Traction vector Mg, Earlier we assumed a resultant force and a moment at the exposed oven of the cut body. New we look at the distribution of internal forces at the cut face f the body LT thie distribation of \ VLE internal forces ie a vsually not uniform and Gator “point fe point: F rR Obtaining the Aistibubon of internal resistance in a deformable body is very important in soli mechanics Te get this dichribubion , it is necessary to establish the concept of TRACTION £ STRESS Both these quontkes vory with the location of point in the body. Therefore, if one osks to find out the traction or stress in ao body, you must ask for the exact coordinate of the point in the bodydets consider a 3D body @ point P in the body Coerdinates of PX = fan xd To examine the internal forces at point Pin the interior of. the body, we cut the body into two halves by possing, a plane Yhrough pt P. There are infmitely many planes that pass through pt P Pw, X05) We consider o plane with normal vector n n possing through point P and cutting the body inte two halves fo plane normal La pot BEqual and opperite, pg. After cutting the bedy, if you look at the pat A of the part A body, it is brought under equilibrium by a distribution internal forces. The distribution of internal forces on part & must be equal 2 opposite according to Newton's 34 Naw Traction vector is defined as the intensity of the force ov force per unit area. with ubich pert B is polling or pushing port A AF n Traction vector Calsa called stress part A vector ) acting at point P mo plane with onit normal nis defied plane —~S normal TG) = lim FE AADG AA location in beadyBinge traction ic defined as force per nik area, total suaface Perce can be obtained from integration — [(re@ as mR 8 resultant rament orm force LF PEP fom 0 ro = SI Yolo x ICs) As s Forthermare, we note that the surface normal pointing out from part B has direction opposite to unit ermal n and hence is written os -n- Similarly, equal and opposite force must act on point P for part B > - AE AE port A -AF port B N57) = lim “BE BA70 KK We find that the trachons at the same point in too opposite direchons are related as:Remarks + Trachion vector has same units os pressure Ce.g. N/m?) + Trochon vector changes frown point te point in the body * “Veaetion vector depends upon the plane orientahon Er. i a 3 a 3 ul Traction oon ch = ‘A Uniform load P applied to a bar fixed at ome end Areas A e oO n ‘ @| “4 _P Crass) + “Fraction veckor need nat be just perpendicular or tangential to the surface, it can have beth components AR AP AFn port A Uohy is Waction important ? — \F bracken is greater than OQ threshold limit = the body will Pail — Probability & failure ic more along a plane on which there is more tractionStress at _o point det ve consider a Cartesian coordinate syskem