信号与系统实验

Signals and Systems Laboratory

Lab #1. Basics for Signals and
MATLAB
Instructor：张利君
Office: 一教129
Email: zhanglj@sustech.edu.cn
Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering
 Outline

1. Introduction
2. Basics for MATLAB
3. Signal Basics in MATLAB

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Part 1. Introduction

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Signals & Systems

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Contents and Grading Policy（实验内容及评价方式）
5 Lab assignments (45%) + 2 Coding tests (5%) + 2 Projects (50%)
 Lab 1. Signal Representations with MATLAB Programming（信号的表示及MATLAB
编程）（10%）
 Lab 2. Linear Time-Invariant Systems （线性时不变系统）（10%）
 Lab 3. Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals （周期信号的傅里叶级数
表示）（10%）
 Lab 4. The Continuous Time Fourier Transform （连续时间傅里叶变换）（10%）
 Lab 5. Prelab for Project 1（5%）
 Coding test 1&2 (5%)

• Project 1. Speech Synthesis and Perception with

Envelope Cue （语音合成与感知）
• Project 2. Motion detection via communication signals
（基于通信信号的运动检测）
Two Reports (20% for each one) of the Two Projects and
the Presentation (10%) of One Project (Project 1 or Project
2, choose it by yourselves).

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 Regulations（课程规则）
5 Lab Assignments:
 Two students in the same class form a group
 Submit one report per lab for each group before the deadline, sign both
of your names on the report
 Submit your report through the Blackboard System

2 Projects:
 Four students in the same class form a group
 Submit one report per project for each group before the deadline
 Submit your report through the Blackboard System

 请不要迟到，做完了可以提前离开
 迟交报告一律不计分
 平常上课老师会随机提问

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 Time Schedule（时间安排）
• Week 1 (9th September). Introduction & Lab 1 tutorial
• Week 2 (16th September). Lab 1
• Week 3 (23rd September). Lab 1 continued
• Week 4 (30th September). Lab 2 tutorial
• The week for National Day (9th October). Lab 2
• Week 5 (14th October). Lab3 tutorial
• Week 6 (21st October). Lab 3
• Week 7 (28th October). Lab 4 tutorial
• Week 8 (4th November). Lab 4
• Week 9 (11th November). Lab 5 & Project 1 tutorial
• Week 10 (18th November). SUSTech Sports Meeting on Friday, no class
• Week 11 (25th November). Project 1
• Week 12 (2nd December). Project 1 continued, coding test (30 min)
• Week 13 (9th December). Project 2 tutorial
• Week 14 (16th December). Project 2
• Week 15 (23rd December). Project 2 continued, coding test (30 min)
• Week 16 (30th December). Final Presentation

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Part 2. Basics for MATLAB

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 Matrix Laboratory
 Very easy programming
language
 Powerful graphics
capabilities
 Very sleek and interactive
interface
 Great for general scientific
and engineering
computation

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 MATLAB Desktop（软件界面）
Toolbar (工具栏)

Script Window
(脚本窗口) Workspace
(工作区)
Current Folder
(当前文件夹)

Command Window
(命令行窗口)

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 MATLAB 的工作方式

%用plot函数画一个方波 x(t)
t=[-1 0 0 1 1 3]; 1
x=[0 0 1 1 0 0];
plot(t,x); t
xlabel('t'); 0 1

ylabel('x(t)');
axis([-1 3 0 2]);

① 直接在命令行窗口一条一条的输入命令
② 建一个名字为 example.M 的文件，然后在命令行
窗口输入文件名回车运行

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 MATLAB 获取帮助及注释

命令行窗口输入： help + 函数名

例如 help plot
命令行窗口输入：doc 调出整个帮助界面
lookfor:关键字搜索
%： 注释符，用此符号引领一行，此符号
后的所有文字均为注释

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 变量
 变量名由字母、数字和下划线构成，第一个字符必须是字母，变
量名不能使用关键字（关键字可以用命令 iskeyword 查看）
 大写和小写的字母视为不同的字符
 变量名长度：不超过63个字符（64位系统），对于每个系统可以
用命令 namelengthmax 查看
 不需要变量的类型说明，直接赋值，例如：num_students = 25
 特殊变量：
变量
ans pi inf NaN tic toc i, j date clock
名
当前正在 Not-a-number，表 秒表 秒表
圆周 无穷 虚数 当前 当前
含义 操作的默 示不定值，如0/0、 计时 计时
率 大 单位 日期 时间
认变量 ∞/∞、0*∞ 开始 结束

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 Arrays and Matrices (数组与矩阵)
All MATLAB variables are multidimensional arrays, no matter
what type of data. A matrix is a two-dimensional array.

An array x = [1 5 3 4 2 6] or x = [1,5,3,4,2,6]

A matrix A = [1 3 5;3 6 7;0 5 8]

A= A 3-dimensional array C = zeros(3,3,2)

1 3 5 C(:,:,1) = C(:,:,2) =
3 6 7
0 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

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 Arrays and Matrices (数组与矩阵)
A = [2 3 5;4 6 8;2 5 1] A' inv(A)

A= ans = ans =

2 3 5 2 4 2 -4.2500 2.7500 -0.7500

4 6 8 3 6 5 1.5000 -1.0000 0.5000
2 5 1 5 8 1 1.0000 -0.5000 0

k = 10:-0.5:6
t = 0:8
k=
t=
10.0000 9.5000 9.0000 8.5000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8.0000 7.5000 7.0000 6.5000
6.0000

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 Arrays and Matrices (数组与矩阵)
B = [1:3;6:-1:4;4:6] x = linspace(0,2,5)

B= B(1,1) = 1 x=
B(1,3) = 3
1 2 3 0 0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000
6 5 4
4 5 6 B(:,1) zeros 产生矩阵元素全为0的矩阵
ones 产生矩阵元素全为1的矩阵
B(3,:) ans = eye 产生单位矩阵
rand 产生(0,1)均匀分布随机数矩阵
ans = 1 randn 产生正态分布随机数矩阵
6
4 x = rand(1,3)
4 5 6
x=

0.8147 0.9058 0.1270

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 Arrays and Matrices (数组与矩阵)
Concatenation of arrays B=
and matrices
1 3
x = [1 3];y = [5 8]; 5 8
length(X) = max(size(X))
>> A = [x y]
A= >> size(B)

1 3 5 8 ans =

>> B = [x;y] 2 2
B=
>> length(B)
1 3
5 8 ans =

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 Data Types (数据类型)
Numeric types
(by default)

Single

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 Data Types (数据类型)

MSB LSB
single(a) 01000110001111100111100000000000

single(b) 10110111010011001000010000000000

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 Data Types (数据类型)

Complex number >> x = rand(1)*2

x=
>> x = 2+ 3*i
1.6294
x=
>> y = rand(1)*3
2.0000 + 3.0000i
y=

abs(x) 求复数x的模 2.7174

angle(x) 求复数x的相角(弧度) >> z = complex(x,y)
real(x) 求复数x的实部
imag(x) 求复数x的虚部 z=
conj(x) 求复数x的共轭
1.6294 + 2.7174i

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 Data Types (数据类型)

Characters and Strings

chr = 'hello, world' >> name = 'myname';

domain = 'mydomain ';
chr = ext = 'com';
address = strcat(name, '@', domain, '.', ext)
'hello, world'
address =

'myname@mydomain.com'

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 Operators and Elementary Operations
(运算符及基本运算)
Arithmetic Logic
+ addition A & B 逻辑与(and)
- subtraction A | B 逻辑或(or)
* multiplication ~A 逻辑非(not)
/ division
^ power Relational
‘ complex conjugate transpose
A < B 小于
A > B 大于
A <= B 小于等于
A >= B 大于等于
A == B 等于
A ~= B 不等于

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 Operators and Elementary Operations
(运算符及基本运算)
>> A = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] >> B = [3 5 2;5 3 8;3 6 9] How about
A^2
A= B= X/Y
X\Y
1 2 3 3 5 2 2*A
4 5 6 5 3 8 A + 3j*B
7 8 9 3 6 9 (A + 3j*B)’

>> X = A + B Y=A- B >> Z = A * B >> T = A'

X= Y= Z= T=

4 7 5 -2 -3 1 22 29 45 1 4 7
9 8 14 -1 2 -2 55 71 102 2 5 8
10 14 18 4 2 0 88 113 159 3 6 9

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 Operators and Elementary Operations
(运算符及基本运算)
>> A = [1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9] >> B = [3 5 2;5 3 8;3 6 9] How about
A.^2
A= B= (A + 3j*B).’

1 2 3 3 5 2
4 5 6 5 3 8
7 8 9 3 6 9

>> Z = A * B >> A.*B >> A./B

Z= ans = ans =

22 29 45 3 10 6 0.3333 0.4000 1.5000

55 71 102 20 15 48 0.8000 1.6667 0.7500
88 113 159 21 48 81 2.3333 1.3333 1.0000

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Useful Commands
(几个常用命令)

>> who
>> whos
>> clear
>> clc
>> dir
>> pause

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 Functions (函数文件)

 M文件的第一行包含function
 功能: 建立一个函数，可以同MATLAB的库
函数一样使用
x(t)
1
例：编一个绘制图示波形的函数

t
1、先编写一个与函数同名的M文件 -1 0 1

function y = tri(t) 2、调用函数tri，并画出它的波形

y=[abs(t)<=1].*(1-abs(t));
t=-2:0.05:2;
plot(t,tri(t));

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 Functions (函数文件)

function myOutput = myFunction(x)

function [one,two,three] = myFunction(x)

function myFunction(x)

function [one,two,three] = myFunction(x,y,z)

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 Flow Control (流程控制)
Similar to almost all programming language, MATLAB program has
three basic structures:
–Sequence, Selection and Repetition

Statement 1 Condition ?
Condition ?
YES NO YES
Statement 2
Statement 1 Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3

Sequence Repetition: for

Selection: if
& while

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 Flow Control (流程控制)
Selection: if if ((a>3) & (b==5))
statements;
if expression end
statements
elseif expression if (a<3)
statements;
statements elseif (b~=5)
else statements;
statements end
end
if (a<3)
statements1;
else
statements2;
end

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 Exercise 1.1 Selector.m

Write a script to add ‘5’ to a number if it

is greater than ‘10’, else add ‘10’.

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 Flow Control (流程控制)
Repetition: for
for i=1:100
for index = values statements
end
statements
end for j=1:3:200
statements
end
例: 编写计算s=1+2+3+…+100的MATLAB程序
for m=13:-0.2:-21
s = 0; statements
for n=1:100 end
s=s+n;
end for k=[0.1 0.3 -13 12 7 -9.3]
statements
end

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 Flow Control (流程控制)
Repetition: while
while ((a>3) & (b==5))
while expression statements
statements end
end

s = 0;
n = 1;
eps = 1e-6;
while 1/(n*n) > eps
s = s+1/(n*n);
n = n+1;
end
fprintf ('s=%.5f\n',s)

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Exercise 1.2 Accumulator.m

Write a script to output the sum of

numbers from 1 to the number input.

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 Test 1

IF (The input number N is an even integer)

Sum=2+4+6+…+N;
IF (The input number N is an odd integer)
Sum=1+3+5+…+N;

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 Basic Graphics Commands
(基本图形命令)
plot函数

t = linspace(0,4*pi,512);
plot(t,sin(t),t,cos(t),'-.');
title('my figure');
xlabel('t');
legend('sin(t)','cos(t)');

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 Basic Graphics Commands
(基本图形命令)
plot函数
t = linspace(0,4*pi,100);
y = sin(t).*exp(-t/3);
plot(t,y,'b-');
title('y = sin(t).*exp(-t/3)');
xlabel('t');
axis([0 4*pi -0.8 0.8]);

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 Basic Graphics Commands
(基本图形命令)
stem函数

k = 0:39;
stem(k,cos(0.9*pi*k));
title('cos(0.9\pik)');

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 Basic Graphics Commands
(基本图形命令)
x = linspace(0,4*pi,100); Multiple plots in a figure
y = sin(x);
figure(1);
plot(x, y,'r--','linewidth',2);
hold on;
plot(x, y+1,'k--','linewidth',2);
legend('wave_1', 'wave_2');

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 Basic Graphics Commands
(基本图形命令)
x = linspace(0,4*pi,100); subplots
y = sin(x);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(x, y);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(x, abs(y));

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Part 3. Signal Basics in MATLAB

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 Exponentials
f (t )
t Ke t (  0)
f (t )  Ke
K
f (t )  (2 - e-2t )u(t ) Ke t (  0)
Ke t (  0)
t = -1:0.01:10;
t1 = -1:0.01:-0.01; 0 t
t2 = 0:0.01:10;
u =[zeros(1,length(t1)),ones(1,length(t2))];
f = (2-exp(-2*t)).*u;
plot(t,f)
axis([-1,10,0,2.1]) Help heaviside
syms t;
f = sym((2-exp(-2*t))*heaviside(t));
fplot(f,[-1,10]);
axis([-1,10,0,2.1]) Help syms sym
fplot
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 Sinusoids
f (t )  K sin(t +  ) f t 
T
K
t
f (t )  cos( ) u (t ) - u (t - 4) 2π
2 
O 2π t



t = -2:0.01:8;
f = 0.*(t<0) + cos(pi*t/2).*(t>0 & t<4) + 0.*(t>4);
plot(t,f)

syms t;
f=sym(cos(pi*t/2)*[heaviside
(t)-heaviside(t-4)]);
fplot(f,[-2,8]);

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 Complex Exponentials
f (t )  Kest  Ke( + j )t  Ke t cos t + jKe t sin t
f (t )  e(0.4+ j 8)t
syms t; omega = 0.4 + j*8;
f = sym(exp(omega*t));
f1 = real(f);f2 = imag(f);f3 = abs(f);f4 = angle(f);
subplot(2,2,1);
fplot(f1,[0,10]);
title('real part of exp(0.4+j8)t');
grid on;
subplot(2,2,2);
fplot(f2,[0,10]);
title('imaginary part of exp(0.4+j8)t');
grid on;
subplot(2,2,3);
fplot(f3,[0,10]);
title('magnitude of exp(0.4+j8)t');
grid on;
subplot(2,2,4);
fplot(f4,[0,2]);
title('phase of exp(0.4+j8)t');

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 Exercise 1.3 ComExp

Plot the real part, imaginary part, magnitude

and phase of the continuous-time signal
𝝅 𝝅
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝟐 + 𝒆𝒙𝒑 𝒋 𝒕 + 𝒆𝒙𝒑 𝒋 𝒕 .
𝟒 𝟐

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信号与系统实验 Signals and Systems Laboratory 45
 Sinc Function (抽样函数)

sin 𝜋𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝑡 = 𝑡≠0
𝜋𝑡
1 𝑡=0

① even function, sinc(t) = sinc(-t)

② sinc(0) = 1, lim sinc 𝑡 = 1
𝑡→0
③ sinc(n) = 0, for integers n = ±1, ±2, ⋯
∞ ∞
④ 0 sinc t dt = 1/2, −∞ sinc t dt = 1
⑤ lim sinc t = 0
t→±∞
1 π jωt
⑥ sinc t = e dω
2π −π

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 Rectangular Pulse & Square Wave
% Generate 4 seconds of a rectangular pulse with a
% sample rate of 1KHz and a width of 1s,
% centered about t = 2s.
fs = 1000; % Number of samples per second
t = 0:1/fs:4; % Time vector
x = rectpuls(t-2,1); % Generating rectangular pulse
plot(t,x); % Plotting the pulse
axis([0 4 -0.5 1.5]);

Help rectpuls
% Generate a 10 Hz square wave
with duty cycle 50%.
t = 0:.0001:0.5;
y = square(2*pi*10*t,50);
plot(t,y);
axis([0,0.5,-1.2,1.2]);

Help square

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 Triangular Pulse
% Create a triangular pulse with width 0.4.
fs = 10000; % Sampling frequency
t = -2:1/fs:2; % Time Vector
w = 1; % Triangle Width
x = tripuls(t,w); % Sampled aperiodic triangle
plot(t,x,'b-');
hold on;
s1 = 0.5; % Skew parameter s = 0.5
y = tripuls(t,w,s1);
plot(t,y,'r:');
hold on;
s2 = 1; % Skew parameter s = 1
z = tripuls(t,w,s2);
plot(t,z,'g--');
xlabel('Time (sec)');ylabel('Amplitude');

Help tripuls

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 Discrete-time Signals
x[n]  n  u[n] - u[n - 8]

t = 0:7;
t1 = -10:15;
f = [zeros(1,10),t,zeros(1,8)];
stem(t1,f);
axis([-10,15,0,10]);
grid on;

𝑥 𝑛 = (−1/2)𝑛 𝑢[𝑛]

n = -3:6;
y = (n>=0);
x = (-0.5).^n.*y;
stem(n,x,'filled')

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 Exercise 1.4 ComExpSeries

Plot the real part and imaginary part of the complex

exponential series

𝝅
𝒙𝟏 [𝒏] = 𝒆𝒙𝒑 𝒋 𝒏 , 𝒙𝟐 [𝒏] = 𝒆𝒙𝒑 𝒋𝟑𝒏
𝟔

Are they periodic?

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 Comparison between 𝑒 𝒋𝝎𝟎 𝑡 and 𝑒 𝒋𝝎𝟎 𝑛

𝒙 𝒕 = 𝑒 𝒋𝝎𝟎 𝑡 𝒙 𝒏 = 𝑒 𝒋𝝎𝟎 𝒏
𝑒 𝒋𝝎𝟎𝑡 ≠ 𝑒 𝒋𝝎𝟏 𝑡 (distinct signals) if 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑛 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔1𝑛 (identical signals) if
𝜔0 ≠ 𝜔1 𝜔1 = 𝜔0 + 2𝑘𝜋
2𝑘𝜋
𝑥 𝑡+ = 𝑥(𝑡) periodic for any 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑘𝑁 = 𝑥[𝑛] periodic only if
𝜔0
𝜔0 = 2𝜋𝑚/𝑁 for some integers N
choice of 𝜔0 and m
Fundamental frequency 𝜔0 Fundamental frequency 𝜔0 /𝑚
Fundamental period: Fundamental period:
𝜔0 = 0: undefined 𝜔0 = 0: undefined
𝜔0 ≠ 0: 2𝜋/𝜔0 𝜔0 ≠ 0: 2𝜋𝑚/𝜔0

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Harmonically Related Complex Exponentials
𝝓𝒌 (𝒕) = 𝑒 𝒋𝒌𝝎𝟎 𝑡 𝜔0 = 𝜋/4

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Harmonically Related Complex Exponentials
𝝓𝒌 [𝒏] = 𝑒 𝒋𝒌(𝟐𝝅/𝑵)𝒏 𝑁=8

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 Singularity Functions
Unit step function (continuous time)
1 t 0
u (t )   Undefined at t= 0!
0 t0
% Use array representation directly
t1 = -5:0.01:2;
t2 = 2:0.01:5;
% Use sign funciton
1 t = [t1,t2];
t = -5:0.01:5;
x =[zeros(1,length(t1)),ones(1,length(t2))];
plot(t,x); 2 x = 0.5 + 0.5*sign(t-2);
axis([-5,5,-0.1,1.1]); plot(t,x);
axis([-5,5,-0.1,1.1]);

% Call stepfun
T = -5:0.01:5; % Use symbolic math function
T0 = 2; syms t;
3 x = stepfun(T,T0); 4 x = heaviside(t-2);
plot(T,x); fplot(x);
axis([-5,5,-0.1,1.1]); axis([-5,5,-0.1,1.1]);

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 Singularity Functions
% Funciton to calculate unit step for each input t
function y = unit_step(t)
y = (t>=0);

% Main function, call function 'y = unit_step(t)'

5 t = -5:0.01:5;
for i = 1:length(t)
ti = t(1,i);
y(1,i) = unit_step(ti-2);
end
plot(t,y);
axis([-5,5,-0.1,1.1]);

% Funciton to calculate unit step for each input t

function y = unit_step(t)
y = (t>=0);

6 % Use function handle to call functions defined by users

t = -5:0.01:5;
x = @unit_step;
plot(t,x(t-2));
axis([-5,5,-0.1,1.1]);
Help function_handle

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 Singularity Functions
Unit impulse function (continuous time)
 (t )  0 (t  0) 1
 𝛿∆ 𝑡 − 𝑡1 = ∆ 𝑡1 < 𝑡 < 𝑡1 + ∆ 𝛿 𝑡 − 𝑡1 = lim 𝛿∆ (𝑡 − 𝑡1 )
 ∆→0
   (t )dt  1 0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟
 -

% Use array representation directly

t1 = -5:0.01:1.99;
t2 = 2.01:0.01:5;
1 t = [t1,2,t2];
x=[zeros(1,length(t1)),inf,zeros(1,length(t2))];
plot(t,x);

% Call dirac function

t = -5:0.01:5; % Call symbolic function dirac
2 x = dirac(t-2); syms t;
plot(t,x); 3 x = dirac(t-2);
fplot(x);
int(x,t,-inf,inf) % ans = 1

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 Singularity Functions
Unit step sequence (discrete time)
1, n0
u[n]  
0, n0

n = -10:10;
y=[zeros(1,10),ones(1,11)];
stem(n,y);

% u[n-2]
n = -10:10;
n0 = 2;
u = ((n-n0)>=0);
stem(n,u);

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 Singularity Functions
Unit impulse sequence (discrete time)

1 𝑛=0
𝛿𝑛 =
0 𝑛≠0

% Use array representation directly

n = -10:10;
y=[zeros(1,10),1,zeros(1,10)];
stem(n,y);

% Call gauspuls
n = -10:10;
y = gauspuls(n-2);
stem(n,y);

n = -10:10;
n0 = 2;
y = ((n-n0)==0);
stem(n,y);

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 Singularity Functions
 (t ) u(t)

1
（1）

t 0 t
0
f (t ) (t )  f (0) (t )
t
(1) (6)  -
 ( )d  u (t )
d
 
u (t )   (t )
(2) -
 (t ) f (t )dt  f (0)   (t )dt  f (0)
-
(7)
dt
0 t0
(3) f (t ) (t - t0 )  f (t0 ) (t - t0 ) (8) f (t )u (t )  

 f (t ) t  0
(4) -
 (t - t0 ) f (t )dt  f (t0 )
(9) 
t
 ( - t0 )d  u (t - t0 )
-
(5)  (t )   (-t ) d
(10) u (t - t0 )   (t - t0 )
dt

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 Singularity Functions

(1) x[n] [n]  x[0] [n] (5)   [k ]  u[n]

k -
+
(6) u[n] - u[n - 1]   [n]
(2)   [k ]x[k ]  x[0] n0
k - 0
(7) x[n]u[n]  
(3) x[n] [n - n0 ]  x[n0 ] [n - n0 ]  x[n] n  0
n
+
(8)   [k - n0 ]  u[n - n0 ]
(4)   [k - n ]x[k ]  x[n ]
k -
0 0 k -

(9) u[n - n0 ] - u[n - n0 - 1]   [n - n0 ]

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Addition and Multiplication of Signals
sin 𝜔𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡

sin 8𝜔𝑡 sin 8𝜔𝑡

sin 𝜔𝑡 + sin 8𝜔𝑡 sin 𝜔𝑡 ∗ sin 8𝜔𝑡

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 Transformations of Time Index
syms t;
f = sym(heaviside(t)-heaviside(t-2)+(1+t)*(heaviside(t+1)-heaviside(t)));
subplot(2,2,1);fplot(f,[-2,3]);
axis([-2 3 -0.2 1.2]);
title('f(t)');grid on;
f1 = subs(f,t,t+5);
subplot(2,2,2);fplot(f1,[-7,-2]);
axis([-7 -2 -0.2 1.2]);
title('f(t+5)');grid on;
f2 = subs(f,t,-t+5);
subplot(2,2,3);fplot(f2,[2,7]);
axis([2 7 -0.2 1.2]);
title('f(-t+5)');grid on;
f3 = subs(f,t,-2*t+5);
subplot(2,2,4);fplot(f3,[-1,4]);
axis([-1 4 -0.2 1.2]);
title('f(-2t+5)');grid on;

Help subs

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 Transformations of Time Index
1 𝑛 = −2
2 𝑛 = −1
3 𝑛=0
𝑥 𝑛 = 3 𝑛=1
3 𝑛=2
3 𝑛=3
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟

n = -6:6;
x1 = (n+3).*((n>=-2)-(n>=1))
+3.*((n>=1)-(n>=4));
subplot(2,2,1);stem(n,x1,'.');
title('x[n]');
x2 = fliplr(x1);
subplot(2,2,2);stem(n,x2,'.');
title('x[-n]');
n3 = n + 2;x3 = x1;
subplot(2,2,3);stem(n3,x3,'.');
title('x[n-2]');
n4 = n -2;x4 = x1; Help fliplr, flipud
subplot(2,2,4);stem(n4,x4,'.');
title('x[n+2]');

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 Signal Decomposition
1
even part of signal 𝒇 𝒕 𝑓𝑒 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑡 + 𝑓 −𝑡
2

1
odd part of signal 𝒇(𝒕) 𝑓𝑜 𝑡 = 𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑓 −𝑡
2

f e (t )  f e (-t ) f o (t )  - f o ( -t )

𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑓𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑓𝑜 𝑡 𝑓 −𝑡 = 𝑓𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑓𝑜 𝑡

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 Exercise 1.5 SigTrans
𝒙𝟏 𝒕 = 𝟒 − 𝒕 𝒖 𝒕 − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) , 𝒙𝟐 𝒕 = sin 2𝜋𝑡
Plot the following signals in one figure by using subplot.
① 𝒙𝟑 𝐭 = 𝒙𝟏 𝐭 + 𝒙𝟐 𝐭
② 𝒙𝟒 𝐭 = 𝒙𝟏 𝐭 ∗ 𝒙𝟐 𝐭
③ 𝒙𝟓 𝐭 = even part of 𝒙𝟏 (𝐭)
④ 𝒙𝟔 𝐭 = odd part of 𝒙𝟏 (𝐭)
⑤ 𝒙𝟕 𝐭 = 𝒙𝟐 𝐭 ∗ 𝒙𝟑 𝐭 − 𝟏

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信号与系统实验 Signals and Systems Laboratory 67
 Differentiation and Integration

fs = 10000; t = -2:1/fs:2; w = 1;
x = tripuls(t,w);
plot(t,x,'b-'); hold on;
x1 =diff(x)*fs;
plot(t(1:length(t)-1),x1,'r-.');hold on;
syms s;
x =sym((2*s+1).*(heaviside(s+0.5)-heaviside(s))+(1-
2*s).*(heaviside(s)-heaviside(s-0.5)));
y = int(x);fplot(y,'m');
axis([-1,1,-2.5,2.5]);
Help int

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 Lab#1 Assignment
1.4 & 1.5

Deadline: 10:00am September 30th

Submit the report in word or pdf
format through Blackboard.

信号与系统实验 Signals and Systems Laboratory 69