Table of Contents

Structure 1.1-Introduction to the particulate nature of matter 2

Structure 1.2-The nuclear atom 6
Structure 1.3-Electron configurations 17
Structure 1.4-Counting particles by mass The mole 28
Structure 1.5-Ideal gases 72

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Structure 1.1—Introduction to the particulate nature of

matter
1. What changes occur when ice at its melting point is converted to liquid water?
I. movement of the molecules increases.

II. distance between molecules increases.

A. I only

B. II only

C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II

2. What change(s) occur(s) when a liquid boils?

I. The average energy of the particles increases.

II. The attractive forces between the particles become stronger.

III. The spacing between the particles increases.

A. I only

B. III only

C. II and III only

D. I and III only

3. In which changes is there an increase in the spacing between particles?

I. boiling

II. condensing

III. diffusion

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

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4. 12molecules of hydrogen gas, H2(g), and 5molecules of oxygen gas, O2 (g), were mixed together under
conditions which allowed the reaction to go to completion, according to the following equation.
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
The following diagram represents the mixture of reactants.

Which diagram represents the reaction mixture when the reaction was complete?

5. Some sodium chloride is dissolved in water. Which term describes the role of sodium chloride in
this process?

A. Solute

B. Solvent

C. Solution

D. Saturated

6. Which equation represents sublimation?

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A. 2Al(s) + 3I2 (g) → 2AlI3 (s)

B. HgCl2 (s) → HgCl2 (g)

C. I2 (g) → I2 (s)

D. CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O(l)

7. Which change of state is exothermic?

A. CO2(s) → CO2 (g)

B. H2O(l) → H2O(g)

C. NH3 (g) → NH3 (l)

D. Fe(s) → Fe(l)

8. Which statements about mixtures are correct?

I. The components may be elements or compounds.

II. All components must be in the same phase.

III. The components retain their individual properties.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

9. Which is a homogeneous mixture?

A. Oil and water

B. Sand and water

C. Ethanol and water

D. Chalk and sand

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10. Which diagram represents a heterogeneous mixture?

11. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole numbers?
__BaCl2 (aq) + __Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) → __FeCl3 (aq) + __BaSO4 (s)
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 9
12. Which is correct?
A. Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous and their chemical properties are an average of the
individual component properties.
B. Mixtures are never heterogeneous and their chemical properties are an average of the individual
component properties.
C. Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous and the components retain their individual
chemical properties.
D. Mixtures are never homogeneous and the components retain their individual chemical properties.

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Structure 1.2—The nuclear atom
1. All isotopes of tin have the same
I. number of protons;
II. number of neutrons;
III. mass number.
A. I only
B. II only
C. EH only
D. I and III only
2. The following diagram should be used to answer question 2.(HL)

According to the mass spectrum above, the relative atomic mass of the element shown is best expressed as
A. 20.0.
B. between 20.0 and 21.0.
C. 21.0.
D. between 21.0 and 22.0.
3. Using the Aufbau Principle, deduce which element below has the greatest number of unpaired electrons in
its ground state.
A. Z = 13
B. Z = 14
C. Z= 15
D. Z = 16

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4. Which element has the lowest first ionization energy?
A. Li
B. Na
C. Mg
D. Al
5. In which region of the Periodic Table would the element with the electronic structure below be located?
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d65s2
A. group 6
B. group 8
C. group 2
D. group 8
6. An element with the symbol Z has the electron configuration 2.8.6.
Which species is this element most likely to form?
A. The ion Z2+
B. The ion Z6+
C. The compound H2Z
D. The compound Z6F
7. Isotopes of an element differ in their:
A. atomic number
B. number of neutrons
C. position in the Periodic Table
D. electronic arrangement
8. Spectra have been used to study the arrangements of electrons in atoms.
An emission spectrum consists of a series of bright lines that converge at high frequencies.
Such emission spectra provide evidence that electrons are moving from.
A. lower to higher energy levels with the higher energy levels being closer together.
B. lower to higher energy levels with the lower energy levels being closer together.
C. higher to lower energy levels with the lower energy levels being closer together.
D. higher to lower energy levels with the higher energy levels being closer together.
9. Which species contains 16 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons?
A. 32S-
B. 33S2-
C. 34S-
D. 35S2-

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10. Which of the following particles contain more electrons than neutrons?
I. 11H
II. 1735Cl-
III. 1939 K+
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
11. The first four ionisation energies (kJ mol-1) for a particular element are 550, 1064, 4210 and 5500
respectively. This element should be placed in the same Group as
A. Li
B. Be
C. B
D. C
12. What information about the structure of a hydrogen atom can be gained from its emission spectrum?
A. Most of the mass of the atom is in its nucleus.
B. A hydrogen atom contains one proton and one electron.
C. The electron in the hydrogen atom is held near the nucleus.
D. The electron may exist in any of several energy levels.
13. The correct number of protons and the electron configuration for chlorine is
number of protons electron configuration
A. 17 2, 8, 7
B. 17 2, 8, 8
C. 18 2, 8, 7
D. 18 2, 8, 8
14. The relative masses and charges of protons, neutrons and electrons are:
mass charge
proton 1 +1
neutron 1 0
electron negligible −1
Using these data, what are the values for the mass and charge of the helium nucleus?
mass charge
A. 2 +2
B. 2 0
C. 4 +2
D. 4 0

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15. Isotopes of an element have the same number of
A. protons and electrons.
B. protons and neutrons.
C. neutrons and electrons.
D. protons, neutrons and electrons.
59 59
16. What is the difference between two neutral atoms represented by the symbols 27 Co and 28 Ni ?
A. The number of neutrons only.
B. The number of protons and electrons only.
C. The number of protons and neutrons only.
D. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

17. How many electrons are there in one 24

12 Mg 2+ ion?
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 22
18. Copper consists of the isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu has a relative atomic mass of 63.55. What is the most likely
composition?
63
Cu 65
Cu
A. 30 % 70 %
B. 50 % 50 %
C. 55 % 45 %
D. 70 % 30 %
19. Information is given about four different atoms
atom neutrons protons
W 22 18
X 18 20
Y 22 16
Z 20 18
Which two atoms are isotopes?
A. W and Y
B. W and Z
C. X and Z
D. X and Y

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20. A certain sample of element Z contains 60% of 69Z and 40% of 71
Z. What is the relative atomic mass of
element Z in this sample?
A. 69.2
B. 69.8
C. 70.0
D. 70.2
21. How many neutrons are there in the ion 18O−2 ?
A. 8
B. 10
C. 16
D. 20
22. Which statement is correct about the isotopes of an element?
A. They have the same mass number
B. They have the same electron arrangement
C. They have more protons than neutrons
D. They have the same numbers of protons and neutrons
210 210
23. What is the difference between two neutral atoms represented by the symbols 84 Po and 85 At ?
A. The number of neutrons only.
B. The number of protons and electrons only.
C. The number of protons and neutrons only.
D. The number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
24. What is the symbol for a species that contains 15 protons, 16 neutrons and 18 electrons?
32
A. 16 S

B.
32
16 S 3−

C.
33
15 P−

D.
31
15 P3−
25. Which species contains the same number of electrons and neutrons?
1
A. 1 H
2 −
B. 1 H
7 +
C. 3 Li

D.
35
17 Cl −

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26. The mass spectrum of a sample of an element is shown below

Which value is closest to the relative atomic mass of the element?

A. 64.5
B. 65.0
C. 65.5
D. 66.0
27. Which species have the same number of electrons?
I. S2–
II. Cl–
III. Ne
A.I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
28. A sample of element X contains 69 % of 63X and 31 % of 65X.
What is the relative atomic mass of X in this sample?
A. 63.0
B. 63.6
C. 65.0
D. 69.0

29. How many electrons does the ion

31
15 P3− contain?
A. 12
B. 15
C. 16
D. 18

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30. Which statement about the species 63Cu2+ and 65Cu+ is correct?
A. Both species have the same number of protons.
B. Both species have the same number of electrons.
C. Both species have the same number of neutrons.
D. Both species have the same electron arrangement.
31. Which statement about the isotopes of an element is correct?
A. They have the same mass number.
B. They have a different atomic number.
C. They have the same chemical properties.
D. They are located in different places in the periodic table.
32. A sample of zinc has the following composition:

What is the relative atomic mass of the zinc in this sample?

A. 64.5
B. 65.0
C. 65.9
D. 66.4
33. Which isotope has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19?
A. 9
F
B. 19
K
C. 19
F
D. 28
Si
34. What is the correct number of each particle in an oxygen ion, 18O2–?

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35. Which statements about atomic structure and the periodic table are correct?
I. An element in group 2 has 2 electrons in its valence (outer) energy level.
II. An element in period 3 has electrons in 3 energy levels.
III. The element in group 2 and period 3 has an atomic number of 12.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
36. Which statements about the isotopes of an element are correct?
I. They have the same chemical properties.
II. They have different physical properties.
III. They have the same number of protons and electrons.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
37. What are the numbers of neutrons and electrons in the iodine ion,125I+ ?

38. What does 52

24𝑋 represent?

A. An isotope of Te with 24 neutrons

B. An isotope of Te with 24 electrons
C. An isotope of Cr with 28 protons
D. An isotope of Cr with 28 neutrons

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39. Which statement about the isotopes of nitrogen is correct?

40. Which species has 16 protons and 17 electrons?

A. S−
B. S
C. Cl
D. Cl-
53
41. Which is correct for the chromium isotope Cr ?
24

A. 24 neutrons and 53 nucleons

B. 24 protons and 29 nucleons
C. 24 protons and 29 neutrons
D. 24 electrons and 53 neutrons
24 2+
42. What does 12 Mg represent?

A. An ion with 12 protons and 24 neutrons

B. An ion with 14 protons and 24 neutrons
C. An ion with 12 protons and 12 neutrons
D. An ion with 12 protons and 22 neutrons
43. What is the number of protons and the number of neutrons in 131I?

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44. Which shows the number of subatomic particles in 31P3−?

45. What is the composition of the nucleus of 26Mg?

46. Which statement about 56Fe3+and 54Fe2+ is correct?

A. Both have the same numbers of protons and electrons.
B. Both have the same number of protons.
C. Both have the same number of neutrons.
D. Both have the same numbers of protons and neutrons.
47. Bromine consists of two stable isotopes that exist in approximately a 1:1 ratio. The relative atomic mass, Ar ,
of bromine is 79.90. Which are the stable isotopes of bromine?
A. 79Br and 81Br
B. 80Br and 81Br
C. 78Br and 80Br
D. 79Br and 80Br

48. Which is correct for 34

16 S 2− ?

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2−
49. What is represented by A in A A
Z X ?
A. Number of electrons
B. Number of neutrons
C. Number of nucleons
D. Number of protons

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Structure 1.3—Electron configurations
1. Which one of the following elements has the lowest first ionisation energy?

A. Li

B. Na

C. Mg

D. Al

2. Spectra have been used to study the arrangements of electrons in atoms. An emission spectrum consists

of a series of bright lines that converge at high frequencies. Such emission spectra provide evidence that

electrons are moving from

A. lower to higher energy levels with the higher energy levels being closer together.

B. lower to higher energy levels with the lower energy levels being closer together.

C. higher to lower energy levels with the lower energy levels being closer together.

D. higher to lower energy levels with the higher energy levels being closer together.

3. What information about the structure of a hydrogen atom can be gained from its emission spectrum?

A. Most of the mass of the atom is in its nucleus.

B. A hydrogen atom contains one proton and one electron.

C. The electron in the hydrogen atom is held near the nucleus.

D. The electron may exist in any of several energy levels.

4. When the elements below are arranged in order of increasing ionisation energy, what is the correct order?

A. Li, Na, K

B. Na, K, Li

C. Na, Li, K

D. K, Na, Li

5. Which species have electronic configurations 2.8.8, 2.8 and 2.8.1 respectively?

A. Ne, F, Na

B. K+, F-, Mg 2+

C. Ca2+, F, Na+

D. Cl-, F-, Na

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6. Which electron transition in the hydrogen atom releases the most energy?

A. n=2 → n=1

B. n=3→ n=2

C. n=4 → n=3

D. n=5 → n=4
7. An element is in group 3 and period 2. How many electrons are present in its outer shell?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 5

D. 6

8. Energy levels for an electron in a hydrogen atom are

A. evenly spaced.

B. farther apart near the nucleus.

C. closer together near the nucleus.

D. arranged randomly.

9. Which is related to the number of electrons in the outer main energy level of the elements from the alkali

metals to the halogens?

I. Group number

II. Period number

A. I only

B. II only

C. Both I and II

D. Neither I nor II

10. Which statement is correct for the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom?

A. The lines converge at lower energies.

B. The lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higher energy levels.

C. The lines in the visible region involve electron transitions into the energy level closest to the nucleus.

D. The line corresponding to the greatest emission of energy is in the ultraviolet region.

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11. Electrons are directed into an electric field from left to right as indicated by the arrow in the diagram below.
Which path is most probable for these electrons?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4
12. How many valence electrons are present in an atom of an element with atomic number 16?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 8
13. Which statement is correct about a line emission spectrum?

A. Electrons absorb energy as they move from low to high energy levels.

B. Electrons absorb energy as they move from high to low energy levels.

C. Electrons release energy as they move from low to high energy levels.

D. Electrons release energy as they move from high to low energy levels.

14. What are valence electrons?

A. Electrons in the energy level closest to the nucleus

B. Electrons in the highest main energy level

C. The number of electrons required to complete the highest main energy level

D. The total number of electrons in the atom

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15. Which equation represents the first ionization energy of fluorine?

A. F (g) + e- → F− (g)

B. F−(g) → F(g) + e−

C. F+(g) → F(g)+ e−

D. F (g) → F( g) + e−

16. Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom?

I. The lines converge at lower energies.

II. Electron transitions to n=1 are responsible for lines in the UV region.

III. Lines are produced when electrons move from higher to lower energy levels.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

17. The ionization energies of three consecutive elements in the periodic table are 1680, 2080 and494 kJ mol−1
respectively. Which of the following shows the elements with these values?

A. O F Ne

B. F Ne Na

C. Ne Na Mg

D. Na Mg Al

18. Which is correct for the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Ultraviolet (UV) Infrared (IR)

A. high energy short wavelength low energy low frequency
B. high energy low frequency low energy long wavelength
C. high frequency short wavelength high energy long wavelength
D. high frequency long wavelength low frequency low energy

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19. An element is in group 4 and period 3 of the periodic table. How many electrons are in the highest occupied
energy level of an atom of this element?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 12

D. 14

20. An atom of an element contains 19 electrons. In which group of the periodic table does it occur?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 5

D. 7

21. Which describes the visible emission spectrum of hydrogen?

A.A series of lines converging at longer wavelength

B. A series of regularly spaced lines

C. A series of lines converging at lower energy

D. A series of lines converging at higher frequency

22. Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is not correct?

A. The wavelength of ultraviolet radiation is shorter than infrared radiation.

B. The frequency of visible radiation is higher than the frequency of ultraviolet radiation.

C. The energy of infrared radiation is lower than the energy of ultraviolet radiation.

D. Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.

23. Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is correct?

A. Infrared light has a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet light.

B. Visible light has a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet light.

C. The frequency of visible light is higher than the frequency of infrared light.

D. The energy of infrared light is higher than the energy of visible light.

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24. Which diagram shows a pattern similar to the emission spectrum of hydrogen?

25. In the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom, which electronic transition would produce a line in the
ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A. n =1 → n = 3

B. n =3 → n =1

C. n =3 → n =2

D. n =10 → n =2
26. The diagram represents the emission spectrum of hydrogen. Groups of arrows are labelled W, X and Y.

Which statement is correct?

A. The arrows represent the transition of electrons to different energy levels when heat is supplied.

B. The arrows of W represent emission in the UV region.

C. The smallest arrow of X represents a violet line in the emission spectrum.

D. The arrows of Y represent emission of electromagnetic waves with higher energy than those represented by
X and W.

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27. Which species have the same electron arrangements?

I. O2–, F–, Ne

II. Li+, Na+, K+

III. S2–, Ar, K+

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

28. Some possible electron transitions in a hydrogen atom are shown below. Which letter represents the electron
transition with the highest energy in the emission spectrum?

29. Ultraviolet radiation has a shorter wavelength than infrared radiation. How does the frequency and energy of
ultraviolet radiation compare with infrared radiation?

30. What is the total number of valence electrons in CH3COO−?

A. 16

B. 22

C. 23

D. 24

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31. What is the definition of the term first ionization energy?

A. The energy released when one mole of electrons is removed from one mole of gaseous atoms.

B. The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.

C. The energy released when one mole of gaseous atoms gains one mole of electrons.

D. The energy required to add one mole of electrons to one mole of gaseous atoms.

32. Which statement is correct for the ion 49 Be2+ ?

A. The ion contains 15 subatomic particles in the nucleus.

B. The ion contains more protons than neutrons in the nucleus.

C. The ion has an electron arrangement of 2,2.

D. Most of the total volume of the ion is empty space.

33. Which electron configuration is correct for the selenide ion, Se2−?

A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4d10 4p4

B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4d10 4p6

C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4

D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6

34. Which is correct for the line emission spectrum for hydrogen?

A. Line M has a higher energy than line N.

B. Line N has a lower frequency than line M.

C. Line M has a longer wavelength than line N.

D. Lines converge at lower energy.

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35. What is the condensed electron configuration of the Fe2+ ion?

A. [Ar]3d6

B. [Ar]3d44s2

C. [Ar]3d54s1

D. [Ar]3d64s2

36. In which set do all the species contain more electrons than neutrons?

A. 14N, 16O, 11C

B. 14N, 16O, 11C4–

C. 14N3–, 16O2–, 11C

D. 14N3–, 16O2–, 11C4+

37. Which electron transition in the hydrogen atom emission spectrum emits radiation with the longest
wavelength?

A. n = 2 → n = 1

B. n = 1 → n = 2

C. n = 4 → n = 1

D. n = 3 → n = 2

38. The full electron configuration of an element is:

1s2 2s22p63s23p2

To which group and period does the element belong?

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39. Which electron transition emits radiation of the longest wavelength?

40. Which is the electron configuration of a chromium atom in the ground state?

A. [Ne]3s2 3p6 4s1 3d4

B. [Ar]3d3

C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4

D. [Ar]4s1 3d5

41. Which are correct statements about the emission spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region?

I. The red line has a lower energy than the blue line.

II. The lines converge at longer wavelength.

III. The frequency of the blue line is greater than the frequency of the red line.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

42. Which electron transition emits energy of the longest wavelength?

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43. Which statements are correct for the emission spectrum of hydrogen?

I. The lines converge at higher frequencies.

II. Electron transitions to n = 2 are responsible for lines in the visible region.

III. Lines are produced when electrons move from lower to higher energy levels.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

44. What is the ground state electron configuration of an atom of chromium, Cr (Z = 24)?

A. [Ar]3d6

B. [Ar]4s23d4

C. [Ar]4s13d5

D. [Ar]4s24p4

45. Which transition in the hydrogen atom emits visible light?

A. n = 1 to n = 2

B. n = 2 to n = 3

C. n = 2 to n = 1

D. n = 3 to n = 2

46. Which of the following would have the same numerical value for all elements in the same period?

A. Highest energy levels occupied

B. Energy sub-levels occupied

C. Orbitals occupied

D. Valence electrons

47. Which represents the shape of an s atomic orbital?

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Structure 1.4—Counting particles by mass: The mole
1. Which sample has the greatest mass?

A. 1.0 mol of N2H4

B. 2.0 mol of N2

C. 3.0 mol of NH3

D. 25.0 mol of H2

2. A compound contains 24 % magnesium, 28 % silicon and 48 % oxygen by mass. What is its empirical

formula?

A. MgSiO

B. Mg2SiO

C. MgSi20

D. MgSiO3

3. What is the mass in grams of one molecule of propanol, C3H7OH?

(Avogadro’s constant 6.0 x1023 mol-1)

A. 60

B. 1.0x10-22

C. 1.0 x10-23

D. 3.6x1025

4. Hydrogen sulfide, H2S, reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide and water as shown below:

2H2S +__O2 → _SO2 +_H2O

What is the whole number coefficient for oxygen when this equation is balanced?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 6

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5. Chloroethene, C2H3Cl, reacts with oxygen according to the equation below:

2C2H3Cl +5O2 → 4CO2 + 2H2O + 2HCl

How many moles of CO2 are produced when 3.0 mol of C2H3Cl and 3.0 mol of O2 are reacted?

A. 2.4

B. 3.0

C. 4.0

D. 6.0

6. What is the empirical formula for a compound with the molecular formula C6H3(N02)3?

A. CHNO

B. C2HNO2

C. (C2HNO2)3

D. C6H3N3O6

7. How many moles of CH4 are needed to obtain 6.0 x 1023 hydrogen atoms?

1
A.
4

B. 1

C. 2

D. 4

8. Arsenic, As4, reacts with oxygen to produce the oxide As4O10 .

What is the sum of the coefficients for the reactants in the balanced equation?

___As4+___O2 → As4O8

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

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9. What is the minimum number of grams of O2 ( MR = 32) required to burn 1.6 grams of CH4( MR=16) according to
the equation below?

CH4+ 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

A. 1.6

B. 3.2

C. 6.4

D. 32

10. How many moles of HCl are in 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid?

A. 0.005

B. 0.008

C. 5

D. 8

11. How many molecules are there in 180 g of H2O?

A. 6.0 1022

B. 6.0 1023

C. 6.0 1022

D. 6.0 1025

12. Which of the following compounds has the greatest empirical formula mass?

A. C6H6

B. C4H10

C. C3H6

D. C2H6

13. CaCO3 (s) → CaO(s) + CO 2 (g)

When heated, CaCO3 (Mr = 100) decomposes as shown above. When 20 g of impure CaCO3 is heated, 0.15
moles of CO2 are obtained. What is the percentage purity of the CaCO3?
(Assume that none of the impurities produce CO2 upon heating.)

A. 15

B. 25

C. 55

D. 75

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14. v C2H3 Cl(g) + w O2(g) → x CO2(g)+ y H2O(g) +z HCl(g)
Chloroethene can be burned in oxygen as shown above. What is the value of w when v = 2?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

15. What volume (in ) of 0.200 moldm-3 NaOH is required to neutralise 20.0 cm-3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 H2SO4 ?

A. 5.0

B. 10.0

C. 20.0

D. 40.0

16. The mass (in grams) of one molecule of water is

A. 3.0 x 10-23

B. 1.8 x 10-22

C. 3.0

D. 18.0

17. The formula for molybdenum (III) sulfate is

A. MoSO4

B. Mo(SO4)3

C. Mo3(SO4)2

D. Mo2(SO4)3

18. w C4H9OH+ x O2 → y CO2 + z H2O

When this equation is balanced correctly, the coefficient, x, for is O2

A. 6

B. 9

C.13/2

D. 13

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19. H2 +Cl2 → 2HCl

Hydrogen and chlorine react according to the equation above. What will be the result of the reaction of 2.0
moles H2 of and 1.5 moles of Cl2?

A. 3.5 mol of HCl

B. 1.5 mol of HCl and 0.5 mol of H2

C. 2.0 mol of HCl and 0.5 mol of Cl2

D. 3.0 mol of HCl and 0.5 mol of H2

20. 25.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid solution reacts with 36.2 cm3 of 0.225 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide solution.
The concentration of the acid is

36.25 x0.225
A.
25.0

2 x36.25 x0.225
B.
25.0

36.25 x0.225
C.
2 x25.0

25.0
D.
2 x36.2 x0.225
21. The number of moles in 500 g of water is approximately:

A. 28

B. 9000

C. 1×1025

D. 3×1026
22. What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 85.7 % by mass of carbon and 14.3 % by mass of
hydrogen?

A. CH

B. CH2

C. CH4

D. C2H5

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23. One stage in the manufacture of nitric acid is the oxidation of ammonia as shown below:

4NH3 + __ O2 → __ NO __ H2O

What is the coefficient for O2when the equation is balanced?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

24. In the decomposition of KClO3, 6.30 mol of oxygen was produced:

2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2

How many moles of KCl would be produced?

A. 4.20

B. 6.30

C. 12.6

D. 18.9

25. 10.0 cm3of 0.200 moldm−3 HNO3 (aq) are converted into NaNO3(aq). What volume (in cm3) of 0.100 moldm−3
NaOH(aq) is needed for this?

A. 5.0

B. 10.0

C. 20.0

D. 30.0

26. PbS (s) + O2 (g) → PbO(s) + SO2 (g)

The reaction of lead(II) sulfide with oxygen is represented by the unbalanced equation above.
What is the sum of the coefficients in the balanced equation?

A. 4

B. 5

C. 8

D. 9

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27. 8.0g of a pure compound contains 3.2 g of sulfur and 4.8 g of oxygen. What is its empirical formula?

A. SO

B. SO2

C. SO3

D. S2O3

28. How many carbon atoms are present in 0.10 mol of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH ?

A. 6.0×1022

B. 1.2 ×1023

C. 6.0× 1023

D. 1.2 ×1024

29. Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s)

Powdered zinc reacts with Cu2+ ions according to the equation above. What will be the result of adding 3.25 g
of Zn to 100 cm3 of 0.25 moldm−3 CuSO4 solution?

A. All the Cu2+ ions react and some solid zinc remains.

B. All the Cu2+ ions react and no solid zinc remains.

C. All the solid zinc reacts and Cu2+ ions remain.

D. Neither solid zinc nor Cu2+ ions remain.

30. Which sample contains the greatest number of ions?

A. 25 cm3 of 0.40 moldm−3 NaCl

B. 50 cm3 of 0.20 moldm−3 MgCl2

C. 100 cm3 of 0.10 3 moldm−3KNO3

D. 200 cm3 of 0.05 3 moldm−3 CuSO4

31. A compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen has the following percentage by mass:
carbon 60 %, hydrogen 8 %, oxygen 32 %. What is a possible molecular formula?

A. C5H8O2

B. C5H4O

C. C6HO3

D. C7HO4

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32. Which sample contains the smallest amount of oxygen?

A. 0.3 mol H2SO4

B. 0.6 mol O3

C. 0.7 mol HCOOH

D. 0.8 mol H2O

33. When the equation C4H10 + O2 → CO2 +H2O is balanced correctly, what is the coefficient for O2?
A. 9

B. 13

C. 18

D. 24
34. 6.4 g of copper wire is added to 0.10 dm-3of 1.0 moldm-3 aqueous AgNO3 to form metallic silver and aqueous
copper(II) nitrate. When the reaction is complete

A. excess copper wire remains.

B. all the copper wire dissolves and some silver ions are left in solution.

C. all the copper wire dissolves and no silver ions are left in solution.

D. the mass of metallic silver formed is equal to the mass of copper wire that react
35. 2.02 g KNO3 (Mr =101) of is dissolved in sufficient water to prepare 0.500 dm3 of solution.
What is the concentration of this solution in moldm−3?

A. 0.02

B. 0.04

C. 0.10

D. 0.20
36. How many molecules are present in a drop of water of mass 9.00×10-2 g ?

A. 3.01×1021

B. 3.01×1022

C. 9.75×1023

D. 26

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37. What amount of H2(g) is produced when 12 g of magnesium reacts completely with dilute HCl(aq)?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

1
A. mol
4

1
B. mol
2

C. 1 mol

D. 2 mol
38. What amount (in moles) of FeS2(s) are required to produce 64 g SO2(g) of according to the following equation?
4FeS2(s) + 11O2 (g) → 2Fe2O3 (s) + 8SO2(g)

A. 0.40

B. 0.50

C. 1.0

D. 2.0

39. An oxide of metal M contains 40 % by mass of oxygen. The metal has a relative atomic mass of 24.
What is the empirical formula of the oxide?

A. M2O3

B. M2O

C. MO2

D. MO

40. 25.00 cm3 of 2.00 moldm-3 HNO3 (aq) reacts completely with 20.0 cm3 of Ba(OH)2(aq).
What is the concentration of barium hydroxide solution?

A. 0.800 mol dm−3

B. 1.25 mol dm−3

C. 2.00 mol dm−3

D. 2.50 mol dm−3

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41. What amount of oxygen, O2, (in moles) contains 1.8 ×1022 molecules?

A. 0.0030

B. 0.030

C. 0.30

D. 3.0

42. Which compound has the empirical formula with the greatest mass?

A. C2H6

B. C4H10

C. C5H10

D. C6H6

43. __ CH4 (g) + __ O2(g) → __ CO (g) + __ H2O(g)

When the equation above is balanced, what is the coefficient for oxygen?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

44. 3.0dm3 sulfur dioxide is reacted with 2.0 dm3 of oxygen according to the equation below.
2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)

What volume of sulfur trioxide (in is formed? (Assume the reaction goes to completion and all gases are
measured at the same temperature and pressure.)

A. 5.0

B. 4.0

C. 3.0

D. 2.0

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45. What amount (in moles) is present in 2.0 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH?

A. 0.050

B. 0.10

C. 20

D. 80

46. A hydrocarbon contains 90 % by mass of carbon. What is its empirical formula?

A. CH2

B. C3H4

C. C7H10

D. C9H10

47. Copper can react with nitric acid as follows.

3Cu + __HNO3 → __Cu(NO3)2+ __H2O +__ NO

What is the coefficient for when the equation is balanced? HNO3

A. 4

B. 6

C. 8

D. 10

48. Lithium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide as follows.

2LiOH + CO2 → Li2CO3 + H2O

What mass (in grams) of lithium hydroxide is needed to react with 11 g of carbon dioxide?

A. 6

B. 12

C. 24

D. 48

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49. How many hydrogen atoms are contained in one mole of ethanol, C2H5OH ?

A. 5

B. 6

C. 1.0 ×1023

D. 3.6×1024

50. The percentage by mass of the elements in a compound is

C =72 %, H= 12 %, O =16 %
What is the mole ratio of C : H in the empirical formula of this compound?

A. 1 : 1

B. 1 : 2

C. 1 : 6

D. 6 : 1

51. What is the coefficient for when the equation below is balanced?
__C3H8(g) + __O2(g) → __CO2(g) + __H2O(g)

A. 2

B. 3

C. 5

D. 7

52. What amount of NaCl (in moles) is required to prepare 250 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm−3 solution?

A. 50.0

B. 1.25

C. 0.800

D. 0.0500

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53. Which of the following contains the greatest number of molecules?

A. 1 g of CH3Cl

B. 1 g of CH2Cl2

C. 1 g of CHCl3

D. 1 g of CCl4

54. Which of the following compounds has/have the empirical formula CH2O?

I. CH3COOH

II. C6H12O6

III. C12H22O11

A. II only

B. III only

C. I and II only

D. II and III only

55. Consider the equation below.

Fe(s) +S(s) → FeS(s)
If 10.0 g of iron is heated with 10.0 g of sulfur to form iron(II) sulfide, what is the theoretical yield of FeS in
grams?

A. 10.0 + 10.0

87.91x10.0
B.
55.85

87.91x10.0
C.
32.06

55.85 x10.0
D.
32.06

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56. Which is a correct definition of the term empirical formula?

A. formula showing the numbers of atoms present in a compound

B. formula showing the numbers of elements present in a compound

C. formula showing the actual numbers of atoms of each element in a compound

D. formula showing the simplest ratio of numbers of atoms of each element in a compound

57. The reaction of ethanal and oxygen can be represented by the unbalanced equation below.
__ CH3CHO + __ O2 → __ CO2 + __ H2O
When the equation is balanced using the smallest possible integers, what is the coefficient for O2?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

58. The equation for the complete combustion of butane is

2C4H10 + 13O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O
What is the amount (in mol) of carbon dioxide formed by the complete combustion of three moles of butane?

A. 4

B. 8

C. 12

D. 24

59. Which solution contains the greatest amount (in mol) of solute?

A. 10.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm-3 NaCl

B. 20.0 cm3 of 0.400 mol dm-3 NaCl

C. 30.0 cm3 of 0.300 mol dm-3 NaCl

D. 40.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 NaCl

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60. The complete oxidation of propane produces carbon dioxide and water as shown below.
C3H8 + __ O2 → __ CO2 + __ H2O
What is the total of the coefficients for the products in the balanced equation for 1 mole of propane?

A. 6

B. 7

C. 12

D. 13

61. The relative molecular mass Mr of a compound is 60. Which formulas are possible for this compound?

I. CH3CH2CH2NH2

II. CH3CH2CH2OH

III. CH3CH(OH)CH3

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

62. Which sample has the least number of atoms?

A. 1 mol of H2SO4

B. 1 mol of CH3COOH

C. 2 mol of H2O2

D. 2 mol of NH3

63. Avogadro’s constant has the same value as the number of

A. molecules in 1 mol of solid iodine.

B. atoms in 1 mol of chlorine gas.

C. ions in 1 mol of solid potassium bromide.

D. protons in 1 mol of helium gas.

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64. Which contains the same number of ions as the value of Avogadro’s constant?

A. 0.5 mol NaCl

B. 0.5 mol MgCl2

C. 1.0 mol Na2O

D. 1.0 mol MgO

65. A reaction occurring in the extraction of lead from its ore can be represented by this unbalanced equation:
__ PbS + __O2 → __ PbO + __SO2
When the equation is balanced using the smallest possible whole numbers, what is the coefficient for O 2?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

66. The equation for a reaction occurring in the synthesis of methanol is

CO2 +3H2 → CH3OH + H2O
What is the maximum amount of methanol that can be formed from 2 mol of carbon dioxide and 3 mol of
hydrogen?

A. 1 mol

B. 2 mol

C. 3 mol

D. 5 mol

67. Which solution contains 0.1 mol of sodium hydroxide?

A. 1 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH

B. 10cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH

C. 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 NaOH

D. 1000 cm3 of1.0 mol dm-3 NaOH

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68. The empirical formula of a compound is C2H4O. Which molecular formulas are possible for this compound?

I. CH3COOH

II. CH3CH2CH2COOH

III. CH3COOCH C2H3

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

69. Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating as shown below.

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
When 50 g of calcium carbonate are decomposed, 7g of calcium oxide are formed. What is the percentage
yield of calcium oxide?

A. 7 %

B. 25 %

C. 50 %

D. 75 %

70. Sodium reacts with water as shown below.

__ Na + __ H2O → __ NaOH + __ H2
What is the total of all the coefficients when the equation is balanced using the smallest possible whole
numbers?

A. 3

B. 4

C. 6

D. 7

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71. Methane, CH4, burns in oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water. How many moles of carbon dioxide will
be formed from 8.0 g of methane?

A. 0.25

B. 0.50

C. 1.0

D. 2.0

72. What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 50 % by mass of element X (Ar) = 20 and 50 % by
mass of element Y (Ar) = 25 ?

A. XY

B. X3Y2

C. X4Y5

D. X5Y4

73. What is the total number of ions present in the formula, Al2(SO4)3?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 5

D. 6

74. Assuming complete reaction, what volume of 0.200 mol dm−3 potassium hydroxide solution (KOH(aq)) , is
required to neutralize 25.0cm3 of 0.200 mol dm−3 aqueous sulfuric acid, (H2SO4(aq)) ?

A. 12.5 cm3

B. 25.0 cm3

C. 50.0 cm3

D. 75.0 cm3

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75. Consider the following reaction.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
If the reaction is made to go to completion, what volume of ammonia (in dm3) can be prepared from 25 dm3 of
nitrogen and 60 dm3 of hydrogen? All volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.

A. 40

B. 50

C. 85

D. 120

76. Which expression gives the amount (in mol) of a substance, if the mass is given in grams?

mass
A.
molar mass

molar mass
B.
mass

1
C.
molar mass

D. mass × molar mass

77. What is the total number of atoms in 0.20 mol of propanone, CH3COCH ?

a. 1.2×1022

b. 6.0×1023

C. 1.2×1024

D. 6.0×1024

78. When the equation below is balanced for 1 mol of C3H4, what is the coefficient for O2?

C3H4 + _O2 → _CO2 + H2O

a. 2

b. 3

C. 4

D. 5

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79. Ethyne, C2H2, reacts with oxygen according to the equation below.
What volume of oxygen (in dm3) reacts with 0.40 dm3 of C2H2?
2C2H2(g)+5O2(g) → 4CO2(g)+2H2O(g)

a. 0.40

b. 0.80

C. 1.0

D. 2.0

80. How many molecules are present in a 9.0 g sample of water?

A. 0.5

B. 1.0

C. 6.0×1023

D. 3.0× 1023

81. What volume of carbon dioxide is formed when 8g of methane burns completely at room temperature and
pressure? (1 mole of a gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.)
CH4(g)+ 2O2(g) → CO2 (g)+ 2H2O(l)

A. 8 dm3

B. 12 dm3

C. 16 dm3

D. 24 dm3

82. 28 g of metal M reacted with 8g of oxygen to form an oxide with the formula MO. What is the relative atomic
mass of M?

A.14

B. 28

C. 56

D. 112

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83. What is the maximum mass of iron that can be produced from the reduction of 80 tonnes of iron(III) oxide
(Mr) =160 , based on this equation?
Fe2O3 + CO → Fe + CO2

A. 28 tonnes

B. 56 tonnes

C. 84 tonnes

D. 112 tonnes

84. Bromine exists as the isotopes 79Br and 81Br. What is the percentage of 79Br in a sample with a relative atomic
mass of 79.9?

A. 40%

B. 45%

C. 50%

D. 55%

85. Analytical chemists can detect amounts of amino acids as small as 2.0 × 10–21 mol of molecules.
How many molecules does this represent?

A. 2.0 × 10–21

B. 1.2 × 103

C. 6.0 × 1023

D. 3.0 × 1044

86. One stage in the manufacture of nitric acid is the oxidation of ammonia:
__NH3(g) + __O2(g) → __NO(g) + __H2O(l)
When the equation is balanced using the smallest possible whole numbers, what is the coefficient for NH 3?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

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87. What amount of solute ions, in moles, is present in 50 cm3 of 0.10 moldm–3 sodium hydroxide solution?

A. 2.5 × 10–3

B. 5.0 × 10–3

C. 1.0 × 10–2

D. 5.0 × 10–2

88. Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces 0.44 g of CO2 and 0.18 g of H2O.
What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?

A. CH

B. CH2

C. CH3

D. CH4

89. The molar mass of a compound is approximately 56 g mol–1.Which formula is possible for this compound?

A. NaNO3

B. AgOH

C. MgO

D. KOH
90. Which compound has the empirical formula with the largest mass?

A. C2H6

B. C2H4

C. C2H2

D. C3H6
91. What is the coefficient for O2(g) when the equation for the combustion of 1 mole of pentane is balanced?
C5H12(g) + _O2(g) → _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)

A. 5

B. 6

C. 8

D. 16

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92. What is the maximum mass, in g, of magnesium oxide that can be obtained from the reaction of oxygen with
2.4 g of magnesium?

A. 2.4

B. 3.0

C. 4.0

D. 5.6

93. 5dm3 of carbon monoxide, CO(g), and 2dm3 of oxygen,O2(g), at the same temperature and pressure are mixed
together. Assuming complete reaction according to the equation given, what is the maximum volume of
carbon dioxide, CO2(g), in dm3,that can be formed?
2 CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2 (g)

A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 7

94. Which statement about solutions is correct?

A. When vitamin D dissolves in fat, vitamin D is the solvent and fat is the solute.

B. In a solution of NaCl in water, NaCl is the solute and water is the solvent.

C. An aqueous solution consists of water dissolved in a solute.

D. The concentration of a solution is the amount of solvent dissolved in 1 dm3 of solution.

95. Which non-metal forms an oxide XO2 with a relative molecular mass of 60?

A. C

B. N

C. Si

D. S
96. 4.00 mol of a hydrocarbon with an empirical formula of CH2 has a mass of 280 g. What is the molecular
formula of this compound?

A. C2H4

B. C3H6

C. C4H8

D. C5H10

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97. What will be the concentration of sulfate ions in mol dm–3 when 0.20 mol of KAl(SO4)2 is dissolved in water to
give 100 cm3 of aqueous solution?

A. 0.2

B. 1.0

C. 2.0

D. 4.0
98. Which amount of the following compounds contains the least number of ions?

A. 2 mol of NaOH

B. 1 mol of NH4Cl

C. 2 mol of CaCl2

D. 1 mol of Al2O3
99. What is the approximate molar mass, in g mol–1, of MgSO4 .7H2O ?

A. 120

B. 130

C. 138

D. 246
100. Which is both an empirical and a molecular formula?

A. C5H12

B. C5H10

C. C4H8

D. C4H10
101. What is the coefficient of Fe3O4 when the following equation is balanced using the lowest whole numbers?
__ Al(s) + __ Fe3O4 (s) → __ Al2O3 (s) + __ Fe(s)

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

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102. What is the mass, in g, of one molecule of ethane, C2H6?

A.3.0× 1023

B. 5.0× 1023

C. 30

D. 1.8× 1025
103. Which molecular formula is also an empirical formula?

A. PCl3

B. C2H4

C. H2O2

D. C6H12O6

104. What is the total number of nitrogen atoms in two mol of NH4NO3?

A. 4

B. 6.02× 1023

C. 1.20× 1024

D. 2.41× 1024

105. On analysis, a compound with molar mass 60 g mol–1 was found to contain 12 g of carbon, 2g of hydrogen
and 16 g of oxygen. What is the molecular formula of the compound?

A. CH2O

B. CH4O

C. C2H4O

D. C2H4O2

106. Equal masses of the metals Na, Mg, Ca and Ag are added to separate samples of excess HCl(aq).
Which metal produces the greatest total volume of H2(g)?

A. Na

B. Mg

C. Ca

D. Ag

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107. 8.5 g of NH3 are dissolved in H2O to prepare a 500 cm3 solution. Which statements are correct?

I. NH3 is the solute and H2O is the solution

II. The concentration of the solution is 17 gdm–3

III. [NH3] =10 mol dm-3

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

108. What is the sum of all coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the smallest possible
whole numbers?
__C2H2 + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O

A. 5

B. 7

C. 11

D. 13

109. 1.7 g of NaNO3(Mr = 85) is dissolved in water to prepare 0.20 dm3 of solution. What is the concentration of
the resulting solution in mol dm–3?

A. 0.01

B. 0.1

C. 0.2

D. 1.0

110. How many molecules are present in a drop of ethanol, C2H5OH, of mass 2.3 ×10−3g?
(L = 6.0×1023 mol–1)

A. 3.0×1019

B. 3.0×1020

C. 6.0×1020

D. 6.0×1026

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111. Which sample has the greatest mass?

A. 1 mol of SO2

B. 2 mol of N2O

C. 2 mol of Ar

D. 4 mol of NH3

112. The relative molecular mass of a gas is 56 and its empirical formula is CH2.
What is the molecular formula of the gas?

A. CH2

B. C2H4

C. C3H6

D. C4H8

113. Which statement about the numbers of protons, electrons and neutrons in an atom is always correct?

A. The number of neutrons minus the number of electrons is zero.

B. The number of protons plus the number of neutrons equals the number of electrons.

C. The number of protons equals the number of electrons.

D. The number of neutrons equals the number of protons.

114. How many oxygen atoms are in 0.100 mol of CuSO4•5H2O?

A. 5.42× 1022

B. 6.02× 1022

C. 2.41× 1023

D. 5.42× 1023

115. What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using whole numbers?
___ Fe2O3 (s) + ___ CO (g) → ___ Fe (s) ___ CO2(g)

A. 5

B. 6

C. 8

D. 9

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116. What is the amount, in moles, of sulfate ions in 100 cm3 of 0.020 moldm–3 FeSO4 (aq) ?

A. 2.0×10−3

B. 2.0× 10−2

C. 2.0× 10−1

D. 2.0

117. How many atoms of hydrogen are in 0.500 mol of CH3OH molecules?

A. 1.20×1023

B. 3.01×1023

C. 6.02×1023

D. 24

118. 1 mol of a hydrocarbon with general formula CnH2n+2 reacts completely with oxygen to produce 4 mol of H2O.
What is the amount of oxygen molecules, in mol, that reacts?

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

119. 10 cm3 of a solution of 1.0 mol dm–3 NaOH(aq) is diluted with water until the final volume is 100 cm3.
What is the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the new solution?

A. 0.10

B. 1.0

C. 10.0

D. 0.01

120. What is the number of ions in 0.20 mol of (NH4)3PO4?

A. 8.0×10−1

B. 1.2×1023

C. 4.8× 1023

D. 24

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121. What is the molar mass, in g mol–1, of washing soda crystals, Na2CO3•10H2O?

A. 105.99

B. 124.00

C. 263.15

D. 286.19

122. The equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide is:

Fe2O3(s)+ 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
What mass of carbon dioxide, in g, is produced by the complete reduction of 80 g of iron(III) oxide?

A. 44

B. 66

C. 88

D. 132

123. 3.0 dm3 of ethyne, C2H2, is mixed with 3.0 dm3 of hydrogen and ignited. The equation for the reaction that
occurs is shown below.
C2H2(g)+ 2H2(g) → C2H6(g)
Assuming the reaction goes to completion and all gas volumes are measured at the same temperature and
pressure, what volume of ethane, C2H6 ,in dm3, is formed?

A. 1.5

B. 2.0

C. 3.0

D. 6.0

124. Which statements are correct about Avogadro’s constant?

I. It is the number of ions in 12g of sodium hydride, NaH.

II. It is the number of molecules in 22.4dm3 of hydrogen gas at 0°C and 1 atm.

III. It is the number of atoms in 12g of 12C.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

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125. What is the molar mass, in gmol–1, of a substance if 0.30 mol of the substance has a mass of 18g?

A. 5.4

B. 6.0

C. 30

D. 60

126. What is the whole number ratio of the coefficients of ammonia to oxygen when the following equation is
balanced correctly?
___ NH3(g) + ___ O2(g) → ___ NO(g) + ___ H2O (l)

A. 1 : 2

B. 2 : 1

C. 4 : 5

D. 5 : 4

127. When 50 cm3 of a hydrocarbon, CxHy, was burned in excess oxygen, 200 cm3 of carbon dioxide and 250cm3
of steam were produced (all volumes were measured under the same conditions). What is the molecular
formula of the hydrocarbon?

A. C2H4

B. C3H8

C. C4H8

D. C4H10

128. What is the total number of oxygen atoms in 0.200mol of glucose, C6H12O6 ?

A. 1.20

B. 6.00

C. 1.20×1023

D. 7.22×1023

129. Which represents an empirical formula?

A. C2H4

B. B2H6

C. Al2O3

D. C6H6

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130. What are the coefficients of H2SO4 (aq) and H3PO4 (aq) when the following equation is balanced using the
smallest possible whole numbers?
___ Ca3(PO4)2(s) + ___ H2SO4(aq) → ___ CaSO4(s) + ___ H3PO4(aq)

131. 7.102 g of 1 Na2SO4( 142.04 gmol-1) is dissolved in water to prepare 0.5000 dm3 of solution.
What is the concentration of Na 2SO4 in moldm–3?

A. 2.500×10–2

B. 1.000×10–1

C. 1.000×10

D. 1.000×102
132. How many atoms are present in 0.500mol of NH3?

A. 1.20 ×1023

B. 3.01 ×1023

C. 6.02 ×1023

D. 1.20 ×1024

133. The structural formula of a dioxin is shown below.

What is its empirical formula?

A. C6O

B. C6H4O

C. C6H6O

D. C12H8O2

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134. 100.0 cm3 of a 0.50mol dm–3 solution of BaCl2 is added to 50.0cm3 of a 0.10moldm–3 solution of Na2SO4.
A precipitate of BaSO4 is formed according to the equation below.
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
What is the amount, in mol, of BaSO4 produced?

A. 0.0050

B. 0.010

C. 0.050

D. 0.10

135. What is the mass, in g, of one mole of hydrated copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4•5H2O, given the following relative
atomic mass values?

A. 160

B. 178

C. 186

D. 250

136. An excess of calcium carbonate is added to a solution containing 0.10mol of HCl(aq).

What mass of calcium carbonate reacts, and what mass of carbon dioxide is formed?
Mass of one mole of CaCO3= 100g
Mass of one mole of CO2= 44g
CaCO3(s) +2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

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137. For which compounds is the empirical formula the same as the molecular formula?

I. Methane

II. Ethene

III. Ethanol

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

138. 0.040mol of (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2•6H2O is dissolved in water to give 200 cm3 of aqueous solution.
What is the concentration, in mol dm–3, of ammonium ions?

A. 0.00040

B. 0.0080

C. 0.20

D. 0.40

139. When sodium bromate(V), NaBrO3, is heated, it reacts according to the equation below.
2NaBrO3 (s) → 2NaBr(s) + 3O2 (g)
What amount, in mol, of NaBrO3 produces 2.4 dm3 of oxygen gas, measured at room temperature and
pressure? (Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3mol–1 at room temperature and pressure.)

A. 0.017

B. 0.067

C. 0.10

D. 0.15

140. Aluminium carbide reacts with water according to the equation below.
What is the sum of all the coefficients when the equation is balanced?
___Al4C3 (s) + ___H2O(l) → ___ Al(OH)3(s) + ___CH4 (g)

A. 13

B. 14

C. 19

D. 20

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141. Combustion of ethanol takes place according to the following unbalanced equation.
___ C2H5OH(l) + ___ O2(g) → ___ CO2 (g) + ___ H2O(l)
What is the mole ratio of ethanol to oxygen in the balanced equation?

A. 1:1

B. 2:1

C. 1:3

D. 2:7

142. Which sample contains the largest amount, in mol, of oxygen atoms?

A. 0.20mol P2O5

B. 0.30mol O3

C. 0.40mol CH3COOH

D. 0.80mol H2O

143. Which compound has the highest percentage of carbon by mass?

A. CH4

B. C2H4

C. C4H10

D. C6H6

144. Which solution contains the biggest amount, in mol, of chloride ions?

A. 20cm3 of 0.50moldm−3 NH4Cl

B. 60cm3 of 0.20moldm−3 MgCl2

C. 70cm3 of 0.30moldm−3 NaCl

D. 100cm3 of 0.30moldm−3 ClCH2COOH

145. What is the total number of protons and electrons in one mole of hydrogen gas?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 1.2 × 1024

D. 2.4 × 1024

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146. A hydrocarbon contains 85.7% carbon by mass. What is the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon?

A. C2H3

B. CH2

C. C2H5

D. CH3

147. What is the sum of all coefficients for the combustion of one mole of propane?
___ C3H8(g) + ___ O2(g) → ___ CO2(g) + ___ H2O(l)

A. 8

B. 12

C. 13

D. 15

148. A gas with a molar mass (M) of 44gmol–1 occupies a volume of 2.00×103 cm3 at a pressure of 1.01×105 Pa and
a temperature of 25°C. Which expression is correct for the calculation of the mass of the gas, in g?
(R = 8.31JK–1mol–1)

44 x1.01x105 x 2.00 x10−3

A.
8.31x 298

44 x1.01x105 x 2.00 x103

B.
8.31x 25

1.01x105 x 2.00 x10−3

C.
44 x8.31x 298

44 x1.01x105 x 2.00 x103

D.
8.31x 298

149. What is the number of atoms of oxygen in 0.250mol of hydrated zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2 •6H2O?

A. 3.00

B. 12.0

C. 1.81×1024

D. 7.22×1024

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150. What is the mass, in g, of 0.500mol of 1,2-dibromoethane, CH2BrCH2Br? Ar (H) = 1; Ar (C) = 12; Ar (Br) = 80

A. 23.5

B. 47.0

C. 94.0

D. 188

151. The equation for the complete combustion of propene, C3H6, is shown below.
2C3H6 (g) + 9O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O(l)
Which mixture, when ignited, will lead to incomplete combustion and the formation of CO(g)?

A. 2dm3 of propene and 10dm3 of oxygen

B. 0.5dm3 of propene and 2.3dm3 of oxygen

C. 1dm3 of propene and 4dm3 of oxygen

D. 3dm3 of propene and 14dm3 of oxygen

152. What is the percentage yield when 1.1g of ethanal, CH3CHO, is obtained from 4.6g of ethanol, CH3CH2OH?
Mr(CH3CH2OH) = 46; Mr(CH3CHO) = 44
CH3CH2OH (l) + [O] → CH3CHO (l) + H2O (l)

1.1x 46 x100
A.
44 x 4.6

1.1x100
B.
4.6

4.6 x100 x 44
C.
1.1x 4.6

4.6 x1.1
D.
44 x 4.6

153. For which compound is the empirical formula the same as the molecular formula?
Ar (H) = 1; Ar (C) = 12; Ar (O) = 16

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154. In which mixture is NaOH the limiting reagent?

A. 0.20mol NaOH + 0.10mol H2SO4

B. 0.10mol NaOH + 0.10mol H2SO4

C. 0.20mol NaOH + 0.10mol HNO3

D. 0.10mol NaOH + 0.10mol HNO3

155. Which volume, in cm3, of 0.20moldm-3 NaOH(aq) is needed to neutralize 0.050mol of H2S(g)?
H2S(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2S(aq) + 2H2O(l)

A. 0.25

B. 0.50

C. 250

D. 500

156. The complete combustion of 15.0cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon X produces 60.0cm3 of carbon dioxide gas
and 75.0cm3 of water vapour. What is the molecular formula of X?
(All volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.)

A. C4H6

B. C4H8

C. C4H10

D. C6H10

157. 5.0mol of Fe2O3 (s) and 6.0mol of CO(g) react according to the equation below.
What is the limiting reactant and how many moles of the excess reactant remain unreacted?
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2 (g)

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158. Which compound has the greatest percentage by mass of nitrogen atoms?

A. N2H4

B. NH3

C. N2O4

D. NaNO3

159. 5.0cm3 of 2.00mol dm-3 sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3 (aq), was added to a volumetric flask and the
volume was made up to 500cm3 with water. What is the concentration, in moldm-3 , of the solution?

A. 0.0050

B. 0.0040

C. 0.020

D. 0.010

160. What is the expression for the volume of hydrogen gas, in dm3 , produced at STP when 0.30g of magnesium
reacts with excess hydrochloric acid solution?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Molar volume of an ideal gas at STP = 22.7dm3mol−1

0.30 x22.7
A.
2 x 24.31

0.30 x22.7
B.
24.31

0.30 x 24.31
C.
24.31

0.30 x22.7
D.
2 x24.31

161. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with whole numbers?
_C8H18 (g) + _O2 (g) → _CO(g) +_H2O(l)

A. 26.5

B. 30

C. 53

D. 61

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162. How many moles of oxygen atoms are there in 0.500mol of hydrated iron(II) ammonium sulfate,
(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2•6H2O(s)?

A. 4.00

B. 7.00

C. 8.00

D. 14.00

163. What is the maximum volume, in dm3, of CO2(g) produced when 1.00g of CaCO3 (s) reacts with 20.0cm3 of
2.00moldm-3 HCl(aq)?
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
Molar volume of gas = 22.7dm3mol-1; Mr (CaCO3) = 100.00

1 20.0 x 2.00
A. x x 22.7
2 1000

20.0 x2.00
B. x 22.7
1000

1.00 x
C. x 22.7
100.00

1.00 x
D. x 2 x 22.7
100.00

164. How many atoms of nitrogen are there in 0.50mol of (NH4)2CO3?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3.01 × 1023

D. 6.02 × 1023

165. What is the value of x when 32.2g of Na2SO4·xH2O are heated leaving 14.2g of anhydrous Na2SO4?
Mr (H2O) = 18; Mr (Na2SO4) = 142.
Na2SO4·xH2O(s) → Na2SO4(s) + xH2O(g)

A. 0.1

B. 1

C. 5

D. 10

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166. How many grams of sodium azide, NaN3, are needed to produce 68.1dm3 of N2 (g) at STP?
Molar volume at STP = 22.7dm3mol-1 ; Mr (NaN3) = 65.0
2NaN3(s) → 3N2(g) + 2Na(s)

A. 32.5

B. 65.0

C. 130.0

D. 195.0

167. What is the sum of the coefficients when the following equation is balanced using the smallest whole
numbers?
__C6H12O6(aq) → __C2H5OH(aq) + __CO2(g)

A. 4

B. 5

C. 9

D. 10

168. What is the molecular formula of a hydrocarbon containing 84.6% carbon by mass with a molar mass of
142.3g mol−1?

A. C20H44

B. C11H10

C. C10H22

D. C5H11

169. What is the percentage yield when 7g of ethene produces 6g of ethanol?

Mr (ethene) = 28 and Mr (ethanol) =46
C2H4(g) + H2O (g) → C2H5OH(g)

6 x7 x100
A.
28 x 46

6 x 46 x100
B.
28 x7

6 x 28
C.
7 x 46 x100

6 x 28 x100
D.
7 x 46

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170. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with the lowest whole number ratio?
__Na2S2O3 (aq) + __HCl (aq) → __S (s) + __SO2 (g) + __NaCl (aq) + __H2O (l)

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

D. 9

171. What is the number of atoms of oxygen in 2.0mol of hydrated sodium carbonate, Na 2CO3•10H2O?
Avogadro’s constant, L or NA : 6.02 × 1023mol-1

A. 6

B. 26

C. 3.6 × 1024

D. 1.6 × 1025

172. What is the volume, in cm3, of the final solution if 100cm3 of a solution containing 1.42g of sodium sulfate,
Na2SO4, is diluted to the concentration of 0.020moldm-3? Mr(Na2SO4) = 142

A. 50

B. 400

C. 500

D. 600

173. What is the percentage yield when 2.0g of ethene, C2H4, is formed from 5.0g of ethanol, C2H5OH?
Mr (ethene) = 28; Mr (ethanol) = 46

2.0 5.0
A. x x100
2.8 46

2.0 46
B. x x100
28 5.0

28 5.0
C. x x100
2.0 46

28 4.6
D. x 100
2.6 5.0

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174. How many moles of FeS2 are required to produce 32g of SO2? (Ar :S = 32, O = 16)
4FeS2(s) + 11O2 (g) → 2Fe2O3 (s) + 8SO2 (g)

A. 0.25

B. 0.50

C. 1.0

D. 2.0

175. An antacid tablet containing 0.50g of NaHCO3 (Mr = 84) is dissolved in water to give a volume of 250cm3 .
What is the concentration, in moldm−3, of HCO3 − in this solution?

250 x84
A.
0.50

0.50
B.
84 x 250

250 x84
C.
0.50

0.50
D.
84 x 250

176. What is the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon with 75% carbon and 25% hydrogen by mass?

A. C3H

B. CH2

C. C2H6

D. CH4

177. Which describes an atom of bismuth, Bi (Z = 83)?

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178. How many moles of magnesium hydroxide are produced with 0.50mol of ammonia?
Mg3N2 (s) + 6H2O(l) → 3Mg(OH)2(aq) + 2NH3 (aq)

A. 0.25

B. 0.33

C. 0.75

D. 1.5

179. What is the sum of the integer coefficients when propene undergoes complete combustion?
__C3H6(g) + __O2 (g) → __CO2 (g) + __H2O(l)

A. 11

B. 17

C. 21

D. 23

180. What is the concentration, in moldm−3, of 20.0g of NaOH (Mr = 40.0) in 500.0cm3?

A. 0.250

B. 0.500

C. 1.00

D. 4.00

181. 0.10mol of hydrochloric acid is mixed with 0.10mol of calcium carbonate.

2HCl(aq) + CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)

Which is correct?

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182. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with whole numbers?
__MnO2(s) + __HCl(aq) → __MnCl2 (aq) + __H2O(l) + __Cl2 (g)

A. 6

B. 7

C. 8

D. 9

183. Which contains the greatest number of moles of oxygen atoms?

A. 0.05mol Mg(NO3)2

B. 0.05mol C6H4(NO2)2

C. 0.1mol H2O

D. 0.1mol NO2

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Structure 1.5-Ideal gases
1. A cylinder of gas is at a pressure of 40 kPa. The volume and temperature (in K) are both doubled.
What is the pressure of the gas after these changes?

A. 10 kPa

B. 20 kPa

C. 40 kPa

D. 80 kPa

2. The volume of an ideal gas at 27.0°C is increased from 3.00 dm3 to 6.00 dm3 . At what temperature, in °C, will
the gas have the original pressure?

A. 13.5

B. 54.0

C. 327

D. 600

3. The graph below represents the relationship between two variables in a fixed amount of gas.

Which variables could be represented by each axis?

x axis y axis
A. pressure temperature
B. volume temperature
C. pressure volume
D. temperature volume

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4. Which of the following is consistent with Avogadro’s law?

A. P/T = constant (V, n constant)

B. V/T = constant (P, n constant)

C. Vn = constant (P, T constant)

D. V/n = constant (P, T constant)

5. 1.0 dm3 of an ideal gas at 100 kPa and 25°C is heated to 50°C at constant pressure.
What is the new volume in dm3?

A. 0.50

B. 0.90

C. 1.1

D. 2.0

6. Under which combination of conditions is 1 mol of an ideal gas present?

7. A fixed mass of an ideal gas at 27.0 °C and 1.01×105 Pa has a volume of 100 cm3.
Which change doubles the volume of the gas?

A. Heating the gas at constant pressure to 54.0 °C.

B. Heating the gas at constant pressure to 327 °C.

C. Increasing the pressure on the gas to 2.02 ×105 Pa at constant temperature.

D. Heating the gas to 54.0 °C and increasing the pressure to 2.02×105 Pa

8. What is the pressure, in Pa, in a 100 cm3 container containing 1.8 g of steam at a temperature of 727 °C?
(R = 8.31JK–1mol–1)
1.81x8.31x727
A.
18 x100
18 x100
B.
1.8 x8.31x727
1.8 x8.31x1000
C.
18 x10−4
1.8 x8.31
D.
18 x10−4 x1000

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9. What is the pressure, in Pa, if 3mol of gas occupies 500 cm3 at 25°C ?
Given: R = 8.31J K-1mol−1
10-3m3 = 10 cm3
3x8.31x 298
A.
500
3x8.31x 25
B.
0.0005
3x8.31x 25
C.
500
3x8.31x 298
D.
0.0005
10. Which volumes of gases at standard temperature and pressure have the same mass as 100cm3 of O2?

I. 50cm3 of SO2

II. 100 cm3 of CH4

III. 100 cm3 of SiH4

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
11. At which temperature, in K, assuming constant pressure, is the volume of a fixed mass of gas at 127 °C
doubled?

A. 200 K

B. 254 K

C. 400 K

D. 800 K
12. Why do gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures?

A. Molecules have finite volume.

B. Cohesive forces increase the volume from the ideal.

C. Increasing pressure increases the temperature of the gas.

D. Collisions between molecules occur more frequently as pressure increases.

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13. A gas with a molar mass (M) of 44gmol–1 occupies a volume of 2.00×103 cm3 at a pressure of 1.01×105 Pa and
a temperature of 25°C. Which expression is correct for the calculation of the mass of the gas, in g?
(R = 8.31JK–1mol–1)

44 x1.01x105 x 2.00 x10−3

A.
8.31x 298

44 x1.01x105 x 2.00 x10−3

B.
8.31x 25

1.01x105 x 2.00 x10−3

C.
44 x8.31x 25

44 x1.01x105 x 2.00 x103

D.
8.31x 25

14. Which factors affect the molar volume of an ideal gas?

I. Pressure

II. Temperature

III. Empirical formula

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

15. Which graph shows the relationship between the volume and pressure of a fixed mass of an ideal gas?

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16. The volume of a sample of gas measured at 27C is 10.0dm3.
What is the temperature when the volume is reduced to 9.0dm3 at the same pressure?

A. −3.0C

B. 24.3 C

C. 29.7C

D. 57.0C

17. 16g of bromine react with 5.2g of metal, M, to form MBr2. What is the relative atomic mass of the metal M?
(Ar :Br = 80)

A. 13

B. 26

C. 52

D. 104

18. Which graph would not show a linear relationship for a fixed mass of an ideal gas with all other variables
constant?

A. P against V

B. P against 1/V

C. P against T

D. V against T

19. What is the volume of gas when the pressure on 100cm3 of gas is changed from 400kPa to 200kPa at
constant temperature?

A. 50.0cm3

B. 100cm3

C. 200cm3

D. 800cm3

20. Which change will have the greatest effect on the pressure of a fixed mass of an ideal gas?

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21. The molar mass of an unknown gas is to be determined by weighing a sample. As well as its mass, which
of the following must be known?

I. Pressure

II. Temperature

III. Volume

A. I only

B. II only

C. I and II only

D. I, II and III

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