PE 12 MODULE

WEEK 1-2
 WEEK 1
Introduction
Dance comes from the German word damson, which means <to stretch or <to drag=. It
developed as a natural expression of united feeling and action. Dance is considered the mirror of
the society because it responds to historical and religious events as well as social and political
statements.
Although there have been immense comparative differences in period and culture, people still
dance mainly for four reasons: (a) to please gods; (b) to please others; (c) to please themselves;
and (d) to build community within an ethnic group or social interaction.
History and Development of Dance from the Different Periods

❖ Dance During the Prehistoric Period

✓ It had been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive culture.

✓ It was used as a way of expression and reinforcing tribal unity and strength.

✓ It is based on superstition and infused with magic. Shamans as lead dancers acted as
physicians and religious leaders and kept tribes healthy, prosperous and safe.

❖ Dance During the Ancient Civilization

✓ Ancient Egypt.

➢ 3,300 BCE (First Dancing). It is believed that the first people to dance were the Egyptians.
Archaeologists discovered paintings of dancing figures in rock shelters and caves.

➢ As a way of expressing religious service and teaching ancient myth, three (3) major dancers
were evolved:
(1) the king;
(2) the priests who performed magical dances;
(3) virgin dancers who were trained to perform during ceremonies led by the priests.

✓ Ancient Crete.

➢ The Cretan civilization (3000-1400 BC) was a cultural link in the ancient world between
Egyptians and Greeks.

➢ Cretans used dance to perfect their military training which made excellent.
✓ Ancient Greece.

➢ Dance was not just for religious and military training but also a form of entertainment and
display.

➢ Plato immensely gave importance to dance in education as stated in the education on the
Laws. He highlighted the two kinds of dance and music: the noble (fin and honorable) and the
ignoble (imitating what is mean or ugly).

✓ Ancient Rome.

➢ Gave less importance to dancing which eventually became an integral part of the corruption in
the latter days of the Roman Empire resulting in the condemnation of dance by early Christians.
➢ Dance was primarily performed for religious, social and entertainment. However, theatrical
entertainment was prohibited but still existed and was performed within church during religious
ceremonies.

❖ Dance During the Middle Ages and The Renaissance

✓ 1400 (Ballet Comes into Play). Ballet started in this year in Italy, but didn’t really become
popular until around the year 1500. Ballet gained its popularity when a lady of the arts, Catherine
de Medici, married King Henry 11 and threw festivals where they would perform ballet dances.
Ballet is believed to be the main core of every single dance style.

✓ A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe in the 15th and 16th
centuries. During these times, new court dances performed by the nobility came about as well as
the rise of the art of ballet in Italy and France.

✓ Several other dance forms continued to sprout and spread across several countries.
LESSON 2: DANCING TOWARD 21ST CENTURY
Modern History

❖ Dance During the Late 16th and 17th Centuries (1501-1700)

✓ 1600 (Masque Dancing). Masque dancing started from elaborate pageants and shows in the
16th century. Masque dancing involved intricate costuming and stage designing that also
incorporated singing and acting as well as dancing. It was often used as a court entertainment. ✓
A period in the history of dance in Italy, France, and England which was considered to be
pleasantly deep and rich. France became the forerunner in dance during this period.

✓ Dance increased as a court amusement and later transformed into professional entertainment.

❖ Dance During the 18th Century (1701-1800)

✓ 1795 (Classical Persian Dancing). This style of dance evolved from courtroom dancing. An
era influencing Persian dance was the Qajar Dynasty which lasted from 1795 to 1925. Dancers
would perform artistic and lively dances for the Shah. The music is usually played by a small
band.

✓ 1800 (Tippity Tappity, Time for Tap). Tap dancing originated from African tribe dancing. Tap
dancing makes percussion sounds because of dancers most commonly wearing leather shoes with
two pieces of metal and clip and clap against hard floors. Tap is still very popular to this day.

❖ Dance During the 19th Century (1801-1900)

✓ 1890 (Merengue Dancing). It is a Caribbean dance style that involves partners holding each
other in a tango-like position and moving their hips side to side.

✓ 1900 (Jazz and Acro). It involves doing smooth and flexible movements, and lots of back
bending and tricks. Both styles are widely popular to this day.

✓ Ballroom dances also emerged during this period like Cotillion, Polonaise, Quadrille, Waltz
and Polka
WEEK 2

❖ 20th Century Dances (1901-2000)

✓ Described as a period of <dance fever= wherein the young and old alike were not limited to
express emotions through dance.

✓ 1950 (Contemporary Dance). Contemporary dance is a style that combines jazz, ballet, and
modern dance. It can be many different styles, but most of the time it is melancholy and or
intense.

✓ 1970 (Hip Hop Dance). There are many styles of hip hop that include breaking, popping,
locking, and more. Street dance was performed both in night clubs and on the streets. It is
associated with funk, breakdancing, and hip-hop.

✓ Several social dance movements also evolved such as castle walk, tango, foxtrot, Charleston,
Lindy Hop, Rumba, Mambo, Cha-ChaCha, Samba, Bossa Nova, Boogaloo and Twist.

✓ Popular fad dances also emerged like YMCA and Macarena.

❖ 21st Century Dance (2001- Present)

✓ 2018 (Dance Nowadays). Today’s dance style has taken a turn towards more hip hop dances.
Small and popular dances that involve hip hop and that most everyone can achieve include the
whip and nae nae, Gangnam Style (it’s a little old), shooting, and more.
LESSON 3: HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS AND FITT PRINCIPLES
The Health-Related Fitness Components
Before engaging any physical activities, you need to self- assess your health-related fitness status
and determine barriers to physical activity participation. Health-related fitness involves exercise
activities that you do in order to try to improve your physical health and stay healthy.
Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to provide the
needed oxygen and fuel to the body during sustained workloads. The 3-minute Step Test is used
to test cardiovascular endurance.
Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can produce. The Push Up Test is most often
used to test muscular strength.
Muscular endurance is the ability of the muscles to perform continuous without fatiguing. The
Basic Plank is most often used to test muscular endurance.
Flexibility is the ability of each joint to move through the available range of motion for a
specific joint. The Zipper Test and Sit and Reach Test is frequently used to test body flexibility.