② sing ③ sings
3 you meet Jenny yesterday?

① Do ② Did ③ Does
4 Did Betty English in Japan two years ago?
① teach ② teaches ③ taught
1 Do you went jogging in the morning?

① ②
2 Do Sarah listen to music last night?

① ②
3 We took a bus yesterday. We don’t walk.

① ②
4 James didn’t gets up early. He went to bed late last night.

① ②
58 Chapter 04

Answers p.8
A 그림을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 고른 후, 적절한 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
go get up have cry
1 The baby every day.
2 Steven to school by bicycle.
3 Jane two dogs and two cats.
4 Susan early in the morning.
B 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 넣어 대화를 완성하시오.
e.g. A: Did Peter go to the movies last Saturday?

B: Yes, he did.
1 A: Did Ryan run a marathon last weekend?

B: No, he .
2 A: Donna like a green salad?

B: Yes, she does.
3 A: Maria ride a horse two days ago?

B: No, she didn’t.
4 A: Does John go to bed early?

B: No, he .
일반동사 59

1 a. Jackie는 매일 자전거를 탄다. (ride)

→ Jackie a bicycle every day.
b. 그녀는 오늘 자전거를 탔다.
→ a bicycle today.
2 a. 나는 수학을 좋아하지 않는다. (like)
→ I math.
b. 그는 과학을 좋아하지 않는다.
→ science.
3 a. 우리는 축구를 하지 않는다. (play)
→ We soccer.
b. 그들은 어제 야구를 하지 않았다.
→ baseball yesterday.
4 a. 너는 영어를 말하니? (speak)
→ Do English?
b. 그녀는 프랑스어를 말하니?
→ French?
Jim and I (go) to a concert

(1) Jim과 나는 지난 주말에 콘서트를 갔다.
last weekend. We (buy) tickets

(2) 우리는 온라인으로 티켓을 샀다.
online. We (take) a bus to

(3) 우리는 스타디움까지 버스를 탔다.
the stadium. We (see) a lot of

(4) 우리는 많은 사람들을 봤다.
people. The band’s singer (say) hello to the crowd. Then

(5) 밴드의 가수는 군중에게 인사를 했다.
he (sing) many songs. I (have) a great time.

(6) 그러고 나서 그는 많은 노래를 불렀다. (7) 나는 매우 좋은 시간을 보냈다.
60 Chapter 04

1 동사의 3인칭 단수 현재형이 잘못 연결된 것은? 5 빈칸에 들어갈 수 없는 것은?

① do ― does ② have ― has
My brother soccer well.
③ dance ― dances ④ copy ― copys
⑤ catch ― catches ① plays ② played
③ didn’t play ④ doesn’t play
⑤ don’t play
[2-3] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르
시오.
2
•I like vegetables.
•She like meat.
① don’t ― don’t 6 주어진 문장에 don’t가 들어갈 알맞은 위치는?
② don’t ― doesn’t
( ① ) We ( ② ) have ( ③ ) many ( ④ )
③ doesn’t ― don’t
books ( ⑤ ).
④ doesn’t ― doesn’t
⑤ doesn’t ― didn’t
3
•They a movie yesterday.
•‌We didn’t James last
7 주어진 문장의 의문문으로 알맞은 것은?
weekend.
Judy stays at home with her family every
① see ― see ② sees ― saw
night.
③ saw ― see ④ saw ― saw
⑤ saw ― sees ① ‌Is Judy stay at home with her family every
night?
② ‌Do Judy stay at home with her family
every night?
4 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은? ③ ‌Does Judy stay at home with her family
every night?
A: Does James do his best?
④ ‌Was Judy stay at home with her family
B: No, he .
every night?
① isn’t ② wasn’t ⑤ ‌Did Judy stay at home with her family
③ don’t ④ doesn’t every night?
⑤ didn’t
일반동사 61

[8-9] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. [12-13] 우
8 12
I met Elizabeth . 그는 새 스마트폰을 사지 않았다.
① now ② tomorrow ① He doesn’t buy a new smartphone.

③ yesterday ④ next week ② He doesn’t buys a new smartphone.
⑤ five days later ③ He didn’t buy a new smartphone.
④ He didn’t buys a new smartphone.
⑤ He didn’t bought a new smartphone.
9
Jen live here long ago?
13
그들이 학교에 버스를 타고 가나요?
① Is ② Was ③ Do
④ Does ⑤ Did ① Do they go to school by bus?
② Do they going to school by bus?
③ Did they go to school by bus?
④ Does they go to school by bus?
⑤ Does they going to school by bus?
[10-11] 질
‌ 문에 대한 대답으로 적절한 것을 고르시오.
10
A: Do you wear glasses?
B: 14 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고치지 않은 것은?
① Susan teach music. ➞ teaches
① Yes, I am. ② Yes, I do. ② The bird fly high. ➞ flies
③ Yes, you are. ④ No, you don’t. ③ Peter have a girlfriend. ➞ haves
⑤ No, I didn’t. ④ She go shopping on Saturdays. ➞ goes
⑤ He love his family very much. ➞ loves
11 15 밑줄 친 부분이 어법상 틀린 것은?

A: Does Michael miss his family?
① I helped Mary and her sister yesterday.
B:
② He visited Ms. Potter last Friday.
① Yes, he is. ② Yes, he did. ③ The girl called me an hour ago.
③ No, he isn’t. ④ No, he didn’t. ④ She cried a lot yesterday.
⑤ No, he doesn’t. ⑤ They watch a movie last night.
62 Chapter 04

Answers p.8
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
20
I wear a cap in the summer.
16
너는 어젯밤에 우유를 마셨니? → ‌(부정문)
(drink, did, milk, you) a cap in the summer.
➞ ‌ last night?
21
Chris visited his grandparents.
→ ‌(의문문)
his grandparents?
17
수영 수업은 9시에 시작하지 않는다.
(doesn’t, begin, the swimming class)
➞ ‌
at 9 o’clock. [22-24] 우
22
그는 도서관에서 책 한 권을 읽었다. (read)
➞ He
‌ in
the library.
[18-19] 빈
18
•‌ they live in this apartment
now?
•‌We not want to go home 23
어제 런던에는 비가 왔나요? (it, rain)
now.
➞ ‌ in
London yesterday?
24
19 나는 오늘 아침에 내 지갑을 잃어버렸다.
•‌I have lunch. I am hungry
(lose, wallet)
now.
•‌Amy take a bus. She walked ➞ ‌
to school.
this morning.
일반동사 63

h apter
C
05
동사의 종류

동사의 종류 1
- 주어와 동사만으로 문장을 만드는 동사
- 목적어가 필요한 동사
- 목적어가 두 개 필요한 동사
동사의 종류 2
- 주격보어가 필요한 동사
- 목적격보어가 필요한 동사

U n i t
동사의 종류 1
주어와 동사만으로 주어와 동사만으로 완전한 의미를 나타내어, 「주어＋동사」의 형태로 문장을 구성한다. 장소, 방법,
문장을 만드는 동사 시간 등을 나타내는 수식어구를 사용하면 의미를 더 자세하게 전달할 수 있다.
A girl smiled. 목적어가 필요 없는 동사

Something happened. smile, happen, begin, cry, arrive, sing,
run, jump, come, go, walk, sleep, live,
The first class begins at nine. study, dance, drive, work...
수식어구
목적어가 필요한 목적어(~을/를)가 필요한 동사로, 「주어＋동사＋목적어」의 형태로 문장을 구성한다. 이때 목적어
동사 자리에는 명사, 대명사 등 명사 역할을 하는 말을 쓴다.
Kevin loves her very much. 목적어가 필요한 동사

I took pictures at the park. love, take, like, want, buy, know, help,
meet, have, watch, read...
목적어가 두 개 간접목적어(~에게)와 직접목적어(~을/를)의 두 개의 목적어가 필요한 동사로, 「주어＋동사＋간접

필요한 동사 목적어＋직접목적어」의 형태로 문장을 구성한다. 이때 간접목적어로는 주로 사람이, 직접목적어로
는 주로 사물이 쓰인다.
Sam gave me his old sunglasses. 목적어가 두 개 필요한 동사

She bought her son a gift. give, send, tell, pass, ask, show, bring,
teach, offer, lend, buy, cook, make...
He asked me many questions.
cf. 직접목적어가 간접목적어 앞에 나오는 경우 간접목적어는 전치사 to/for/of와 함께 쓰인다.
She showed a bird to us.
My uncle bought a toy for me.
Paul asked some questions of Mary.
문장의 구성 성분
문장을 이루는 성분에는 주어, 동사, 목적어, 보어, 수식어가 있다. 기본적으로 영어의 문장은
주어와 동사로 이루어지는데, 동사 뒤에 어떤 성분이 오는가에 따라 문장의 종류가 달라진다.
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A 문장에서 목적어를 찾아 쓰고, 없으면 ×표를 하시오.
e.g. He dances very well. ×

1 The kid jumps high.
2 Students have a good plan.
3 She always drives carefully.
4 They want a map of this park.
5 I met Roy at the party last week.
6 Harold sent Jack an email.
B 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
studies buys knows reads watches has works
e.g. My uncle buys coffee every morning.

1 Tony math very hard.
2 David my cousin.
3 Andrew at the hospital.
4 My sister TV in the evening.
5 Alice usually lunch with Jason.
6 My father a newspaper every night.
C 괄호 안의 말을 바르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. She gave him the CD . (the CD, him)

1 He taught . (English, them)
2 You can ask . (questions, me)
3 Joshua . (us, told, an interesting story)
4 Mom . (cooked, some pancakes, me)
5 They . (a house, built, their birds)
6 Amy . (shows, a picture book, the children)
동사의 종류 67

U n i t
동사의 종류 2
주격보어가 필요한 주어를 보충 설명해주는 주격보어가 필요한 동사는 「주어＋동사＋주격보어」의 형태로 쓰며, be,
동사 become, look 등의 동사가 있다. 주격보어로는 명사, 형용사 등이 쓰인다.
I am sleepy.
She looks sad today.
It sounds nice to me.
(1) 「주어＋상태를 나타내는 동사＋주격보어」 상태를 나타내는 동사
My mom is a dentist. be, become, go, get...
The concert hall became noisy.
His backpack is heavy.
(2) ‌「주어＋감각동사＋주격보어」 감각동사

Today’s lunch tasted delicious. look, feel, smell, sound,
The soup smells great. taste...
Peter feels terrible because of the bad weather.
목적격보어가 필요한 목적어를 보충 설명해주는 목적격보어가 필요한 동사는 「주어＋동사＋목적어＋목적격보어」의 형

동사 태로 쓰며, make, call, find 등의 동사가 있다. 목적격보어로는 명사, 형용사 등이 쓰인다.
People call him a genius. 목적격보어가 필요한 동사
I found this story boring. make, call, find, keep,

name, paint...
He made her a famous actress.
Please keep your room clean.
문장에 따라 make의 의미는 어떻게 다를까?

다음 두 문장을 읽고 의미의 차이를 생각해보자.
He made her a famous singer. He made her a new table.

her＝a famous singer her≠a new table
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Answers p.9
e.g. Those flowers are ( fresh / freshly ).

1 He ( looks / has ) upset.
2 It sounds ( great / greatly ).
3 Lisa ( is / goes ) one of my best friends.
4 Tim felt ( tired / tire ) at that moment.
5 Oranges and lemons smell ( different / differently ).
B 괄호 안의 말을 바르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. Sandy looks angry today. (angry, looks)

1 Steven . (a designer, is)
2 I don’t anymore. (sad, feel)
3 Your idea . (very nice, sounds)
4 I will . (make, a famous actor, you)
5 Jack and I . (the news, found, true)
C 주어진 말에서 알맞은 것을 골라 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
made painted looked named
Eating vegetables made me healthy .

e.g.
(me, healthy)
Mark won a gold medal. He .

1
(excited)
2 We . (Merry, the puppy)

Merry
Peter and Amy .

3
(blue, the wall)
동사의 종류 69

Writing Connection
1 The movie begins it at 3 o’clock.
2 I bought to my daughter a doll.
3 Daniel showed his homework me.
4 They watched on TV the movie.
1 Brian felt last Saturday.

① happily ② terrible ③ greatly
2 They keep the password .

① secret ② safely ③ carefully
3 His voice sounded .

① love ② loves ③ lovely
4 Nancy made her son .

① sadly ② cried ③ a pianist
1 I felt sick at that time, but he looked health.

① ②
2 I met to my old friend. We walked together and talked.

① ②
3 People call him a hero. He helps everyone. People felt thankfully.

① ②
4 The food was not enough. So I gave some pizza guests.

① ②
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Answers p.10
A 그림을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
noisy song angry safe
1 Jane keeps the jewel .
2 The girl sang her baby brother a .
3 I broke the window. Mrs. Hill got .
A man talked on the phone in the subway.

4
It sounded .
e.g. My mother cooked me pizza . (pizza, me, cooked)
1 Jason well. (this place, knows)

2 soon. (leaves, the train)
3 He . (made, a toy car, me)
4 Mary . (the newspaper, reads, carefully)
5 in September. (begins, the festival)
6 The blanket . (warm, keeps, me)
7 They . (expensive, the car, found)
동사의 종류 71

1 a. 그들은 꽃을 좋아한다. (flowers)

→ They .
b. 우리는 꽃을 산다.
→ We .
2 a. 내 친구는 말을 많이 한다. (a lot)
→ My friend .
b. 내 여동생은 미소를 많이 짓는다.
→ My sister .
3 a. 그의 가족이 그를 스타로 만들었다. (a star)
→ His family made .
b. 그녀의 가족은 그녀를 스타라고 불렀다.
→ Her family .
4 a. Nancy는 내게 장미꽃 한 송이를 주었다. (a rose)
Nancy gave
→ .
b. Donald는 그녀에게 장미꽃 한 송이를 사 주었다.
→ Donald .
Today is my uncle’s wedding day.

오늘은 삼촌의 결혼식 날이다.
My uncle (nervous).
(1) 나의 삼촌은 긴장되어 보였다.
The food (good).

(2) 음식은 좋은 냄새가 났다.
The wedding cake was big and (delicious).

(3) 웨딩 케이크는 크고 맛이 있었다.
The wedding song (beautiful). People danced to the

(4) 결혼 축하 노래는 아름답게 들렸다. 사람들은 음악에 맞춰 춤을 췄다.
music. I (happy) today.

(5) 나는 오늘 행복함을 느꼈다.
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[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르 [5-6] 다음 중 완전한 문장이 아닌 것을 고르시오.
시오.
5 ① I always walk home.
1 ② The baby cries at night.
•Can you lend a pen?
③ The kangaroo jumps very high.
•Can you make me ?
④ This orange sweet and delicious.
① I — happy ② me — happily ⑤ The train arrives at 7 o’clock.
③ me — happy ④ mine — happily
⑤ mine — happy
6 ① She us a picture.
② Tom brought me a gift.
2
•The soup was . ③ I gave him my old shirt.
•The students were . ④ Sally taught them English.
⑤ Harold got her a glass of water.
① taste — sleep ② taste — sleepy
③ tasty — sleep ④ tasty — sleepy
⑤ taste — slept
[7-8] 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
[3-4] 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞지 않은 것을 고르시오. 7

We called him .
3
Michael loves . ① lie ② lies
③ lying ④ to lie
① Mary ② food
⑤ a liar
③ soccer ④ watch movies
⑤ her
8
He always keeps his desk .
4
It nice.
① clean ② cleans
① sleeps ② sounds ③ feels ③ cleaning ④ to clean
④ smells ⑤ tastes ⑤ cleanly
동사의 종류 73

[9-10] 주어진 문장과 같은 구조의 문장을 고르시오. 13 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?
9 •The soup us warm.

I have many board games.
•Robin his son a special chair.
① Thomas looks tired today.
① gave ② made
② I found her my neighbor.
③ told ④ sent
③ The movie begins at 6 o’clock.
⑤ showed
④ My parents sent me some apples.
⑤ I like my baby cousin so much.
10
Carol handed me her report.
① He runs so fast.
② I know this song.
③ I named my doll Jenny.
④ Jake told us a ghost story.
⑤ My sister became an artist.
① She looks sadness now. ➞ sadly
② His idea sounded nicely. ➞ niceness
③ Mike and I feel happiness. ➞ happily
④ The chicken soup tasted salt. ➞ a salt
⑤ The spaghetti smells well. ➞ good
[11-12] 밑
‌ 줄 친 부분이 틀린 것을 고르시오.
11 ① She took a lot of pictures.

② Peter likes his new classmates.
③ I have to a Russian doll.
④ Jack took the cooking class.
⑤ They help my father a lot.
12 ① The water boiled quickly.

② Nothing happened at that time. 15 주어진 문장에 her가 들어갈 가장 알맞은 위치는?
③ The class already began.
(①) Betty’s parents (②) built (③) this (④)
④ They got up early.
house (⑤) last month.
⑤ She meets in the morning.
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Answers p.10
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 21 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고쳐 문장을 완성하시오.
Mr. Brown his house painted white.
16 → ‌Mr. Brown .
나뭇잎들은 가을에 빨갛게 된다.
(become, red, the leaves)
➞ in fall.
17
그의 고양이는 어제 배가 고파 보였다.
[22-24] 우
(his cat, hungry, looked)
➞ yesterday. 22
그는 주의 깊게 운전한다. (drive)
➞ carefully.
[18-20] 주
‌ 어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
showed watched looked
18
Cathy nice at the party last
night.
23
나는 이 의자를 거실로 옮겼다. (this, move)
➞ I‌ to
the living room.
19
Tony and I the TV show last
evening.
24
20 그 빵은 좋은 냄새가 난다. (great)
Jessica me her pictures
yesterday. ➞ The bread .
동사의 종류 75

h apter
C
06
조동사

can, may
- 조동사
- can
- may
must, have to
- must
- have to

U n i t
can, may
조동사 조동사는 동사 앞에 쓰여 동사를 도와 다양한 의미를 보충하는 역할을 하는 말이다. 조동사는 주

어의 인칭이나 수에 관계없이 항상 형태가 같으며, can, could, may, might, will,
should, must 등이 있다. 조동사 다음에 오는 동사는 반드시 원형을 써야 한다.
The bird flies high.

The bird can fly high.
can ‘능력·가능’, ‘허가’의 의미를 나타내는 조동사로, 「주어＋can＋동사원형」의 형태이다.
I can make pancakes.

You can borrow my book.
(1) 능력·가능: ~할 수 있다
Joshua can speak French and Chinese.
Can you help me with my homework?
I can’t play the piano.
cf. ‘능력’의 의미로 사용될 때 can은 be able to와 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.
Sam can play the flute. = Sam is able to play the flute.
(2) 허가: ~해도 된다

You can use my bicycle today.
Can I borrow your pen?
may ‘추측’, ‘허가’의 의미를 나타내는 조동사로, 「주어＋may＋동사원형」의 형태이다.
Bob may be hungry.

You may leave now.
(1) 추측: ~일지도 모른다
Sandy may be at the party.
They may speak English well.
(2) 허가: ~해도 된다

They may go home now.
You may not stay here tonight.
May I ask a question?
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e.g. Jennifer can ( eat / eats ) a sandwich in five minutes.

1 ( Can / May ) you make an omelet?
2 You ( may not / not may ) use my bicycle.
3 He plays the drums very well. He ( may / mays ) be a drummer.
4 The math problem is difficult. The students ( can / can’t ) solve it.
B 그림을 보고 may 또는 can을 이용하여 대화를 완성하시오.
A: Judy sing well?

1
B: Yes. She is good at singing.
A: I use your cell phone?

2
B: Yes, you may.
A: you swim in the sea?

3
B: Yes, I can.
A: The picture is wonderful. May I touch it?

4
B: No, you touch it.
C 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 배열하시오.
1 그는 기타를 칠 수 없다. (play, he, can’t)

→ the guitar.
2 너는 그 책을 찾을 수 있니? (you, find, can)
→ the book?
3 제가 당신의 화장실을 좀 써도 될까요? (use, I, may)
→ your bathroom?
4 James는 축구 동아리에 가입하지 않을지도 모른다.(not, join, may, James)
→ the soccer club.
조동사 79

U n i t
must, have to
must ‘의무’, ‘강한 추측’의 의미를 나타내는 조동사로, 「주어＋must＋동사원형」의 형태이다.
Students must be quiet in the library.

Kelly must be tired after exercising.
(1) 의무: ~해야 한다
You must take this medicine three times a day.
We must not tell a lie.
You must not go out.
(2) 강한 추측: ~임에 틀림없다

Edward must be a genius.
There must be some mistakes.
cf. They must be tired. (강한 추측) vs. They may〔might〕 be tired. (약한 추측)
have to ‘~해야 한다’는 뜻의 필요·의무를 나타내는 조동사로, 「주어＋have〔has〕 to＋동사원형」의 형태

이다.
You have to be polite to your elders.

He has to call his mom right now.
You don’t have to hurry up.
Sue doesn’t have to wait for the bus.
cf. ‌must not은 ‘~해서는 안 된다’라는 의미이고, don’t〔doesn’t〕 have to는 ‘~할 필요가 없다’라는
뜻이다.
의무를 나타내는 조동사 must, have to, should
must, have to 는 절대적인 의무, 필요, 필연, 확실성을 나타낼 때 쓰인다. 이 둘의 차이는
must는 화자의 생각과 의지가 반영된 표현이고, have to는 외부적인 영향(법, 관습, 규칙, 예절
등)을 받을 때 쓰는 표현이다. 이 외에도 조동사 should는 약한 의무를 나타내며, 제안, 충고,
권유의 의미로 쓰인다.
You must go home.
You have to turn off your cell phone in the art gallery.
You should eat more fruit for your health.
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A 밑줄 친 조동사의 의미로 알맞은 것을 골라 기호를 쓰시오.
ⓐ ~해야 한다 ⓑ ~임에 틀림없다 ⓒ ~해서는 안 된다 ⓓ ~할 필요가 없다
e.g. Patrick has to finish his homework by 6 p.m. ➞ ⓐ

1 Jason must be a teacher. ➞
2 She must be a good cook. ➞
3 People have to keep the rules. ➞
4 Kate doesn’t have to go home now. ➞
5 Children must not eat too many sweets. ➞
6 Peter doesn’t have to do his homework today. ➞
B must 또는 must not을 이용하여 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 문장을 완성하시오.

e.g. 그들은 정오 이전에 거기에 도착해야 한다.
→ They must arrive there before noon. (arrive)
1 그는 애완동물을 데리고 와서는 안 된다.
→ He his pet. (bring)
2 Jessica는 지금 너무 배가 고픈 것이 틀림없다.
→ Jessica so hungry now. (be)
3 나는 나의 새 프로젝트를 시작해야 한다.
→ I my new project. (start)
4 그녀는 박물관 안에서 플래시를 사용하면 안 된다.
→ She a flash in the museum. (use)
C have to 또는 don’t have to를 이용하여 대화를 완성하시오. 필요하면 형태를 바꾸시오.
e.g. A: It is rainy.
B: You have to bring your umbrella.
1 A: Tomorrow is Sunday.
B: Kevin go to school.
2 A: Sally lost her wallet in the morning.
B: She tell the police.
3 A: It’s very dark outside.
B: You go outside with someone.
4 A: We are late.
B: No, we have enough time. We hurry up.
조동사 81

Writing Connection
1 Maria can plays the piano.
2 They may don’t come in.
3 Laura mays wear my hat.
4 My brother can ski not.
5 Can he speaks English?
1 I to go home.
① am ② have ③ can
2 Michael must not her again.

① call ② calls ③ calling
3 They tired now.

① must ② must are ③ must be
4 You have to go to church tomorrow.

① aren’t ② don’t ③ doesn’t
1 Paul can play the guitar. He may can play it well.

① ②
2 It may rains today. You have to bring an umbrella.

① ②
3 You not must touch the oven. It may be hot.

① ②
4 You have to worry about the weather. It must be sunny.

① ②
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Answers p.11
A 그림을 보고 can 또는 may를 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
1 Karen the piano. (play)
2 John a bicycle. (ride)
3 Steven thirsty. (feel)
4 Amy a cold. (have)
B 주어진 말에서 알맞은 것을 고른 후, 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
throw be use ask stop take off ride
e.g. It smells terrible. You have to throw it away. (have to)
1 You my cell phone. (may)

2 Peter at the red light. (have to)
3 You inline skate here. (may not)
4 Students a teacher questions. (can)
5 You your shoes at the front door. (must)
6 She solved the difficult math problem. She smart. (must)
조동사 83

1 a. Amanda는 지금 행복할지도 모른다. (happy)

→Amanda now.
b. Amanda는 지금 행복함에 틀림없다.
→ Amanda .
2 a. 그는 병원에 가야 한다. (go)
→ He to the hospital.
b. 그는 병원에 갈 필요가 없다.
→
3 a. 너는 꽃에 물을 줘야 한다. (water)
→ You the flowers.
b. 너는 꽃에 물을 줘서는 안 된다.
→
4 a. Henry는 오늘 그녀에게 전화를 할 수 있다. (call)

→Henry her today.
b. Ryan은 오늘 그녀에게 전화할지도 모른다.
→ Ryan .
B must 또는 must not을 이용하여 다음 글을 완성하시오.
The tour starts in front of the

관광은 박물관 앞에서 시작됩니다.
museum. You take photos

(1) 여러분은 박물관에서 사진을 찍어서는 안 됩니다.
in the museum. You eat

(2) 여러분은 음식을 먹어서는 안 됩니다.
food. You bring pets. You

(3) 여러분은 애완동물을 데려와서는 안 됩니다.
have your tickets. You

(4) 여러분은 티켓을 가지고 있어야 합니다.
be back by 1 p.m. Enjoy

(5) 여러분은 1시까지 돌아와야 합니다. 관광
your tour.
즐겁게 하세요.
84 Chapter 06

[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르 [5-6] 다음 중 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.
시오.
5 ① Must I visit Mr. Smith today?
1 ② She must go back home now.
•David English very well.
③ Kevin can must agree with me.
•Brian can the violin well.
④ You must show your passport.
① speak — play ② spoke — plays ⑤ They must not wear caps here.
③ speaks — play ④ speaks — plays
⑤ speak — plays
6 ① I must stay here longer.

② Mary can move the table.
2 ③ They have to call you back.
•They leave now.
④ Sam may asks you your name.
•She doesn’t to tell me
⑤ Peter can finish the project today.
everything.
① can — has ② must — has

③ may — has ④ can — have
⑤ have — have [7-8] 빈
‌ 칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르
시오.
7
•They turn off the computer.
[3-4] 밑
‌ 줄 친 부분의 뜻이 나머지 넷과 다른 것을 고 •It rain tomorrow.
르시오.
① has
② must
3 ① I can make spaghetti. ③ don’t have to ④ have to
② They can dance very well. ⑤ doesn’t have to
③ You can take a break now.
④ James can solve the problem.
⑤ Julie can find the house alone.
8
•Nick is very busy now. He
be tired.
•I t’s already 7 o’clock. You
4 ① May I leave now?
go now.
② John may know my brother.
③ It may be snowy in Moscow. ① may ② cannot
④ She may be tired after the trip. ③ have to ④ may not
⑤ You may be sleepy after lunch. ⑤ must not
조동사 85

9 주어진 문장의 부정문으로 알맞은 것은? [12-13] 우
Thomas has to hurry up now. 12

Harold는 일찍 일어나야 한다.
① Thomas isn’t have to hurry up now.
① Harold can get up early.
② Thomas don’t have to hurry up now.
② Harold may get up early.
③ Thomas didn’t have to hurry up now.
③ Harold must get up early.
④ Thomas wasn’t have to hurry up now.
④ Harold may not get up early.
⑤ Thomas doesn’t have to hurry up now.
⑤ Harold must not get up early.
13
그녀는 지금 배가 고픈 것이 틀림없다.
① She is hungry now.

② She can be hungry now.
10 밑줄 친 부분과 쓰임이 같은 것은? ③ She may be hungry now.
④ She must be hungry now.
Can I borrow your bicycle?
⑤ She doesn’t have to be hungry now.
① It must be very cold.
② Peter may be a singer.
③ May I take your order?
④ Can you play the piano?
⑤ You have to take your coat. [14-15] 대
‌ 화의 밑줄 친 부분 중 틀린 것을 고르시오.
14
A: Can I take a rest?
① ②
B: Yes, you can. You must not be tired.
③ ④ ⑤
11 밑줄 친 부분이 올바른 것은?

15
① I not can go out now. A: Must I wear a suit at the meeting?
② He can solves the problem. ① ②
③ James may passes the test. B: No, you don’t have to. You can’t wear
③ ④ ⑤
④ We can watch TV together.
casual clothes.
⑤ You don’t may help me with it.
86 Chapter 06

Answers p.12
Writing Challenge
[16-18] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 [20-21] 빈
‌ 칸에 알맞은 말을 써서 대화를 완성하시오.
20
A: There are lots of clouds in the sky.
16
너는 오늘 집에 있어도 된다. B: It rain tomorrow.
(at home, stay, you, can)
➞ today.
21
A: Christine won first prize.
B: She feel happy.
17
Larry는 거짓말을 해서는 안 된다.
(must, tell, not, a lie)
➞ Larry .
[22-24] 우
22
그는 분명 이 집을 좋아할 거야. (like)
➞ He this house.
18
Ruth는 집을 청소해야 한다.
(clean, must, the house)
➞ Ruth . 23
너는 완벽할 필요는 없어. (have to)
➞ ‌
be perfect.
19 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말을 쓰시오.
•You may go out now. You 24

내가 자전거를 타도 될까요? (ride)
have to finish your homework first.
•Angelina must touch the ➞ a
snake. It’s dangerous.
bicycle?
조동사 87

h apter
C
07
현재진행형과 미래형

현재진행형
- 현재진행형
- 현재진행형의 부정문
- 현재진행형의 의문문
미래형
- 미래형
- 미래형의 부정문
- 미래형의 의문문

U n i t
현재진행형
현재진행형 현재진행형은 ‘~하고 있다, ~하는 중이다’의 의미로, 지금 진행되고 있는 일을 나타낸다.

「be동사의 현재형＋동사원형-ing」의 형태로 쓰고, be동사는 주어의 인칭과 수에 따른다.
I am having lunch with James.

They are studying math for the exam.
Diana is singing on the stage.
cf. 동
‌ 작을 나타내는 동사들은 진행형으로 쓸 수 있으나, like, know, have와 같이 감정, 생각, 감각,
소유 등 상태를 나타내는 동사들은 진행형으로 쓸 수 없다.
동사원형 -ing 만드는 법

대부분의 동사 동사원형＋-ing play ➞ playing sing ➞ singing
-e로 끝나는 동사 e를 빼고＋-ing make ➞ making dance ➞ dancing
「단모음+단자음」으로 자음을 한 번 더 쓰고
get ➞ getting begin ➞ beginning
끝나는 동사 ＋-ing
-ie로 끝나는 동사 -ie ➞ -y＋-ing die ➞ dying lie ➞ lying
현재진행형의 현재진행형의 부정은 be동사 뒤에 not을 붙여 만든다.

부정문 「be동사의 현재형＋not＋동사원형-ing」: ~하고 있지 않다
I am not〔I’m not〕 doing anything.

Roy is not〔isn’t〕 riding a bicycle right now.
현재진행형의 현재진행형의 의문문은 be동사를 문장 맨 앞으로 보내서 만든다.

의문문 「be동사의 현재형＋주어＋동사원형-ing ~?」: ~하고 있니?
Are you listening to me?

Is Amy reading a magazine?
A: Are they playing golf?
B: No, they’re not.〔No, they aren’t.〕
현재형과 현재진행형은 어떻게 다를까?

아래 문장을 보고 어떤 경우에는 현재형을 쓰고, 어떤 경우에는 현재진행형을 쓰는지를 생각해 보자.
Billy plays tennis. He plays tennis in his Amy is playing tennis. She is running to
free time. It is his hobby. get the ball right now. She is taking
tennis lessons these days.
90 Chapter 07

Answers p.13
A 주어진 동사의 -ing형을 쓰시오.
1 try ➞ 2 ride ➞
3 sit ➞ 4 watch ➞
5 come ➞ 6 cut ➞
7 sleep ➞ 8 lie ➞
9 begin ➞ 10 drink ➞
B 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 현재진행형 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. I am studying English right now. (study)

1 Dennis a book. (read)
2 She a marathon. (run)
3 He computer games. (play)
4 Ryan and Wendy in the pool. (swim)
C 주어진 문장을 부정문으로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. Kevin is playing the guitar.

→ Kevin is not playing the guitar.
1 He is cutting a tree.
→ He a tree.
2 They are traveling to Sydney.
→ They to Sydney.
3 The bus is coming from Seoul.
→ The bus from Seoul.
D 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 써서 대화를 완성하시오.

e.g. A: Are you sitting on a bench?
B: Yes, I am.
1 A: making spaghetti?
B: Yes, she is.
2 A: Are Henry and Carl taking a walk?
B: No, .
3 A: Are you and your brother having breakfast?
B: No, .
현재진행형과 미래형 91

U n i t
미래형
미래형 미래형은 ‘~할 것이다’라는 의미로 미래에 대한 예측, 주어의 의지, 예정된 계획 등을 나타낸다.
「will＋동사원형」, 「be going to＋동사원형」의 형태로 쓴다. 「be going to＋동사원형」의
경우 be동사는 주어의 인칭과 수에 따른다.
I will be an astronaut in the future.

They are going to have dinner with Jane tonight.
cf. will은 말하는 시점에 결정된 일이나 예측을 나타내며, be going to는 말하기 전에 이미 정해져 있었
던 일을 나타낸다.
The Dragons will win the game this time.
I’m sleepy. I’ll go to bed early.
I’m going to go to a concert this weekend.
미래형의 부정문 will의 부정문은 「will＋not＋동사원형」, be going to의 부정문은 「be동사＋not＋going

to＋동사원형」의 형태로 쓴다.
They will not play computer games at night.

I won’t come to this restaurant again.
She is not going to see the movie.
미래형의 의문문 will의 의문문은 「Will＋주어＋동사원형 ~?」, be going to의 의문문은 「be동사＋주어＋going
to＋동사원형 ~?」의 형태로 쓴다.
Will you take swimming lessons?

Is he going to watch a movie tomorrow?
A: Will they pick me up at the airport?
B: Yes, they will. / No, they won’t.
A: Are you going to visit Mr. Carter?
B: Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
92 Chapter 07

Answers p.13
e.g. She ( will wear / wears ) sunglasses tomorrow.

1 He ( will come / comes ) back here later.
2 Peter ( will go / will goes ) jogging tomorrow.
3 I am going to ( take / taking ) care of my brother.
4 We ( are going not / are not going ) to eat junk food.
5 Kelly and Janice ( will / are ) going to watch a movie tonight.
6 Sally ( buys / is going to buy ) a present for her mom this Saturday.
B 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 will과 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. 내일은 눈이 올 것이다.

→ It will snow tomorrow. (snow)
1 그는 네게 돈을 빌려주지 않을 것이다.
→ He you money. (lend)
2 너는 방과 후에 축구를 할 거니?
→ soccer after school? (play)
3 나는 차가운 물을 한 잔 마실 것이다.
→ I a glass of cold water. (drink)
4 George가 내 생일 파티에 올까?
→ to my birthday party? (come)
C 주어진 조건에 맞게 문장을 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. They will graduate in February.

→ (부정문) They will not 〔won’t〕 graduate in February.
→ (의문문) Will they graduate in February?
1 He is going to email me tonight.

→ (부정문) He me tonight.
→ (의문문) me tonight?
2 Dad is going to do all the housework.
→ (부정문) Dad all the housework.
→ (의문문) all the housework?
3 John will be a world-famous singer.
→ (부정문) John a world-famous singer.
→ (의문문) a world-famous singer?

Writing Connection
1 Mark is study in his room now.
2 Are he talking on the phone?
3 They not are listening to music now.
4 Kelly and Andy is doing their homework.
5 Sam doesn’t cleaning his room right now.
1 Anthony will a pilot in the future.

① is ② be ③ are
2 Doris have dinner at home.

① isn’t ② won’t ③ don’t
3 She is going to the musical tonight.

① watch ② watches ③ watching
4 Cathy going to join the baking club?

① Is ② Does ③ Are
1 Amy and Joe is going to swim in the pool. I am going to stay at home.
① ②
2 Irene is having an old bag. She is going to buy a new bag tomorrow.
① ②
3 A: Is Jason watching TV right now? B: Yes, he does.

① ②
4 A: Will you go to the party? B: Yes, you will.

① ②
94 Chapter 07

Answers p.13
A 사진을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 현재진행형 문장을 완성하시오.
1 Cindy her toy car outside. (ride)
2 Grace her homework at home. (do)
Andy the guitar under the tree.

3
(play)
Mr. and Mrs. Jones coffee at the café.

4
(drink)
B 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 대화를 완성하시오.
e.g. A: Are they playing soccer?

B: Yes, they are. They will be great soccer players. (will, be)
1 A: the man the dishes? (will, do)

B: Yes, he will.
2 A: Are Carrie and Tom going to eat something at the cafeteria?
B: No, they aren’t. They anything. (will, eat)
3 A: Is Joshua going to take a bus?
B: No, he isn’t. He the subway. (be going to, take)
4 A: Are we going to go to the swimming pool on Saturday?
B: No, we aren’t. We to the museum. (be going
to, go)

1 a. Steve는 지금 책을 읽고 있다. (read)

Steve is
→ a book right now.
b. Billy는 오늘 오후에 책을 읽을 것이다. (be going to)
→ Billy a book this afternoon.
2 a. 그는 거짓말을 하고 있다. (lie)
→ He .
b. 그녀는 거짓말을 하고 있지 않다.
→ She .
3 a. 그들은 오늘 아침을 먹을 것이다. (be going to, have)
→ They breakfast today.
b. 우리는 오늘 아침을 먹지 않을 것이다.
→
4 a Jack은 미래에 의사가 될 것이다. (will, a doctor)

→ Jack in the future.
b. Sylvia는 미래에 의사가 될 거니?
→ Sylvia ?
Some people (watch) a dolphin show at the zoo.

(1) 몇몇 사람들이 동물원에서 돌고래 쇼를 보고 있다.
A dolphin . (jump) The kids (clap)

(2) 돌고래 한 마리가 점프하고 있다. (3) 아이들이 박수를 치고 있다.
their hands. A man (take) pictures. The trainer

(4) 한 남자가 사진을 찍고 있다. (5) 조련사는 공을 들고 있다.
(hold) a ball.
96 Chapter 07

1 동사와 동사의 -ing형이 잘못 짝지어진 것은? 5 다음 중 어법상 틀린 것은?

① talk — talking ② come — coming ① I will be in the meeting.
③ cut — cutting ④ buy — buying ② He will not move to another city.
⑤ lie — lieing ③ Tina will be a world-famous actress.
④ Will you have dinner with us today?
⑤ Will Julia goes to Joe’s birthday party?
[2-3] 빈
시오.
2
•He is in the playground.
•She and I playing computer 6 짝지어진 대화가 어색한 것은?
games. ① A: Will you learn Spanish?
① runing — is ② runing — are B: Yes, I will.

③ running — is ④ running — are ② A: Is Thomas drinking tea?
⑤ runs — are B: No, he isn’t.

③ A: Is Bobby traveling alone?
B: Yes, he is.
④ A: Are Jane and Mike watching TV?
B: No, she isn’t.
3 ⑤ A: Are they going to buy the house?
•Michael is not math.
B: Yes, they are.
•Sandra will math.
① study — studies ② study — studying

③ studying — study ④ studying — studying
⑤ studies — study
7 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?
4 밑줄 친 부분의 쓰임이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? A: Is Peggy going to lunch

with Mr. Hill?
① They are going to study hard.
B: No, she isn’t.
② He is going to build a house.
③ She is going to play badminton. ① have ② has
④ We are going to the park right now. ③ had ④ having
⑤ I am going to cook something for you. ⑤ haves

[8-9] 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. [12-13] 우
8 12
Jeff won’t the medicine. 나는 오늘 농장을 방문하지 않을 것이다.
① take ② takes ① I can visit the farm today.

③ took ④ taking ② I will visit the farm today.
⑤ taken ③ I won’t visit the farm today.
④ I am visiting the farm today.
⑤ I am going to visit the farm today.
9 13
My team is the game. 너는 내일 조깅하러 갈 거니?
① win ② wins ① Do you go jogging tomorrow?

③ won ④ wining ② Can you go jogging tomorrow?
⑤ winning ③ Are you going jogging right now?
④ Do you have to go jogging tomorrow?
⑤ Are you going to go jogging tomorrow?

[14-15] 대
‌ 화의 밑줄 친 부분 중 틀린 것을 고르시오.
① Wendy inviting people.
② The wind blowing hard. 14
A: Is Peter taking a shower now?
③ She talking on the phone. ① ② ③
④ Bill taking a nap right now. B: No, he won’t. He is reading a book.
⑤ My
‌ parents watching the news. ④ ⑤
15
A: D oes Billy take care of the puppies
11 주어진 문장에 not이 들어갈 알맞은 위치는? ① ②
tomorrow?
Cindy ( ① ) is ( ② ) going ( ③ ) to ( ④ ) B: Yes, he will. He likes animals a lot.
do ( ⑤ ) any volunteer work. ③ ④ ⑤
98 Chapter 07

Answers p.14
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
20
I will bring my hat.
16
그들은 야구 경기를 보고 있지 않다. → ‌(부정문)
(a baseball game, not, watching, are)
➞ They .
21
Ashley is telling the truth.
→ ‌(의문문)
17
Ellen은 다음 주에 아빠와 낚시를 갈 것이다.
(next week, go fishing, going to, is)
➞ Ellen .
[22-24] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 이
용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
22
우리는 이 컴퓨터를 팔 것이다. (sell)
➞ We
‌
this computer.
[18-19] 빈
18
•I am going to eat anymore.
I’m full.
•K evin will join us. He is
23
busy now. 그들은 바다에서 수영을 하고 있다. (swim)
➞ They in the sea.
24
19 내일 날씨가 맑을까? (sunny)
• you having a good time?
• Jack and Lin taking pictures ➞ ‌
right now?
tomorrow?

h apter
C
08
형용사와 부사

형용사
- 형용사의 쓰임
- 수량을 나타내는 형용사
부사
- 부사의 쓰임
- 부사의 형태
- 빈도부사
원급, 비교급, 최상급

- 원급, 비교급, 최상급의 형태
- 비교 구문

U n i t
형용사
형용사의 쓰임 형용사는 명사를 꾸며주어 그 성질, 수량, 모양, 크기, 색깔 등을 묘사하거나, 동사 뒤에서 주어를
보충 설명하는 말이다.
The cute girl is my little sister.

The math question was easy.
(1) 명사 앞에서 명사를 꾸며준다.
Soccer is a popular sport in Korea.
cf. -‌ thing으로 끝나는 말의 경우 형용사가 뒤에서 꾸며준다.
I want something cold.
He did nothing important.
(2) 동사 뒤에 쓰여 주어를 보충 설명한다.

The soup is salty.
•형용사와 함께 쓰이는 동사: be, become, look, feel, smell, sound, taste 등
You look happy today.
These cookies smell good.
수량을 나타내는 수와 양을 나타내는 형용사에는 many, much, some, any 등이 있다.

형용사 many: ‘(수가) 많은’이라는 의미로 복수 명사 앞에 쓴다.
She has many friends.

He doesn’t have many clothes.
much: ‘(양이) 많은’이라는 의미로 셀 수 없는 명사 앞에 쓴다.
He didn’t spend much time in the water.

I don’t have much tea in my cup.
some: ‌‘약간의, 몇 개의’의 의미로 긍정문에 쓴다. 권유나 요청을 나타내는 의문문에 사용되기
도 한다.
I bought some paper today.

Would you like some cookies?
any: ‌‘조금의 (~도 없다)의’ 의미로 부정문에, ‘조금의, 몇 개의’ 의미로 의문문에 사용한다.
I don’t have any questions.

Do you know any famous people?
102 Chapter 08

Answers pp.14~15
A 문장에서 형용사를 찾아 밑줄을 치시오.
e.g. People love funny stories.

1 That is a good question.
2 Scott made sweet and delicious jam.
3 The movie was long. It was boring too.
4 The trip was exciting. Everyone was happy.
B 괄호 안의 형용사가 들어갈 알맞은 곳에 표를 하고 문장을 다시 쓰시오.
e.g. He moved the box. (heavy)

➞ He moved the heavy box.
1 Jenny likes food. (spicy)

➞
2 History is a subject. (difficult)

➞
3 He wants something . (sweet)

➞
4 The girls are Carrie’s daughters. (cute)

➞
C 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
young exciting thirsty old
1 It is hot today. I am .
2 The action movie is .
3 I want a new bicycle. Mine is .
4 The girl is five years old. She is .
D 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
1 Jack doesn’t have ( many / much ) time.

2 There are ( some / any ) trees in the garden.
3 We bought ( some / any ) apples and bananas.
4 I can’t play ( some / any ) musical instruments.
5 The party room has ( many / much ) balloons in it.
형용사와 부사 103

U n i t
부사
부사의 쓰임 부사는 동사, 형용사, 다른 부사 또는 문장 전체를 꾸며 문장을 풍부하게 해주는 말이다.
A cheetah runs fast.

This crown is really beautiful.
(1) 동사를 꾸며준다.
He got up early this morning.
(2) 형용사, 다른 부사, 문장 전체를 꾸며준다.

The book is really heavy. Snails move too slowly.
Luckily, he wasn’t hurt.
(3) 시간, 장소에 대한 정보를 준다.

It is windy and rainy today. We got there in time.
부사의 형태 대부분의 부사는 형용사에 -ly를 붙여 만든다.
대부분의 부사 형용사＋-ly sadly clearly suddenly quickly

-y로 끝나는 형용사로 만드는 부사 -y ➞ -i＋-ly easily happily luckily
high(높은) ➞ high(높게) fast(빠른) ➞ fast(빠르게)
late(늦은) ➞ late(늦게) early(이른) ➞ early(일찍)
형용사와 형태가 같은 부사
long(긴) ➞ long(오랫동안) near(가까운) ➞ near(가까이)
hard(어려운, 열심히 하는) ➞ hard(열심히)
예외 good ➞ well
•lovely(사랑스러운), friendly(다정한), costly(많은 돈이 드는)처럼 -ly로 끝나는 형용사도 있다.

•‌highly(매우), lately(최근에), nearly(거의), hardly(거의 ~않는) 등은 -ly를 붙이면 의미가 달라진다.
빈도부사 빈도부사는 ‘가끔’, ‘항상’ 등의 빈도수를 나타내는 말로, 일반적으로 be동사와 조동사의 뒤,
일반동사의 앞에 위치한다.
0% 100%
never rarely sometimes often usually always
Andy is never late for school.
You can sometimes use my bicycle.
He usually works out at the gym on weekends.
104 Chapter 08

Answers p.15
A 주어진 형용사의 부사형을 쓰시오.
e.g. loud ➞ loudly

1 fast ➞ 2 quick ➞
3 easy ➞ 4 happy ➞
5 good ➞ 6 late ➞
7 kind ➞ 8 nice ➞
9 hard ➞ 10 early ➞
11 long ➞ 12 heavy ➞
13 lucky ➞ 14 high ➞
B 문장에서 부사가 꾸며주는 말을 찾아 밑줄을 치시오.
e.g. Thankfully, she sent me the package back.

1 He swims very well.
2 The man drives too fast.
3 The test is really important.
4 They hardly know each other.
5 Surprisingly, Tom still lives in the same house.
C 괄호 안의 말을 알맞은 곳에 넣어 문장을 다시 쓰시오.
e.g. John wakes up late. (never)

→ John never wakes up late.
1 I read books in the evening. (usually)

→
2 My grandfather is kind to us. (always)

→
3 Mark is sleepy in the afternoon. (often)

→
4 Jenny cleans her room after school. (rarely)

→
5 Emily has a sandwich for lunch. (sometimes)

→

U n i t
원급, 비교급, 최상급
비교 구문 어떤 대상들을 비교하여 그 정도의 같음, 차이, 가장 큰 것을 나타내는 표현이다. 원급, 비교급,

최상급을 활용한 다양한 구문이 있다.
원급: 비교하는 두 대상의 정도가 같음을 나타낸다.

「as＋원급＋as...」: …만큼 ~한
My dad is as busy as a bee.
Mike runs as fast as a cheetah.
비교급: 두 대상을 비교하여 그 정도의 차이를 나타낸다.

「비교급＋than...」: …보다 더 ~한
Michael is taller than his mom.
This program is more interesting than the magic show.
최상급: 세 개 이상의 대상을 비교하여 그 정도가 가장 큰 것을 나타낸다.

「the＋최상급＋in / of...」: (… 중에서) 가장 ~한
Andrew is the smartest boy in this school.
He drives the most expensive car in this town.
원급, 비교급, 원급은 형용사 또는 부사를 그대로 쓰고, 비교급과 최상급은 주로 -er과 -est를 각각 붙여 만든다.
최상급의 형태
원급 비교급 최상급
tall taller tallest

대부분의 형용사 / 부사 ＋-er / -est
fast faster fastest
large larger largest
-e로 끝나는 형용사 / 부사 +-r / -st
nice nicer nicest
easy easier easiest
-y로 끝나는 형용사 / 부사 y ➞ i＋-er / -est
heavy heavier heaviest
「단모음＋단자음」으로 big bigger biggest
끝자음＋-er / -est
끝나는 형용사 / 부사 hot hotter hottest
3음절 이상의 형용사/부사 more most
more ~ / most ~ interesting
(일부 2음절 이상) interesting interesting
good / well better best
불규칙 변화 bad / ill worse worst
many / much more most
106 Chapter 08

Answers p.15
A 주어진 단어의 비교급, 최상급을 쓰시오.
e.g. old ― older ― oldest

1 pretty ― ―
2 good ― ―
3 difficult ― ―
4 bad ― ―
5 happy ― ―
6 many ― ―
7 big ― ―
8 well ― ―
e.g. Amanda is as ( old / older ) as Janet.

1 This chair is as ( heavy / heavier ) as my backpack.
2 This river is ( deep / deeper ) than the Ohio River.
3 Jen dances as ( well / better ) as Michael.
4 The baby is ( light / lighter ) than the doll.
5 It is ( hot / hotter ) than yesterday.
C 그림을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
The turtle is than the snail.

1 The rabbit is animal of the
three.
(fast)
Walter Denis is Walter.

2
Jerry Denis
Jerry is man of the three.
(strong)
The yellow cap is the blue

one.
3
The red cap is cap of the
three.
(cheap)

Writing Connection
1 Her children are so love.

2 I was sleep. I went to bed early.
3 He didn’t have some questions.
4 Peter solved the question easy.
5 Mom goes always jogging in the morning.
1 Jimmy is as as his father.

① tall ② taller ③ tallest
2 China is than India.
① large ② larger ③ largest
3 His English is than mine.
① good ② gooder ③ better
4 Sarah is the student in her class.
① smart ② smarter ③ smartest
1 Chris always is honest. He never tells a lie.

① ②
2 There are many eggs and many butter in the refrigerator.

① ②
3 Jane has some money, but I don’t have some money now.
① ②
4 Lucy is strong than I am. She is the strongest girl in my class.

① ②
108 Chapter 08

Answers p.15
A 그림을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
1 Laura smiled at us . (happy)
2 Kevin walks in the library. (quiet)
3 Jessie didn’t sleep last night. (good)
4 John studies very . (hard)
B 그림을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 고른 후, 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
thick old clean difficult
파란 차가 빨간 차보다 더 깨끗하다.
1
→ The blue car is the red car.
그 책은 사전만큼 두껍다.
2
→ The book is the dictionary.
나의 할머니는 가족 중 나이가 제일 많다.

3 → My
‌ grandmother is person of
my family.
‌3번이 전체 세 문제 중에서 가장 어렵다.

4 → Number
‌ three is one of all
three questions.

1 a. 그는 조심성 있는 운전자이다. (careful)

→ He is a driver.
b. 그는 조심스럽게 운전한다.
→ He drives .
2 a. 그는 그의 반에서 가장 큰 손을 가지고 있다. (big)
→ He has the hands in his class.
b. 그의 손은 담임 선생님만큼 크다.
→ his homeroom teacher’s.
3 a. 나는 우리 반에서 가장 큰 학생이다. (tall)
→ I am the student in my class.
b. 나의 형은 나보다 키가 크다.
→ than I am.
4 a. 거리에 사람이 몇몇 있다. (people)
→ There are on the street.
b. 공원에 사람이 아무도 없다.
→ in the park.
B 표를 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 문장을 완성하시오.
I... Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

wake up before 7 o’clock     
eat breakfast       
take a nap   
play computer games

watch TV 
always usually sometimes rarely never
I before 7 o’clock. (1) 나는 보통 7시 이전에 일어난다.
I breakfast. (2) 나는 항상 아침을 먹는다.
I a nap. (3) 나는 가끔 낮잠을 잔다.
I computer games. (4) 나는 절대 컴퓨터 게임을 하지 않는다.
I TV. (5) 나는 TV를 거의 안 본다.
110 Chapter 08

[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. 6 그림을 가장 잘 묘사한 것은?
1
Billy won the medal. He was .
① happy ② happily
③ happiness ④ happiest
⑤ as happy
2
Edward doesn’t have time.
① Tom is as tall as Carol.
①a ② an ③ much ② Sam is taller than Judy.
④ some ⑤ many ③ Carol is taller than Sam.
④ Judy and Carol are as tall as Sam.
⑤ Tom is the tallest student of the four.
3 원급과 비교급이 잘못 짝지어진 것은?

① easy ― easier ② big ― biger
③ large ― larger ④ slow ― slower
⑤ careful ― more careful [7-8] 괄
‌ 호 안에 주어진 말의 알맞은 형태를 고르시오.
7
My backpack is as (heavy) as my little
brother.
4 밑줄 친 부분의 쓰임이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?
① heavy ② heavier
① Jimmy is a friendly boy.
③ more heavy ④ heaviest
② The book is interesting.
⑤ most heavy
③ Alex jumps very high.
④ I want something cold.
⑤ Soccer is a popular sport.
8
Health is (important) than money.
5 형용사와 부사가 잘못 짝지어진 것은?
① sad ― sadly ② easy ― easily ① important ② importanter
③ quick ― quickly ④ nice ― nicely ③ more important ④ importantest
⑤ love ― lovely ⑤ most important

[9-11] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르 [12-14] 주
‌ 어진 말이 들어갈 위치로 알맞은 것을 고르
시오. 시오.
9 12 delicious
•The library was .
• , he found a seat. I ( ① ) want ( ② ) something ( ③ ) for
( ④ ) lunch ( ⑤ ).
① quiet ― Luck ② quietly ― Luck
③ quiet ― Lucky ④ quiet ― Luckily
⑤ quietly ― Luckily
13 never
She ( ① ) is ( ② ) angry ( ③ ) at ( ④ ) her

little sister ( ⑤ ).
10
•Mike is than Jane.
•He is as as Harry.
① fast ― fast ② fast ― faster

③ faster ― faster ④ fastest ― faster
⑤ faster ― fast
14 often
Mr. Anderson ( ① ) goes ( ② ) camping

( ③ ) with ( ④ ) his ( ⑤ ) students.
11
•‌She is the person in my
family. 15 밑줄 친 부분을 잘못 고친 것은?
•‌I don’t have food right
① I got up late. ➞ lately
now.
② They explained it simple. ➞ simply
① younger ― some ② younger ― any ③ His sister cried sad. ➞ sadly
③ youngest ― some ④ youngest ― any ④ We finished it perfect. ➞ perfectly
⑤ young ― any ⑤ She helped me kind. ➞ kindly
112 Chapter 08

Answers p.16
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 호 안의 말을 알맞은 곳에 넣어 문장을 다시
16 20
그녀는 친절한 치과의사이다. They are busy these days. (rarely)
(a, dentist, kind) →
➞ She is ‌ .
21
He has jackets in the closet. (many)
→
17
내 머리는 내 여동생만큼 길다.
(as, as, my sister’s, long)
➞ My hair is .
[22-24] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 이용
하여 문장을 완성하시오.
22
물 좀 마시겠어요? (drink)
➞ Would
‌ you like to
water?
[18-19] 문
‌ 맥에 맞게 밑줄 친 부분을 알맞은 형태로 바
꿔 빈칸에 쓰시오.
18
He is a good tennis player. He plays tennis
23
. 그녀는 어떤 남자 형제도 없다. (brother)
➞ S
‌ he doesn’t have .
24
오늘은 올해 가장 더운 날이다. (hot)
19
This puzzle is very easy. Everyone solves
➞ Today
‌ is day this
it .
year.

h apter
C
09
전치사

장소를 나타내는 전치사
- 전치사
- in, at
-o
‌ n, under, over, in front of,
next to, behind, between
시간을 나타내는 전치사

- at, on, in
- before, after
- for, during

U n i t
장소를 나타내는 전치사
전치사 전치사는 명사나 대명사 앞에 쓰여 장소나 시간 등을 나타내는 말이다. 장소를 나타내는 전치사에는
in, at, on, under, over, in front of, next to, behind, between 등이 있다.
The cat is on the sofa.

My uncle lives in Canada.
cf. 전치사 뒤에 오는 대명사는 목적격으로 쓴다.
I’m behind him.
Tom sat next to me.
‌
in, at ‌in은 ‘~(안)에’라는 뜻으로 공간의 내부, 비교적 넓은 장소나 지역 안에 있음을 나타낼 때 사용한다.
in a box, in a room, in Seoul, in China...
She arrived in Australia.

I saw him in the office.
at은 ‘~에’라는 뜻으로 비교적 좁은 장소나 장소의 한 지점을 나타낼 때 사용한다.

at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the party...
I met Joe at the bus stop.

Amy is still at home.
on, under, over, The rabbit is...

in front of,
next to, behind,
between
on the hat under the hat over the hat in front of the hat
next to the hat behind the hat between the hats
116 Chapter 09

Answers p.16
e.g. She left her umbrella ( at / in ) home.

1 Two desks are ( at / in ) my room.
2 James is traveling ( at / in ) France.
3 There is someone ( at / in ) the door.
4 I’ll meet you ( at / in ) the bus stop tomorrow.
5 They usually keep their books ( at / in ) their lockers.
B 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
in at on in front of under over
e.g. Tom and his wife live in London.

1 Many people sat the floor.
2 Jessica is going to stay the hotel.
3 There are clouds the mountains.
4 Judy doesn’t like to speak many people.
5 He wants to travel by submarine the sea.
C 그림을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
on between next to in front of behind
e.g. ‌They are sitting on the chairs.

1 Jerry is Betty. 2 Betty is Jerry.
3 Kelly is Betty. 4 Harold is Jerry and Nancy.
전치사 117

U n i t
시간을 나타내는 전치사
at, on, in 시간을 나타내는 대표적인 전치사로는 at, on, in이 있다.
They made the world’s first airplane in 1903.

We had a meeting at 3 p.m. on March 15, 2015.
at은 구체적인 시각 및 한 시점을 나타낼 때 사용한다.
at 12:30 p.m., at 4 o’clock, at noon, at night...
She plays the piano at noon.
I wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning.
on은 날짜, 요일, 특정한 날을 나타낼 때 사용한다.

on May 8, on Friday, on her birthday, on Christmas Day...
They go to church on Sundays.
I got many presents on my birthday.
in은 월, 계절, 연도, 오전, 오후 등을 나타낼 때 사용한다.

in June, in fall, in 2002, in the afternoon...
The winter vacation starts in December.
We often go to the beach in summer.
before, after before는 ‘~이전에’, after는 ‘~이후에’라는 의미를 가지고 있는 전치사이다.
You need to come back before lunch.

He called me after 2 p.m.
for, during for와 during은 둘 다 ‘~하는 동안’이라는 뜻이다. for는 어떤 일이 지속된 시간을 나타낼 때
사용하며, for 다음에는 숫자를 포함한 구체적인 기간이 온다. during은 어떤 일이 일어난 때를
나타내며, during 다음에는 특정 기간을 나타내는 표현이 온다.
•forten minutes, for two weeks, for six months, for a year...
•during the vacation, during the fall, during the war...
Tom stayed at home for two days.

Lisa visited her grandfather during the holidays.
118 Chapter 09

Answers p.16
e.g. My brother’s birthday is ( in / on ) October.
1 I feel tired ( on / at ) Mondays.

2 He won a gold medal ( in / on ) 1988.
3 I went to Peter’s house ( in / on ) May 5.
4 Julie usually goes to bed ( in / at ) 10 p.m.
5 We often look up at the sky ( in / at ) night.
6 Paul went shopping to the mall ( in / at ) the morning.
B 밑줄 친 부분에서 틀린 것을 찾아 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.
e.g. We walked during an hour. ➞ for an hour
1 The plane took off on 3 p.m. ➞
2 I ate a lot of cake in my birthday. ➞
3 I will travel alone on November. ➞
4 They play soccer on the afternoon. ➞
5 Wendy studied math for the vacation. ➞
in on at before after for during
e.g. I will visit my uncle after school.
1 He arrived home noon.

2 He washes his hands lunch.
3 Scott and I chatted three hours.
4 People get one year older January 1.
5 My grandfather was in the army the war.
6 In Australia, the weather is hot December.
전치사 119

Writing Connection
1 It snows a lot at January.
2 The bus arrived on 3 o’clock.
3 She reads books on night.
4 My family went camping in July 10.
5 We played computer games during three hours.
1 James studied English London.

① at ② on ③ in
2 Let’s meet the shopping mall.
① over ② in front of ③ between
3 Roy lived Canada two years ago.
① at ② in ③ on
4 They met Sue the party.
① at ② in ③ on
1 I was at the bus stop in 7 p.m. yesterday.

① ②
2 You can find it between the desk in my room.

① ②
3 Joe stayed at his uncle’s house on summer.

① ②
4 Lisa had a party at her house in her birthday.

① ②
120 Chapter 09

Answers pp.16~17
A 그림을 보고 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 넣어 대화를 완성하시오.
A: What time do you get up?

e.g.
B: I get up at 7 o’clock.
A: When was Peter’s birthday party?

1
B: Peter’s birthday party was .
A: How long is the summer camp?

2
B: The summer camp is .
A: When is the weather great in this country?

3
B: The weather is great .
B 그림을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오. (단, 한 번씩만 쓸 것)
on in under in front of behind next to
e.g. There are three trees behind the tent.
1 There is a dog the bench.

2 There is a woman the tent.
3 There are two boys the tent.
4 There are two bicycles the tent.
5 There is a soccer ball the bench.
전치사 121

1 a. 책 세 권이 탁자 위에 있다. (the table)

→ Three books are .
b. 야구공 하나가 탁자 아래에 있다.
→ A baseball is .
2 a. 우체국은 은행 앞에 있다. (the bank)
The post office is
→ .
b 병원은 은행 뒤에 있다. (the hospital)
→
3 a. 나무들 사이에 연못이 하나 있다. (the trees)

→ There is a pond .
b. 나무들 옆에 벤치가 하나 있다. (a bench)
→
4 a. 나는 자정이 되기 전에 그곳에 도착했다. (midnight)

→ I arrived there .
b. 그는 자정 이후에 잠자리에 들었다. (went to bed)
→
I came to Australia
(1) 나는 작년 11월 10일에 호주로 왔다.
(November 10) last year. Now I live

(2) 지금 나는 시드니에서 산다.
(Sydney). I take
swimming lessons (an hour) on Mondays.

(3) ‌나는 월요일마다 1시간 동안 수영 강습을 받는다.
I usually play basketball (school) on

(4) 나는 보통 수요일마다 방과 후에 농구를 한다.
Wednesdays. I’m going to go to the beach and play in the water

(5) 나는 여름 방학 동안에 해변에 가서 물놀이를 할 것이다.
(my summer vacation).
122 Chapter 09

[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. [5-6] 빈
시오.
1
Paul left home 5 o’clock.
5
•Sam took a nap home.
① at ② on ③ in •Many people live China.
④ to ⑤ of
① at ― at ② at ― in
③ in ― on ④ in ― at
⑤ on ― at
2
Children make snowmen
winter.
④ to ⑤ of
6
•‌Edward feels sleepy the
morning.
•Did you get any gifts your
birthday?
① on ― on ② on ― in
3 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞지 않은 것은? ③ in ― on ④ in ― at
⑤ at ― on
You can find the restaurant
the hospital.
① in ② next to
③ behind ④ in front of
⑤ during

① Peter’s birthday is at August. ➞ on
② He found it of the living room. ➞ on
4 시간을 나타낼 때 사용하는 전치사가 아닌 것은? ③ Amy usually has lunch on noon. ➞ in
① in ② on ③ at ④ The show begins in 2 o’clock. ➞ during
④ for ⑤ next to ⑤ I waited for him during five hours. ➞ for
전치사 123

[8-9] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞지 않은 것을 고르시오. [12-13] 우
‌ 리말을 영어로 옮길 때 빈칸에 알맞은 것을
고르시오.
8
They sang beautiful songs for .
12
Jessica는 다리 아래에서 휴식을 취했다.
① 3 minutes ② an hour → ‌Jessica took a rest the
③ half an hour ④ vacation bridge.
⑤ 30 seconds
① under ② on
③ over ④ at
⑤ behind
9
Tom sits next to .
① Ann ② me 13
③ her ④ they
Alice는 오후 5시 전에 그것을 끝냈다.
→ Alice finished it 5 p.m.
⑤ the window
① at ② in
③ on ④ before
⑤ after
[10-11] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 나머지 넷과 다른 것을 고
르시오.
10 ① My friend lives Nepal.

② I met her the bus stop.
③ The pencil case was my room. A: Where is the key?
④ There are many books the box. B: I have it my pocket.
⑤ They were Europe for two months.
④ to ⑤ of
11 ① I sent Amy a card Christmas Day.

② We met Ben and Lisa April 5. 15 주어진 문장에 before가 들어갈 알맞은 위치는?
③ James went to America 1970.
④ What did you do her birthday? ( ① ) I ( ② ) wash ( ③ ) my ( ④ ) hands
( ⑤ ) lunch.
⑤ Angela sometimes works Sunday.
124 Chapter 09

Answers p.17
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 어진 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고쳐
16 20
방학 동안에 너는 무엇을 했니? I feel happy in Children’s Day.
(vacation, the, during) →
➞ What did you do ?
21
There are so many countries on Asia.
→
17
강아지 한 마리가 당신의 차 앞에 있다.
(car, your, in front of )
➞ There is a puppy .
[22-24] 우
22
그는 4월에 일본을 방문할 것이다. (April)
➞ He
‌ will visit Japan .
[18-19] 빈
18
•Leaves fall autumn.
23
•I grew up a big city. 은행은 시장 옆에 있다. (the market)
➞ The
‌ bank is
.
24
19 그 건물 뒤에 공원이 있다. (the building)
•Let’s meet noon.
•‌She left her purse her office. ➞ There
‌ is a park .
전치사 125

h apter
C
10
to부정사

명사처럼 쓰는 to부정사
- to부정사
- 명사처럼 쓰는 to부정사
형용사 / 부사처럼 쓰는 to부정사

- 형용사처럼 쓰는 to부정사
- 부사처럼 쓰는 to부정사

U n i t
명사처럼 쓰는 to부정사
to부정사 to부정사는 ‘~하는 것, ~할, ~하게’의 뜻으로, 「to＋동사원형」의 형태이다. 문장에서 명사, 형용사,
부사처럼 쓰이며 동사의 성격을 유지하므로 목적어나 보어를 가질 수 있다.
Henry decided to learn Korean.

Betty has a lot of work to do.
We went to the restaurant to eat brunch.
명사처럼 쓰는 ‘~하는 것’이라는 뜻으로, to부정사가 명사처럼 주어, 목적어, 보어의 역할을 한다.
to부정사
I need a walk.
I need to take a walk.
(1) 주어 역할: ~하는 것은
•주어로 사용되는 to부정사는 단수 취급하므로 be동사는 단수형을 쓴다.
To listen to music is always fun.
•to부정사가 주어인 경우 보통 it을 주어 자리에 쓰고 to부정사를 뒤로 보낸다.
It is necessary to drink enough water.
(＝To drink enough water is necessary.)
(2) 목적어 역할: ~하는 것을

to부정사가 want, need, hope, like, learn, decide 등의 동사 뒤에서 목적어 역할
을 한다.
I hope to visit Italy again.
Andrew likes to go fishing alone.
They wanted to meet Mr. Davis.
(3) 보어 역할: ~하는 것(이다)

주로 be동사 뒤에서 to부정사가 주어를 보충 설명하는 보어 역할을 한다.
His dream is to become a comedian.
Today’s homework is to write about your best friend.
to부정사 대신 it을 주어로 쓰는 이유는 무엇일까?

아래 문장을 보고 어떤 문장의 주어가 더 쉽게 파악되는지를 생각해보자.
To be a good friend is easy. It is easy to be a good friend.

To write a letter in English is difficult. It is difficult to write a letter in English.
128 Chapter 10

Answers p.18
A 밑줄 친 to부정사의 쓰임으로 알맞은 것을 골라 기호를 쓰시오.
ⓐ 주어 ⓑ 목적어 ⓒ 보어
e.g. I want to borrow this book. ➞ ⓑ

1 To live in a city is convenient. ➞
2 My dream is to win a gold medal. ➞
3 It is impossible to travel to the sun. ➞
4 Kelly liked to watch horror movies. ➞
5 Your homework is to write an essay. ➞
6 They are planning to build their house. ➞
B 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 형태를 바꿔 쓰시오.
learn see brush become listen travel play
e.g. Did you want to see me?

1 My hobby is chess.
2 an actor is not easy.
3 to others is also very important.
4 You need your teeth after meals.
5 Jeff’s dream is around the world.
6 You can’t expect Spanish in a short time.
C 괄호 안의 말을 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. My dream is ... a professional golfer. (be)

→ My dream is to be a professional golfer.
1 They love ... their bicycles together. (ride)
→ They love their bicycles together.
2 They promised ... their homework tonight. (finish)
→ They promised their homework tonight.
3 My hobby is ... coins and stamps. (collect)
→ My hobby is coins and stamps.
4 Sam’s plan is ... 100 books in a year. (read)
→ Sam’s plan is 100 books in a year.
to부정사 129

U n i t
형용사 / 부사처럼 쓰는 to부정사
형용사처럼 쓰는 ‘~할, ~해야 할’이라는 뜻으로, to부정사가 형용사처럼 명사나 대명사를 꾸며주는 역할을 한다.
to부정사
I have some bread.
I have some bread to eat.
(1) to부정사가 명사를 뒤에서 꾸며준다.

Cindy has three books to read.
There are many beautiful places to see in Korea.
We have a lot of homework to do.
(2) 명사가 to부정사 뒤에 나오는 전치사의 목적어일 때는 반드시 전치사를 써야 한다.

I don’t have a chair to sit on.
Judy needed some paper to write on.
He is looking for someone to talk with.
부사처럼 쓰는 to부정사가 부사처럼 동사나 형용사 등을 꾸며주며, 목적이나 감정의 원인, 결과를 나타낸다.
to부정사
They studied hard.
They studied to pass the exam.
(1) 목적: ~하려고, ~하기 위해

I’ll save money to buy new sneakers.
Ruth exercises every day to stay healthy.
Karen came to Korea to learn taekwondo.
(2) 감정의 원인: ~해서

I’m happy to meet you today.
David was shocked to hear the news.
She was surprised to see the car accident.
(3) 결과: …해서 결국 ~하다

Anthony grew up to be a famous actor.
Mr. Brown lived to be 99 years old.
I woke up to find my birthday gift in my room.
130 Chapter 10

Answers p.18
e.g. Donald has some snacks ( eat / to eat ).

1 I wanted ( eat noodles / to eat noodles ).
2 I have many things ( finish / to finish ) before lunch.
3 Would you like ( drink something / something to drink )?
4 Amy wants to buy a coat to ( wear / wear on ).
5 Sandra needed a sofa to ( sit / sit on ).
6 She needed a bicycle to ( ride / ride with ) to school.
7 You can find some people to ( play soccer / play soccer with ).
B 밑줄 친 to부정사의 알맞은 쓰임을 찾아 문장의 기호를 쓰시오.
1 목적: ⓑ, 2 감정의 원인: 3 결과:
ⓐ She was surprised to hear the news.

ⓑ Mark went to the hospital to see a doctor.
ⓒ Peter woke up to find himself lying on a bench.
ⓓ My grandmother lived to be 86 years old.
ⓔ She is going to the park to take a walk.
ⓕ Patricia was happy to get an A on the test.
C 괄호 안의 말을 바르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오.
e.g. Maria went to Canada to learn English. (English, learn, to)

1 He called me . (the truth, tell, to)
2 She grew up . (an animal doctor, to, become)
3 I was so glad . (there, to, you, see)
4 This is a great way . (weight, to, lose)
5 I need some paper . (on, to, draw)
6 The dog got a new house . (to, in, live)
7 Are you looking for someone ? (travel, with, to)
to부정사 131

Writing Connection
1 She wants to has pizza for lunch.
2 My goal is be a fashion designer.
3 Angela decided to teaching English in Asia.
4 It was easy find this house.
5 To eating fresh vegetables is important.
1 I hurried up the bus.

① catch ② catching ③ to catch
2 She woke up a letter on the table.

① find ② found ③ to find
3 He was nervous in front of many people.

① stand ② to stand ③ to standing
4 George needs a pen to .

① write ② writing ③ write with
1 My brother wants to travel to Canada. He is saving money going there.

① ②
2 I hoped to sit, but there wasn’t a chair to sit.

① ②
3 To walk and rides my bicycle makes me feel refreshed.

① ②
4 Susan’s hobby is writes a short story. She wants to become a writer.

① ②
132 Chapter 10

Answers p.18
A 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 고른 후, 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 문장을 완성하시오.
eat live take become try drink study
e.g. Scott’s dream is to become a doctor.
1 Helen is hungry. She wants pizza.

2 Eric got a bad score. He decided hard.
3 Karen’s hobby is pictures of flowers.
4 Patrick is thirsty. He needs something .
5 She is excited water skiing for the first time.
6 We built a big house in.
B 그림을 보고 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 대화를 완성하시오.
A: Did you see the sign?

B: Yes. It’s not okay here.
1
(ride a skateboard)
A: Why did Albert go to China?

2 B: He went there .
(see the Great Wall)
A: How did Laura feel yesterday?

3 B: She was so happy .
(get many gifts)
A: What is her dream?

4 B: Her dream is at school.
(teach math)
to부정사 133

1 a. 영어를 배우는 것은 아주 중요하다. (learn)

→ is very important.
b. 영어를 배우는 것은 아주 중요하다.
→ It is very important English.
2 a. 그는 사업차 로마에 갈 필요가 있다. (go)
→ He needs to Rome on business.
b. 그녀의 꿈은 로마에 가는 것이다.
→ Her dream is .
3 a. Melissa는 먹을 것이 아무것도 없다. (eat)
Melissa doesn’t have anything
→ .
b Justin은 같이 먹을 사람이 누군가 있다.
→ Justin has someone .
4 a. Chris는 아버지를 위한 선물을 구하려고 가게에 갔다. (get)
→ Chris went to the store a present for his father.
b. 나는 이 멋진 운동화를 얻게 되어서 매우 행복하다.
→ I’m so these cool sneakers.
B 괄호 안의 단어를 이용하여 다음 글을 완성하시오.
Christine is planning (go camping) with her

(1) Christine은 내일 가족과 함께 캠핑을 가려고 계획하고 있다.
family tomorrow. She wants to bring a book (read).

(2) 그녀는 읽을 책 한 권을 가져가기를 원한다.
She wants to buy (some food, eat) tomorrow morning.

(3) 그녀는 내일 아침 먹을 음식을 약간 사기를 원한다.
She is going to buy five sandwiches.

그녀는 샌드위치를 다섯 개 살 예정이다.
She is excited (spend)

(4) 그녀는 그녀의 가족과 시간을 보내게 되어 신난다.
time with her family.
134 Chapter 10

[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. 5 ① David went to the mall to buy a bag.
② Charles turned on the light to read a book.
1
We love hiking. ③ Joseph saved money to help the poor.
④ Amy has some snacks to eat now.
① go ② goes
⑤ Martha works hard to be rich.
③ went ④ be going
⑤ to go
2
His hobby is comic books.
① collect ② collects
6 두 문장이 같은 뜻이 되도록 빈칸에 알맞은 것은?
③ collected ④ collection
⑤ to collect
To study every day is not easy.
= ‌ is not easy to study every
day.
① It ② This
3 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은? ③ He ④ She
⑤ To be
•I have many friends to talk .
•He needs a crayon to draw .
① to ② on
③ with ④ from
⑤ about

[4-5] 밑
‌ 줄 친 부분의 쓰임이 나머지 넷과 다른 것을
고르시오. A: How may I help you, sir?
B: I want to get a map the
4 ① She is happy to see her dad.
city.
② He is sad to get a bad grade.
③ I am shocked to hear the news. ① tour ② tours
④ Linda is glad to meet Mr. White. ③ toured ④ touring
⑤ It is important to make good friends. ⑤ to tour
to부정사 135

[8-9] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. 12 빈칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것은?
8 •There is a chair sit on.

They have some water .
•He went to the store buy
① drink ② drinks milk.
③ drinking ④ drank
① at ② to
⑤ to drink
③ on ④ with
⑤ from
9
To eat too many sweets not
[13-14] 우
good for your health.
13
① am ② is Julie는 너를 만나기를 원했다.
③ are ④ do
① Julie wanted meet you.
⑤ does
② Julie wanted meets you.
③ Julie wanted met you.
④ Julie wanted to meet you.
⑤ Julie wanted to meeting you.
[10-11] 주
‌ 어진 문장의 밑줄 친 부분과 쓰임이 같은 것
을 고르시오.
10
I made a toy car to make my son happy. 14
남의 말을 잘 들어주는 사람이 되는 것은 쉽지
않다.
① It is time to take a rest.
② They planned to go to the movies. ① To be a good listener is easy.
③ My dream is to be a movie director. ② This is easy to be a good listener.
④ She wants to buy a new cell phone. ③ It is not easy to be a good listener.
⑤ Amy reads many books to be a writer. ④ It makes a good listener to be easy.
⑤ You are not easy to be a good listener.
11
We have three boxes to move. 15 대화의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?
① I hope to visit London. A: Where are you going now?

② We need something to eat. ① ②
③ She was happy to find her bag. B: I’m going to the library borrowing
④ It is important to do your best. ③ ④
some books.
⑤ We
‌ went to an Italian restaurant to have
⑤
dinner.
136 Chapter 10

Answers p.19
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 [20-21] 어
‌ 법상 틀린 곳을 찾아 문장을 바르게 고쳐 쓰
16 20
Tom은 자라서 유명한 가수가 되었다. Emma ran fast to catches the bus.
(a famous singer, to, be) →
➞ Tom
‌ grew up .
21
To invent things make our life better.
→
17
오늘의 숙제는 영어로 일기를 쓰는 것이다.
(to, a, diary, write)
[22-24] 우
➞ Today’s
‌ homework is
in English.
22
그의 계획은 대도시에서 사는 것이다. (live)
➞ His plan is in a big city.
[18-19] 괄
‌ 호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오. 23
Jessica는 갖고 먹을 수 있는 숟가락이 없다.
18 (eat)
Tony has many things after
school. (do) ➞ Jessica
‌ doesn’t have a spoon
.
24
나는 그곳에서 너를 보게 되어 깜짝 놀랐다.
(see)
19
I will go to the post office ➞ I‌ was surprised
this letter. (send)
there.
to부정사 137

h apter
C
11
접속사

and, but, or
- 등위접속사
- and
- but
- or
when, before, after, because

- 종속접속사
- when
- before, after
- because

U n i t
and, but, or
등위접속사 접속사는 문장과 문장 또는 문장 속의 두 성분을 이어주는 역할을 하는 말이다. 그 중 등위접속사는

문장 속에서 문법적으로 대등한 단어와 단어, 구와 구, 절과 절을 이어주는 접속사이다.
His pet was small and cute.

Jason is probably in his room or in the bathroom.
Laura already woke up, but her sister is still sleeping.
and and는 ‘그리고’, ‘그래서’라는 뜻으로 서로 비슷하거나 연속적인 내용을 연결한다.
I have a dog and a cat.

She loves watching movies and dancing to music.
Angela lives in Canada, and her parents live in Australia.
Mike and Lisa love skating and skiing.
but but은 ‘그러나’, ‘하지만’이라는 뜻으로 의미상 반대되는 내용을 연결한다.
The spaghetti was salty but delicious.

Brian spent hours to find his glasses but couldn’t find them.
I was born in a big city, but I live in a small town now.
or or는 ‘또는’, ‘혹은’이라는 뜻으로 둘 중 하나를 선택할 경우 쓴다.
Would you like to have tea or coffee?

You can go there by bus or by train.
We can have pizza or we can go out for dinner.
I think James or Wendy is hiding something.
140 Chapter 11

Answers p.20
A 알맞은 것에 표를 하시오.
science.
e.g. I like math and
grandfather.
she loves him.
1 He loves her, but
she doesn’t love him.
by train?
2 Can we go by bus or
by noon?
tennis?
3 Did you buy bread for lunch and
dinner?
sings badly.
4 Leah dances well but
dances beautifully.
e.g. a. Sally is rich, ( and / but ) her life is successful.

b. Cathy is rich, ( and / but ) her life is not successful.
1 a. Alicia tried her best, ( and / but ) she failed the test.
b. Megan tried her best, ( and / but ) she passed the test.
2 a. You can choose a blue shirt ( or / but ) a red shirt.

b. He can choose a blue shirt ( and / but ) a blue jacket too.
3 a. Justin had a fever, ( and / but ) he had a sore throat.

b. Terry had a fever, ( and / but ) he didn’t take medicine.
4 a. They will go to the sea, ( or / but ) we will go to the mountains.

b. J ackson will go to the sea ( or / but ) the mountains during the
vacation.
and but or
e.g. I will play computer games or read books.

1 She got up early was late for school.
2 You can relax here play soccer with them.
3 I went to the Louvre saw the Mona Lisa.
4 Evan likes to listen to music doesn’t like to sing.
5 Jim visited his grandparents, they had a great time.
접속사 141

U n i t
when, before, after, because
종속접속사 종속접속사는 전후 문맥에 따라 의미상 종속되어 있는 절을 다른 절에 연결시켜 주는 접속사이다.

접속사가 붙는 절이 종속절이 되어 주절의 내용을 보충하는 역할을 한다.
When I grow up, I’ll travel all around the world.

종속절(부사절) 주절
when when은 ‘~할 때’라는 뜻의 접속사로, 「when＋주어＋동사」의 형태이다.
When John was five, he lived in Canada.

My uncle became a doctor when he was 25 years old.
before, after before는 ‘~이전에’, after는 ‘~이후에’라는 뜻의 접속사로 「before/after＋주어＋동사」의 형

태이다.
We will travel together before we graduate.

You have to brush your teeth after you have lunch.
cf. before/after가 전치사로 사용될 때는 「before/after＋명사(구)」의 형태이다.
We will travel together before graduation.
You have to brush your teeth after lunch.
because because는 ‘~때문에’라는 뜻의 접속사로, 「because＋주어＋동사」의 형태이다.
I like watermelon because it is sweet.

Because Albert couldn’t sleep well, he is tired now.
cf. ‌전치사구 because of 는 ‘~때문에’라는 뜻으로 because와 의미는 같지만 「because of＋명사(구)」
의 형태로 쓴다.
I like watermelon because of its sweetness.
접속사와 전치사의 차이는 무엇일까?

다음 두 문장을 읽고 before가 어떤 역할을 하는지 생각해보자.
Let’s have dinner before the movie Let’s have dinner before 7 o’clock.
starts.
142 Chapter 11

Answers p.20
e.g. She saved the file ( before / after ) she turned off the computer.
1 George needs the recipe ( before / after ) he makes the dish.
2 ( When / Because ) I was in Europe, it was summer.
3 Let’s go jogging ( before / after ) we get up tomorrow morning.
4 Please go to the bathroom ( before / after ) the class begins.
5 I had an apple pie for dessert ( before / after ) I finished the main dish.
6 We can’t play baseball ( because / when ) it is raining outside.
7 Kelly couldn’t find her wallet ( when / because ) she arrived at home.
8 ( Because / When ) the alarm didn’t ring, Peter didn’t get up early.
B 다음을 바르게 연결하여 문장을 완성하시오.
1 Kevin doesn’t put in sugar • •ⓐ when he went fishing.

2 We have to get a passport • •ⓑ after school finishes.
3 Maria had to take a taxi • •ⓒ when he drinks coffee.
4 William caught no fish • •ⓓ because she missed the last bus.
5 Let’s go to the movies • •ⓔ before we travel to other countries.
C 두 문장을 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 한 문장으로 완성하시오.
e.g. Peter is so hungry. He didn’t have breakfast.

→ Peter is so hungry because he didn’t have breakfast . (because)
1 Please call me. You arrive at the airport.
→ Please call me . (when)
2 I took the medicine. I had a meal.
→ I took the medicine . (after)
3 Eric bought flowers. He visited his teacher.
→ Eric bought flowers . (before)
4 She can’t see well. She is not wearing her glasses.
→ She can’t see well . (because)
접속사 143

Writing Connection
1 I want to be a writer but a musician too.
2 Andy hurried up and missed the bus.
3 You can wear blue but green shirts.
4 David went to the bookstore or bought some books.
5 The cheese was delicious because smelled bad.
1 I had a great time with Jenny I went to Chicago.

① or ② when ③ because
2 We will leave it gets dark.

① before ② but ③ or
3 Karen got a job she graduated.

① or ② but ③ after
4 John is looking for something to eat he is hungry.
① or ② and ③ because
1 When the waiter came, we ordered pizza or not salad.

① ②
2 Before it snowed a lot, they made a snowman and had a snowball fight.
① ②
3 Lena and Mark got good grades or they studied hard.

① ②
4 When Adam met Lisa, they went to the mall but bought a shirt.
① ②
144 Chapter 11

Answers p.20
A 그림을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오.
and but or because
1 Billy had dinner, he is still hungry.
2 She will go to Paris by train by airplane.
3 I did my best won first prize.
Molly feels very nervous she has to

4
speak in front of people.
e.g. I usually listen to music when I study . (I, when, study)
1 , I read books. (go to bed, I, before)

2 I play computer games . (I, feel, when, bored)
3 , I walk my dog. (have, I, after, dinner)
4 He wore a jacket . (because, was, cold, it)
5 Turnoff the water . (wash, you, after, your
hands)
접속사 145

1 a. 그는 역으로 뛰어갔고 기차를 탔다. (catch)

→ He ran to the station the train.
b. 그녀는 역으로 뛰어갔지만 기차를 놓쳤다. (miss)
→ She the train.
2 a. Sarah는 졸렸기 때문에 자러 갔다. (be sleepy)
→ Sarah went to bed .
b. Brian은 피곤했을 때 자러 갔다. (be tired)
→
3 a Carol은 오후에 음악을 듣거나 책을 읽는다. (read books)

→ Carol
‌ listens to music in the afternoon.
b. Eric은 지루함을 느낄 때 음악을 듣는다. (feel bored)
→ ‌
4 a. 너는 방 청소를 한 후에 밖에 나갈 수 있다. (clean your room)

→ You can go out .
b. 너는 숙제를 하기 전에는 밖에 나갈 수 없다. (do your homework)
→
It was sunny yesterday, (it, raining)

(1) 어제는 날씨가 맑았지만, 오늘은 비가 온다.
today. Jessica can’t go to the park

(2) 날씨가 좋지 않기 때문에 Jessica는 공원에 갈 수 없다.
(the weather, good). (the rain, stop), she will

(3) 비가 그치고 나면, 그녀는 공원에 갈 것이다.
go to the park. She is going to take

(4) 그녀는 산책을 하고 호수 위의 오리들을 볼 것이다.
a walk
(watch, the ducks) on the lake. She has
to come back home

(5) 그녀는 어둡기 전에 집으로 돌아와야만 한다.
(it, dark).
146 Chapter 11

[1-3] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 말을 고르시오. 5
•I drank water I was thirsty.
1 •She was happy she got a
He made vegetable soup an
puppy.
apple pie.
① or ② and ③ but
① and ② but ③ before
④ before ⑤ because
④ when ⑤ because
2
I will call you I arrive at the
airport.
6
① or ② but ③ and • you are in the library, be
④ after ⑤ because quiet, please.
• David was in Australia, he
learned to surf.
① Or ② And ③ When
④ Before ⑤ After
3
I was in Canada, I could see
many beautiful lakes.
① And ② But ③ When

④ After ⑤ During
7 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것은?
[4-6] 빈
‌ 칸에 공통으로 들어갈 알맞은 말을 고르시오. A: Mom, can I watch TV I go
to bed?
4
•We went to the beach, we B: Yes, you can, you have to
didn’t swim. finish your homework, first.
•I can bake cookies, I can’t A: Okay, Mom.
bake bread.
① before — but ② before — or
① but ② and ③ or ③ after — but ④ after — and
④ after ⑤ before ⑤ when — or
접속사 147

[8-9] 빈칸에 들어갈 말이 다른 하나를 고르시오. [12-13] 주어진 두 문장과 같은 의미의 문장을 고르시오.
8 ① Mom is angry I told her a lie. 12

I like fish. Cindy doesn’t like fish.
② Do you like summer winter?
③ I‌ took a nap I went to bed late last ① I like fish or Cindy doesn’t like fish.
night. ② I like fish but Cindy doesn’t like fish.
④ ‌ Jack is in the hospital, I will go to ③ I like fish before Cindy doesn’t like fish.
see him. ④ I like fish after Cindy doesn’t like fish.
⑤ We
‌ have to put on gloves it’s too ⑤ I like fish when Cindy doesn’t like fish.
cold.
13
The bus came. It was 8 o’clock at that
time.
9 ① James
‌ didn’t know you he met
you. ① The bus came or it was 8 o’clock.
② We
‌ have to turn off the lights we ② It was 8 o’clock, but the bus came.
go out. ③ Before the bus came, it was 8 o’clock.
③ We
‌ will go to the concert we finish ④ When the bus came, it was 8 o’clock.
school. ⑤ Because the bus came, it was 8 o’clock.
④ Irene
‌ makes a shopping list she
goes shopping.
⑤ You
‌ should wash your hands you
14 우리말을 영어로 바르게 옮긴 것은?
eat something.
우리는 아빠가 오신 후에 저녁을 먹을 거야.
① We will have dinner or Dad comes.

② We will have dinner but Dad comes.
10 주어진 문장에 because가 들어갈 알맞은 위치는?
③ We will have dinner and Dad comes.
Jerry is planning (①) to (②) visit (③) his ④ We will have dinner before Dad comes.
grandmother (④) tomorrow (⑤) is her ⑤ We will have dinner after Dad comes.
100th birthday.
15 다음 중 어법상 틀린 것은?
① I have time to talk before go home.
11 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은? ② We can eat noodles or rice.

③ It’s snowing but it’s not very cold today.
Kevin ① went to an Italian restaurant. ④ When you were a baby, you were cute.
He sat ② at the table ③ but checked the ⑤ I‌ gave him a birthday gift, and he was
menu ④ before he ⑤ ordered some food.
pleased.
148 Chapter 11

Answers p.21
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 [20-24] 우
르게 배열하여 문장을 완성하시오. 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.
16 20
Joe는 우유를 마시고 있고, 그의 부모님은 차를 우리는 축구를 하고 싶었지만, 축구공이 없었다.
마시고 계신다. (have)
(tea, his parents, are drinking, and)
➞ We
‌ wanted to play soccer,
➞ Joe
‌ is drinking milk, a
. soccer ball.
21
Walter 는 돈을 모았기 때문에 그 컴퓨터를 살
17 수 있었다. (save)
Heather가 다섯 살 때, 그녀는 의사가 되고 싶
었다. ➞ Walter
‌ could buy the computer
(five, when, was, Heather)
money.
➞ ‌ ,
she wanted to be a doctor.
22
그는 포크 또는 젓가락을 이용할 수 있다.
(chopsticks)
➞ He can use a fork .

[18-19] 어
시오.
18
Alice was sick yesterday, or she feels
okay now. 23
나는 밥을 먹기 전에 손을 씻는다.
→ (have a meal)
➞ I‌ wash my hands

.
19
Henry got wet before he didn’t have an 24
늦었기 때문에 나는 집에 갈 것이다. (late)
umbrella.
→ ➞ I‌ will go home
.
접속사 149

h apter
C
12
의문문, 명령문, 감탄문

who, what
- 의문사
- who
- what
when, where, why

- when
- where
- why
how
- how
- how＋형용사 / 부사
명령문, 감탄문
- 명령문
- 감탄문

U n i t
who, what
의문사 의문문에 쓰여 ‘누가’, ‘무엇을’, ‘언제’, ‘어디서’, ‘왜’, ‘어떻게’ 등을 묻는 말이다. 의문사가 있는 의
문문은 「의문사＋동사＋~?」의 형태이다. 대답은 yes나 no로 하지 않고 구체적인 내용으로 한다.
Who is your favorite actor?

— My favorite actor is Johnny Depp.
What do you want to be in the future?
— I want to be a pilot.
who ‘누구’라는 뜻의 의문사로 사람에 대해 물을 때 사용된다.
(1) who: 누가(주격), 의문사는 단수 취급하므로 의문사가 주어일 때는 동사를 단수형으로 쓴다.
Who is your homeroom teacher?
Who can speak more than two languages?
(2) who(m): 누구를(목적격), 일상생활에서는 whom 대신 who를 주로 사용한다.

Who(m) do you respect most?
Who(m) did you have dinner with?
(3) whose: 누구의(소유격)

Whose backpack is this?
Whose shoes are these?
what ‘무엇’이라는 뜻의 의문사로 사물에 대해 물을 때 사용된다.
(1) what: 무엇이, 무엇을

What is your name? (주어)
What did you do in the morning? (목적어)
(2) 「what＋명사」: 무슨 ~, 어떤 ~
What time is it now?
What movie do you like best?
의문문 만드는 법
•be동사의 의문문 「의문사＋ be동사＋주어~?」: Who is your favorite singer?

•일반동사의 의문문 ‌「의문사＋ do〔does/did〕＋주어＋동사원형~?」:
What did he do in summer vacation?
•의문사가 주어인 의문문 「의문사＋동사~?」: Who can play the piano?
152 Chapter 12

Answers p.22
e.g. A: ( Who / Whose ) bag is this?

B: It’s David’s.
1 A: ( Who / Whose ) is the class president here?
B: Jenny is the president.
2 A: ( Who / Whose ) did Sharon play tennis with yesterday?
B: She played tennis with Paul.
3 A: ( Who / Whose ) jacket is this?
B: It’s Kevin’s.
B who, whose, what 중 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 쓰시오.
1 A: can fix this machine?

B: Nick can do it.
2 A: did you invite to your birthday party?
B: I invited my classmates.
3 A: does your aunt do?
B: She is a teacher.
4 A: animal does John like most?
B: He likes rabbits most.
5 A: bicycle is that?
B: It’s my younger brother’s.
C 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 밑줄 친 부분을 묻는 질문을 완성하시오.
1 A: your best friend in your school? (be)

B: Mike is my best friend.
2 A: last weekend? (do)
B: I stayed at home.
3 A: the guitar? (play)
B: Lucy played it.
4 A: color ? (like)
B: He likes red.
의문문, 명령문, 감탄문 153

U n i t
when, where, why
when ‘언제’라는 뜻의 의문사로 시간, 날짜 등을 물을 때 사용한다.
When is her birthday? — It’s January 24.

When can you go shopping with me?
When did Nancy arrive at school?
cf. 구체적인 시간을 물을 때는 when 대신 what time을 쓸 수 있다.
What time did you get up today?
What time does the movie start?
where ‘어디에’라는 뜻의 의문사로 위치, 장소 등을 물을 때 사용한다.
Where does Amy live? — She lives in London.

Where are you from?
Where can I buy some water?
why ‘왜’라는 뜻의 의문사로 이유를 물을 때 사용한다.
Why were you so late? — Because I missed the bus.

Why did James go to the hospital?
Why is she crying?
why에 대한 대답은 주로 because ~로 답을 한다.
A: Why do we have to wait so long?
B: That’s because there are so many people here.
의문사의 역할에는 어떤 차이가 있을까?

다음 두 문장을 보고, 문장을 구성하는 성분에 어떤 차이점이 있는지 생각해 보자.
Who broke this window? When does the next train leave?
154 Chapter 12

Answers p.22
e.g. A: ( When / Where ) is Jason’s birthday?

B: It’s October 2.
1 A: ( Why / Where ) is the shopping mall in this town?
B: It’s behind the hospital.
2 A: ( Why / When ) did Jessica arrive late?
B: That’s because the traffic was heavy.
3 A: ( When / Where ) does the school festival begin?
B: It begins on September 20.
4 A: ( Where / Why ) did you come home early, Michael?
B: Because I had a headache.
B 각 질문에 대한 알맞은 답을 찾아 연결하시오.
1 Why were you late? • •ⓐ It begins in ten minutes.

2 Where does Wendy live? • •ⓑ I bought them at the mall.
3 When does the movie begin? • •ⓒ She lives in Chicago.
4 Where did you buy your jeans? • •ⓓ Because I got up late.
5 Why do you want to be a teacher? • •ⓔ ‌Because I like to teach others.
C 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 질문을 완성하시오.
e.g. 그들은 일요일에 왜 학교에 가니?

→ Why do they go to school on Sunday?
1 너는 네 삼촌을 언제 방문할 계획이니?
→ you plan to visit your uncle?
2 Laura는 그녀의 모자를 어디에서 샀니?
→ Laura buy her hat?
3 우리는 언제 처음 만났지?
→ we meet for the first time?
4 그는 왜 마음을 바꿨니?
→ he change his mind?
5 Ryan은 어디에서 정보를 얻을 수 있니?
→ Ryan get the information?

U n i t
how
how ‘어떻게, 어떤’이라는 뜻의 의문사로, 「How ＋동사＋주어 ~?」의 형태이다. 동사 자리에는 be동사
또는 조동사가 쓰인다.
How is the weather today? — It’s very cold.

How did you make this sandcastle?
How can I get to the theater?
how＋형용사 / 부사 ‘얼마나 ~한/~하게’의 뜻으로, how 뒤에 형용사 혹은 부사가 온다. 나이, 키, 빈도, 거리 등을
물을 때 쓴다.
(1) How old: 얼마나 나이가 많은

How old are you? — I’m thirteen years old.
(2) How tall: 얼마나 키가 큰, 얼마나 높은

How tall is your daughter? — She is 170 cm tall.
(3) How often: 얼마나 자주

How often do you go to the park? — I go to the park once a week.
(4) How far: 얼마나 멀리

How far is Amanda’s house from your house?
— It’s 7 kilometers from my house.
(5) 「How many ＋셀 수 있는 명사 (수)」 / 「How much ＋셀 수 없는 명사 (양)」: 얼마나 많은

How many students does Sam teach? — He teaches 30 students.
How much water do you drink a day? — I drink three bottles of water.
cf.
How much는 가격이 ‘얼마’라는 뜻으로 물건의 가격을 물을 때 쓸 수 있다.
How much is it? － It’s 3 dollars.
(6) 그 밖의 예
How long is the bridge? — It’s 300 meters long.
How big is your new house?
156 Chapter 12

Answers p.22
e.g. A: ( How many / How much ) books did Jenny read last month?
B: She read four books.
1 A: ( How old / How ) was your weekend?
B: It was great.
2 A: ( How often / How far ) do they go to the movies?
B: They go to the movies once a month.
3 A: ( How many / How much ) time do you spend on video games every day?
B: I spend two hours every day.
4 A: ( How long / How big ) is the river?
B: It’s 6,000 km long.
5 A: ( How fast / How tall ) is Sam?
B: He is 184 cm tall.
B 각 질문에 대한 알맞은 답을 찾아 연결하시오.
1 How big is your dog? • •ⓐ It is only a ten-minute walk.

2 How often do you do yoga? • •ⓑ ‌She bought it online.
3 How did Jen get a movie ticket? • •ⓒ I do it almost every day.
4 How old is his son now? • •ⓓ He is 10 years old.
5 How far is the school from here? • •ⓔ It is bigger than a rabbit.
C B의 밑줄 친 부분을 묻는 의문문이 되도록 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 써서 대화를 완성하시오.

e.g. A: How old is your brother?
B: He is 16 years old.
1 A: will Ken stay in Europe?
B: He will stay for a month.
2 A: dogs does he have?
B: He has three dogs.
3 A: can I get to the post office?
B: You can get there by subway.
4 A: do you go hiking?
B: I go hiking once a month.

U n i t
명령문, 감탄문
명령문 상대방에게 명령, 지시, 충고 등을 표현할 때 사용하는 문장이다. 상대방인 주어 you를 생략하고
동사원형으로 시작한다.
Fasten your seat belt.

Be patient!
(1) 긍정명령문: ‘~해라’는 뜻으로, 「동사원형 ~」의 형태이다.
Be quiet in the library.
Turn off the air conditioner.
cf. 상
‌ 대방에게 명령할 때 please를 명령문 앞 또는 뒤에 붙여서 좀 더 공손하게 표현할 수 있다.
Open the door.
→ Please open the door. / Open the door, please.
(2) 부정명령문: ‘~하지 마라’라는 뜻으로, 「Do not〔Don’t〕＋동사원형 ~」의 형태이다.

Don’t be nervous.
Do not eat ice cream.
cf. 「Let’s＋동사원형 ~」: ‘~하자’라는 뜻으로 상대방에게 권유할 때 쓴다. Let’s는 Let us의 줄임말이다.
Let’s go to the concert.
Let’s be calm.
Let’s not stay at home.
감탄문 ‘정말 ~하구나!’라는 뜻으로 어떤 일에 대한 기쁨, 슬픔, 놀라움 등 감정을 표현할 때 쓴다.
how는 형용사나 부사를 강조할 때 쓰고, what은 명사를 강조할 때 쓴다.
How beautiful you are!

What a delicious pizza it is!
(1) How＋형용사 / 부사 (＋주어＋동사)!
How wonderful the place is!
How fast he runs!
(2) What＋a(n)＋형용사＋명사 (＋주어＋동사)!

What a tall man he is!
What an interesting idea you have!
cf. 명사가 복수형이거나 셀 수 없는 명사인 경우 a(n)를 쓰지 않는다.
What beautiful dresses they are!
What sweet chocolate it is!
158 Chapter 12

Answers p.22
A 밑줄 친 부분을 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.
e.g. Don’t shy, my friend. ➞ Don’t be shy

1 Does your best, Peter. ➞
2 Be pay attention to me. ➞
3 Tells your mom and dad the truth. ➞
4 Doesn’t wear shorts in cold weather. ➞
5 Be careful and drives safely. ➞
B 그림을 보고 빈칸에 알맞은 말을 써서 명령문을 완성하시오.
1 touch.
2 quiet.
3 pick the flowers.
4 swim.
C 밑줄 친 부분을 강조하는 감탄문으로 바꿔 쓰시오.
e.g. The babies are lovely. ➞ How lovely the babies are!
1 The horse runs fast. ➞
2 They are cute puppies. ➞
3 The man is tall. ➞
4 You are a lucky guy. ➞
5 The question is difficult. ➞
6 She has beautiful eyes. ➞

Writing Connection
1 Who bicycle is that?
2 Where opened the windows?
3 Whose will James buy at the mall today?
4 When is the post office in this town?
5 How is breaktime?
1 quiet in the museum.

① Is ② Be ③ Being
2 up, or you’ll miss the school bus.

① Hurry ② Hurries ③ Hurrying
3 use a flash in the art gallery.

① Not ② Don’t ③ Doesn’t
4 a smart girl she is!

① Who ② How ③ What
1 What cute! Where did you get this T-shirt?

① ②
2 How a big whale it is! How big is it?

① ②
3 Who are your best friends? Where do you like them?

① ②
4 What a nice computer! How many money did you pay for that?
① ②
160 Chapter 12

Answers pp.22~23
A 그림을 보고 괄호 안의 단어를 이용하여 명령문 혹은 부정명령문을 완성하시오.
1 your step. (watch)
2 a cell phone. (use)
3 pictures in the museum. (take)
4 your seat belt. (fasten)
B 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 대화의 질문을 완성하시오.
1 A: is this? (laptop computer)

B: That is Carol’s.
2 A: is your baby? (old)
B: He is two years old.
3 A: do you have breakfast? (time)
B: I have breakfast at 8 o’clock.
4 A: do you exercise at the gym? (often)
B: I exercise at the gym every day.
5 A: do you wear? (size)
B: I wear a small size.

1 a. 따뜻한 물을 마셔라. (drink)

→ warm water.
b. 탄산음료를 너무 많이 마시지 마라.
→ too much soda.
2 a. 그는 정말 빨리 읽는구나! (fast)
→ he reads!
b. 그녀는 정말 빨리 읽는 사람이구나!
→ reader she is!
3 a. 네 삼촌은 언제 영어를 배우셨니? (your uncle)
→ learn English?
b. 네 삼촌은 어디에서 프랑스어를 배우셨니?
→ learn French?
4 a Terry는 토요일에 얼마나 많은 친구들과 축구를 하니? (friends)
→ does Terry play soccer with on Saturday?
b. Robin은 정말 좋은 친구들이 있구나!
→ Robin has!
B 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 다음 글을 완성하시오.
I came to the hospital because I have a stomachache. The nurse

나는 배가 아파서 병원에 갔어요. 그 간호사는
came to me and asked me many questions.

내게 와서 질문을 많이 했어요.
“ is your name?”
(1) “너의 이름이 뭐니?”
“My name is Sue.” “제 이름은 Sue예요.”
“ are you?”
(2) “너는 몇 살이니?”
“I’m 12 years old.” “저는 12살이에요.”
“ did you come here

(3) “너는 오늘 여기에 왜 왔니?”
today?” “I have a stomachache.” “저는 배가 아파요.”
She says, “Let’s meet the doctor. nervous.

그녀는, “의사선생님을 뵈러 가자. (4) 긴장하지 마.
You’ll be okay soon.” she is!

너는 괜찮을 거야.”라고 말해요. (5) 그녀는 정말 친절한 간호사예요!
162 Chapter 12

[1-2] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르시오. [5-6] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 나머지 넷과 다른 것을 고르
시오.
1
a beautiful girl she is!
5 ① far is it?
① Who ② How ② tall are you?
③ What ④ When ③ time is it now?
⑤ Why ④ much did it cost?
⑤ old is your brother?
2
behind the yellow line.
① Stand ② Stands
③ Stood ④ Standing
⑤ To stand
6 ① How children does he have?

② How water did she drink?
③ How
‌ books do you read in a year?
[3-4] 빈
‌ 칸에 공통으로 들어갈 말로 알맞은 것을 고르 ④ How
‌ languages do you speak?
시오.
⑤ How
‌ students does Lisa teach?
3
• are you doing today?
• interesting your idea is!
① Who ② How
③ What ④ When
⑤ Whose

4
• broke the bottle? A: were you late today?
• did you call last night? B: That’s because I woke up late.
① Who ② Whom ① Who ② Why

③ Whose ④ Where ③ What ④ When
⑤ Why ⑤ Where

[8-9] 빈
‌ 칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것을 고르 [12-13] 우
시오.
12
햄버거를 너무 많이 먹지 마시오.
8
• are you talking about?
① Not eat too much hamburgers.
• is lunchtime?
② Not eat too many hamburgers.
① What — What ② What — When ③ Don’t eat too much hamburgers.
③ When — Where ④ When — When ④ Don’t eat too many hamburgers.
⑤ Where — What ⑤ Do eat too much hamburgers.
13
9 그곳에 가는 데 얼마나 오래 걸릴까?
• does Ryan live?
•How do you drink juice? ① How old does it take to get there?
② How big does it take to get there?
① Who — far ② Who — often
③ How far does it take to get there?
③ Where — old ④ Where — often
④ How long does it take to get there?
⑤ When — far
⑤ How often does it take to get there?
10 주어진 문장에 a가 들어갈 알맞은 위치는? 14 대화의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 틀린 것은?
What ( ① ) cute ( ② ) baby ( ③ ) he ( ④ ) A: Where would you like to go, the beach
is ( ⑤ )! ① ②
or the mountains?
③
B: What a difficult question is it!
④ ⑤
11 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 말이 바르게 짝지어진 것은?
A: E xcuse me. can I try on

this shirt?
15 밑줄 친 부분이 어법상 틀린 것은?
B: Oh, the dressing room is right over
① Study hard.
there. with me.
② Bring an umbrella.
① When — Come ② When — Be come ③ Wash your hands.
③ Where — Coming ④ Where — Come ④ Not drink too much soda.
⑤ What — Be come ⑤ Don’t throw trash on the ground.
164 Chapter 12

Answers p.23
Writing Challenge
[16-17] 우
‌ 리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 바 [20-21] 어
16 20
너는 그 모자를 어디에서 샀니? What easy this math problem is!
(buy, where, you, did) →
➞ the cap?
21
Don’t buys anything in this store.
→
17
Bruce는 왜 그렇게 빨리 떠났니?
(did, leave, why, Bruce)
➞ so early?
[22-24] 우
22
Alice는 오늘 점심으로 무엇을 먹었니? (have)
➞ ‌
for lunch today?

[18-19] 괄
‌ 호 안의 말을 이용하여 우리말과 같은 뜻이
되도록 문장을 완성하시오.
18
do you learn
at school? (subjects)
23
너는 학교에서 얼마나 많은 과목들을 배우니? 이것은 누구의 열쇠입니까? (key)
➞ this?
24
19 다시는 학교에 늦지 마라. (late for school)
man Tony is!
(talented) ➞ ‌
Tony는 정말 재능 있는 남자구나! again.

불규칙 동사 변화표
원형 과거형 과거분사형
arise (일어나다) arose arisen

awake (깨어나다) awaked / awoke awoken
be (~이다, 있다) was, were been
bear (낳다) bore born
beat (치다) beat beaten
become (~이 되다) became become
begin (시작하다) began begun
bend (굽히다) bent bent
bind (묶다) bound bound
bite (물다) bit bitten
bless (축복하다) blessed blessed
blow (불다) blew blown
break (깨뜨리다) broke broken
bring (가져오다) brought brought
broadcast (방송하다) broadcast / broadcasted broadcast / broadcasted
build (짓다) built built
burn (타다) burnt / burned burnt / burned
buy (사다) bought bought
cast (던지다) cast cast
catch (잡다) caught caught
choose (고르다) chose chosen
come (오다) came come
cost (비용이 들다) cost cost
creep (기다) crept crept
cut (베다) cut cut
dig (파다) dug dug
do (하다) did done
draw (그리다) drew drawn
dream (꿈꾸다) dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt
drink (마시다) drank drunk
drive (운전하다) drove driven
eat (먹다) ate eaten
fall (떨어지다) fell fallen
feed (먹이를 주다) fed fed
feel (느끼다) felt felt

fight (싸우다) fought fought

find (발견하다) found found
fly (날다) flew flown
forget (잊다) forgot forgotten
forgive (용서하다) forgave forgiven
freeze (얼다) froze frozen
get (얻다) got got / gotten
give (주다) gave given
go (가다) went gone
grow (자라다) grew grown
have (가지다) had had
hear (듣다) heard heard
hide (숨기다) hid hidden
hold (잡고 있다) held held
hurt (다치다) hurt hurt
keep (유지하다) kept kept
know (알다) knew known
lay (눕히다) laid laid
lead (인도하다) led led
learn (배우다) learned / learnt learned / learnt
lend (빌려주다) lent lent
let (~하게 하다) let let
lie (눕다) lay lain
lose (잃다) lost lost
make (만들다) made made
mean (의미하다) meant meant
meet (만나다) met met
mistake (실수하다) mistook mistaken
pass (지나다) passed passed
pay (지불하다) paid paid
put (놓다) put put
read (읽다) read[red] read[red]
ride (타다) rode ridden
ring (울리다) rang rung
rise (오르다) rose risen

불규칙 동사 변화표
run (달리다) ran run

say (말하다) said said
see (보다) saw seen
seek (찾다) sought sought
sell (팔다) sold sold
send (보내다) sent sent
shake (흔들다) shook shaken
shine (빛나다) shone / shined shone / shined
show (보여주다) showed shown / showed
shut (닫다) shut shut
sing (노래하다) sang sung
sink (가라앉다) sank / sunk sunk
sit (앉다) sat sat
sleep (자다) slept slept
slide (미끄러지다) slid slid
smell (냄새가 나다) smelled / smelt smelled / smelt
speak (말하다) spoke spoken
spend (소비하다) spent spent
spill (엎지르다) spilled / spilt spilled / spilt
spread (펼치다) spread spread
stand (일어서다) stood stood
steal (훔치다) stole stolen
strike (치다) struck struck
swear (맹세하다) swore sworn
swim (수영하다) swam swum
take (잡다) took taken
teach (가르치다) taught taught
tell (말하다) told told
think (생각하다) thought thought
throw (던지다) threw thrown
understand (이해하다) understood understood
wake (잠이 깨다) woke woken
wear (입다) wore worn
win (이기다) won won
write (쓰다) wrote written

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문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 1 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:08

03 Unit 01 be동사의 현재형

04 Unit 01 일반동사의 현재형

06 Unit 01 can, may

문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 2 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:09

Chapter 현재진행형과 미래형

09 Unit 01 장소를 나타내는 전치사

10 Unit 01 명사처럼 쓰는 to부정사

11 Unit 01 and, but, or

Chapter 의문문, 명령문, 감탄문

12 Unit 01 who, what

문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 3 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:09

▶ THINK! 영어의 원리를 생각해 보며 재미있게 학습할 수 있습니다.

셀 수 없는 셀 수 없는 명사는 용기나 그릇을 단위로 사용하여 수량을 나타낸다.

a bowl of soup / rice a can of soup / soda e.g. a crayon

B 빈칸에 명사의 복수형을

a. A man is on the boat.

b. Two are on the boat.

문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 4 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:10

Writing ConneCtion Step 3 Sentences to a passage

A 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안의 말을 이용하여 문장을 완성하시오.

1 The man is artist. Step 2 phrases to Sentences

1 He lives in . 4 a. 나는 피자 한 조각을 원한다. (pizza)

3 He needs . 3 Sally sees . (penguin)

C 밑줄 친 부분이 잘못된 것을 고르시오.

3 David has . (ink)

1 명사의 성격이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? [5-6] 밑줄 친 부분이 바른 것을 고르시오.

[2-3] 명사의 복수형이 틀린 것을 고르시오.

2 ① egg ― eggs ② baby ― babies 6 ① He wants pizza.

⑤ piano ― pianos ③ She is from a England.

① umbrella ② a umbrella snake

There are two in the mailbox. 19 hero

문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 5 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:13

사람, 사물, 장소, 개념 등의 이름을 나타내는 말이다.

명사를 대신하는 말이다. 문장에서 주어, 목적어, 보어로 쓰인다.

사람 혹은 사물의 움직임이나 상태를 묘사하는 말이다.

명사의 성질, 수량, 모양, 크기, 색깔 등을 묘사하는 말이다.

문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 6 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:13

장소, 시간, 방법, 정도, 빈도 등을 나타내는 말이다. 동사, 형용사,

명사나 대명사와 함께 쓰여 장소, 위치, 시간, 목적 등을 나타내는

단어와 단어, 구와 구, 절과 절을 연결하는 말이다.

기쁨, 슬픔, 놀람 등의 감정을 나타내는 말이다.

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문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 8 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:14

문법 starter 01~02강 001~031 OK.indd 9 2015-10-13 오후 12:18:14

셀 수 있는 명사 사람, 동물, 사물, 장소 등을 나타내며 ‘하나, 둘...’ 셀 수 있다.

셀 수 있는 셀 수 있는 명사에는 단수형과 복수형이 있다.

대부분의 명사 ＋-s books cats eggs desks chairs

명사: 사람, 사물, 장소, 개념 등의 이름을 나타내는 말

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B 빈칸에 명사의 복수형을 쓰시오.

e.g. bag bags

C 밑줄 친 명사의 복수형을 쓰시오.

e.g. a. I have a brother.

1 a. A man is on the boat.

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셀 수 없는 셀 수 없는 명사는 용기나 그릇을 단위로 사용하여 수량을 나타낸다.

초콜릿은 셀 수 있을까? 셀 수 없을까?

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A 셀 수 있는 명사는 C, 셀 수 없는 명사는 U를 쓰시오.

B 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

e.g. ( A love / Love ) is feeling.

C 사진을 보고 주어진 말에서 빈칸에 알맞은 것을 골라 쓰시오. 필요하면 단어의 형태를 바꾸

셀 수 있는 셀 수 있는 명사에는 단수형과 복수형이 있다.

셀 수 없는 셀 수 없는 명사는 용기나 그릇을 단위로 사용하여 수량을 나타낸다.