THE

PHILOSOPHICAL
VIEW OF SELF
DR. JANET S. DELENA
SOCRATES: KNOW YOURSELF
Socrates is principal concerned
with man. He considers man
from the point of view of his inner
life.
“ Know yourself”
Socrates was a Greek philosopher
Virtue and knowledge from Athens who is credited as a
founder of Western philosophy
Virtue is the deepest and most and the first moral philosopher of
basic propensity of man. the Western ethical tradition of
thought
Plato: the Ideal Self, the Perfect Self

According to plato, man was omniscient or all-

knowing before he came to be born into this
world.

Man who is now an exile on earth has a

guiding star, a model or a divine expemplar
Divine ideas are exemplar causes in the likeness
of which God produces creatures.
Which he must follow to reach and attain his
destiny.
Plato was an Athenian philosopher
during the Classical period in
Ancient Greece, founder of the
Platonist school of thought and the
Academy, the first institution of
higher learning in the Western
world.
Immanuel Kant: Respect for Self

Man is the only creatures who governs

and directs himself and his actions, who
sets up ends for himself and his purpose
and who freely orders means for the
attainment of his aims.

Immanuel Kant was a German

A Person should not be used as a tool,
instrument or devise to accomplish
another’s private ends. Thus all men are
persons gifted with the same basic rights
and should treat each other as equals.
philosopher and one of the central
Enlightenment thinkers. Kant's
comprehensive and systematic works in
epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and
aesthetics have made him one of the
most influential figures in modern
Western philosophy.
Rene Descartes:
“I think, therefore I am”

States that them the self is a thinking

entity distinct from the body.

Its first famous principles was : Cogito,

Ergo Sum,”
“ I think, therefore I am” René Descartes was a French philosopher,
mathematician, and scientist who invented
analytic geometry, linking the previously
separate fields of geometry and algebra
John Locke: Personal Identity
Personal identity is founded on
consciousness , and not the
substance of either the soul of
the body.

John Locke FRS was an English philosopher

and physician, widely regarded as one of the
most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and
commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"
David Hume:
The Self is the Bundle
Theory of Mind
Man has no “ clear and intelligible” idea
of the self.

Even if there were such an impression of

the self, it would have to remain
constant over time to constitute identity.
However, man’s impressions vary and
always change.
David Hume was a Scottish
Enlightenment philosopher, historian,
economist, librarian and essayist, who is
best known today for his highly
influential system of philosophical
empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.
 The Christian or Biblical
View of Self
◦ The Holy Bible

“ God created man in His image; in the divine image He

created him; male and female He created them. God blessed
them, saying, “ Be fertile and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it.
Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds in the air , and all
the living things that move on the earth.”

Genesis 1: 24 – 28

It is appropriate to think of the “ self” as the MULTI-BEJEWELED

CROWN OF CREATION The Bible is a collection of
religious texts, writings, or
Physical, Intellectual, Moral, Religious, Social, Political, Economic, scriptures sacred in Judaism,
Emotional, Sentient, Aesthetic, Sensual and Sexual Aspects.
Samaritanism, Christianity,
Islam, Rastafari, and many
other faiths.
 ST. Agustine
◦ Love and Justice as the foundation of
the Individual Self.
◦ Loving God means loving one’s
fellowmen; and loving one’s fellowmen
denotes never doing any harm to
another or, as the golden principles of
justice states, doing unto others as you Augustine of Hippo, also known as
would have them do unto you. Saint Augustine, was a theologian,
philosopher, and the bishop of
Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman
North Africa.
Sigmund Freud: The
Psychoanalytic Theory of Self
Freud’s asserts that the human psyche ( personality) is
structured into three parts (tripartite)
1. ID – internal drives or instinctive drives, it consist of
the body’s primitive biological drives and urges which are
concerned only with achieving pleasure and self-satisfaction.
ID lives completely in the unconscious. ( Internal Desires)
2. EGO – It is the “I” part of the individual that gives
him / her the sense of his / her own identity. The ego is the
rational part of the personality. (Reality) Sigmund Freud was an Austrian
neurologist and the founder of
3. Superego – It is the part of the personality
psychoanalysis, a clinical
concerned with morals, precepts, standards and idea. The
method for treating
superego is also the critical faculty of the personality.
psychopathology through
(Conscience)
dialogue between a patient and
a psychoanalyst.
Stages of Psychosexual Development
◦ 1. Oral . From birth to the end of the first year, the mouth becomes the
part of the body through which gratification is secured
◦ 2. Anal. From the age of 2 to 3 years, the child derives the feeling of
pleasure or pain from defecating. It covers the toilet-training period.
◦ 3. Phallic. From the age of 3 to 6 years, the child gets curious about
his/her genitals and becomes attached to the parent of the opposite
sex. The attraction of a boy to his mother is called Oedipus complex,
while that a girl to her father is called Electra complex.
◦ 4. Latecy. From the age of 10 to 12 years, sexual motivations
presumably recede in importance as the child becomes preoccupied
with developing skills and other activities.
◦ 5. Genital. After puberty, the deepest feelings of pleasure presumable
come form heterosexual relations.
Erik Erikson: The Psychosocial Stages of Self Development

◦ Erickson was primary concerned with how both

psychological and social factors affect the
development of individuals. He has formulated
eight major stages of development, each posing
a unique developmental task and simultaneously
presenting the individual with a crisis that he/ she
must overcome
◦ A crisis is not “ a threat of catastrophe but a
turning point, a crucial period of increased Erik Homburger Erikson was a
vulnerability and heightened potential” German-American
developmental psychologist and
◦ Accordingly, individual develop a healthy psychoanalyst known for his
personality by mastering “ life outer and inner theory on psychological
dangers.” development of human beings.
He may be most famous for
coining the phrase identity crisis.
Quiz #01

Watch the video titled “The Miracle of Life”

by RenderingCG on Youtube.
Factors in the Development of the
Physical Self
◦ Heredity is the transmission of traits or characteristics
from parents to offspring. It provides the raw materials of
which the individual is made up.
◦ Environment is ethe sum total of the forces of
experiences that a person undergoes from conception
to old age.
The Beginning of Life

◦Fertilization
◦Gonads
◦Spermotozoa
◦Testes
◦Ovaries
◦Zygote
◦X
◦Y
◦XX
◦XY
◦Genes
◦DNA de·ox·y·ri·bo·nu·cle·ic ac·id
/dēˌäksēˌrībōn(y)o͞oˈklēik ˈasid/

◦Maturation
Taking Care of My Physical Self

◦Balanced
Diet
◦Water
◦Sleep
Intelligent Behaviors
Seeing My Natural Ability
◦ Performance can be greatly influenced by one’s behavior.
◦ Behavior is defined as the manner in which a person conducts
himself/herself in various circumstances.
The following are 14 Intelligent behaviors indictive of an efficient
and effective problem-solver, many of which were originally
compiled by Costa (2000)
Fourteen Intelligent Behaviors
1. Persistence.
2. Overcoming Impulsiveness.
3. Listening to Others
4. Flexibility in Thinking
5. Metacognition.
6. Checking for Accuracy and
Precision
7. Questioning and Problem
Solving
8. Applying past Knowledge to New Situations.
9. Precision of Language and Thought
10. Using all the Senses
11. Creativity
12. Living with a Sense of Wonderment
13. Cooperation
14. Sense of Humor
Fundamentals
of Emotion
Emotion Management
Strategies
1. Smile to make yourself feel good
2. Smile to make others feel good
3. Get up and move
4. Check in with your body
5. Physically remove the tension
6. Breathe
7. Talk to someone
8. Disengage and re-engage emotions
9. Label your emotions
10.Label emotions for others.
Be ready for Midterm Examination!!!

Good Luck Class !!!!

First Reporter / Module 6
Social Self
Relating Harmoniously and Properly with Everyone
Second Reporter / Module 7
Moral Self:
Living with Purpose- Personal Value and Philosophy of Life
Third Reporter / Module 8
Concept of Self:
Understanding and Enhancing One’s Self Image
Fourth Reporter / Module 9
Responsible Self:
My Commitment of Lifelong Growth
Fifth Reporter / Module 10
Assessing for Self-improvement
Directing My Destiny
Sixth Reporter / Module 11
The best of Me:
Outstanding Awards Day