Zhang, Dandan & Cheng, Hao & Zhang, Yuxi & Zhou, Yaochuan & Wu, Jing &

Liu, Juan & Feng, Wuwen &

Peng, Cheng. (2023). Ameliorative effect of Aconite aqueous extract on diarrhea is associated with
modulation of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Frontiers in pharmacology. 14. 1189971.
10.3389/fphar.2023.1189971. Introduction: Aconite is a form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that
has been widely used to treat diarrhea for thousands of years. However, it is not clear whether the anti-
diarrhea role of aconite aqueous extract (AA) is associated with regulation of the gut microbiota or with
bile acid (BA) metabolism. This study aimed to confirm whether AA exerts its anti-diarrhea effects by
regulating the gut microbiota and BA metabolism.

The therapeutic effect of AA in a mouse model of diarrhea was measured based on analysis of body
weight, fecal water content, diarrhea scores, intestinal propulsion rate, colonic pathology, and colonic
immunohistochemistry. In addition, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the
effect of AA on the gut microbiota, and targeted metabolomics was employed to analyze the effect of AA
on metabolism of BAs.

The results showed that treatment with AA reduced fecal water content and diarrhea scores, inhibited
intestinal propulsion rate and pathological changes in the colon, and increased AQP3 and AQP4 content
in the colon. In addition, AA was found to be capable of regulating the gut microbiota. Effects included
increasing its richness (according to the ACE and Chao1 indices); altering the gut microbiota community
structure (PCA, PCoA, and NMDS); increasing the relative abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae,
Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and
norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014; and decreasing the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella,
unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus_torques_group, and Parasutterella. More importantly,
AA significantly increased fecal TCA (a primary BA) and DCA, LCA, GDCA, dehydro-LCA, and 12-keto-LCA
(secondary BAs), thus restoring BA homeostasis. Moreover, AA increased the ratios of DCA/CA, DCA/TCA,
and LCA/CDCA and decreased the ratios of TLCA/LCA, GLCA/LCA, and TUDCA/UDCA.
Astillo, Jessica. (2022). Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) Juice: Nutritional Analysis and Microbial Analysis.
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology. Volume 7. 158-162.
10.22161/ijeab.76.18. Food's nutritional analysis guarantees that it contains the correct number of
vitamins and minerals while also allowing for a better understanding of the food's fat, carbohydrate
dilution, protein, fiber, sugar, etc. Identifying pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms is essential to
food microbiology because it ensures consumer safety, prevents brand desecration, and reduces the cost
of remediation after failed inspections or food poisoning outbreaks. This study's primary objective was to
determine the nutritional content and identify the hazardous microbes in the Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa
bilimbi) Juice. The study used an experimental methodology and underwent careful analysis to get
detailed results regarding the product. To ascertain the product's nutritional value, samples of the three
treatments-plain, grapes, and apple-were sent to the F.A.S.T. Laboratory. Analysis revealed that Bilimbi
Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) Juice contains Vitamins and minerals that benefit consumers; it includes Crude
Fiber, Calcium, Vitamin C, and phosphorus. The result is that each of the three treatments' nutritional
contents of "Bilimbi Fruit Juice" is within the recommended dietary requirement for Filipinos. Microbial
Analysis reveals no hazardous microbes and bacteria found in the products. Therefore, Bilimbi Fruit Juice
is an organic and nutritional juice safe for consumption and an excellent alternative to existing fruit juice
on the market.
The anti-diarrhea effect of AA was associated with restoration of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism-
related homeostasis. The results of this study provide insights into the application of AA and the qeda
diarrhea.