Korean War

“The forgotten war”

25 June 1950 - 27 July 1953
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea
Casualties: At least 2.5 million people died
+ Soviet Union, UN, USA and China

CLAIMANTS TO THE EFFECTS OF JAPAN

POWER Korea annexed to Japan since 1910
Divided into 2 Collapse of the Japanese empire in 1945
1. MARXIST Not have a native gov. Waiting to return the
REVOLUTIONARIES war ended.
Kim Il-sung 38th Parallel
Major in the soviet army August, 1945.
Fought the Japanese USA & USSR decided to divide the peninsula
<Chinese-dominated for administrative purposes
guerrilla armies
2. ULTRANATIONALIST DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Syngman Rhee
Inspiration from USA KIM IL-SUNG as the head
Europe and Japan. Supposed democratic socialism but it
Studied in USA was a dictatorship.

REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Pushed for a democracy in South Korea
July 1948 First elections - won with
92.6 of pop. Vote
Syngman Rhee US backed candidate

SHARED OBJECTIVE
Both administrations looked for reunite the
two halves of the peninsula under their
government.
Conflict inevitable.
 Korean War
“The forgotten war”
AS FOR THE USA
Forces evacuated late 49’ leaving the south defended by the Republic of Korea army
1950 10 combat divisions, only 1 was considered combat ready

RESPONSE OF THE US
IDEAS OF AN
INVASION Late response
Truman ordered MacArthur to give
Show of weakness on
munition to ROK - Use aircover to
side of the ROK
evacuate US citizens
Rapid invasion and
No declaration of war (big mistake) and
conquering
looked for the UN for a sanction
Excuse: righteous
response to a surprise UN Sec.Co. RESOLUTION 82
attack from the South (no
evidence)
25th of June 1950 Date: June 25th and 27th 1950
The war began at the :D The resolution passed at the Security
Council
predawn when heavily
:) Wait the invasion
armed and well-trained Withdraw
North Korean army Provided assistance
crossed the 38th parallel ._. The North Koreans gave a f**** about the
resolution

BATTLE OF PUSAN
AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 1950
KPA assault on the perimeter around Pusan - battle of attrition
Timely arrival of reinforcements

BATTLE OF INCHEON
MacArthur launched an invasion at the port of Incheon - the most heavy
missile zone
Chinese warned North Koreans to expect that
Americans gained control and cut the North Korean supply lines
 Korean War
“The forgotten war”
UNC RECOGNITION
The invasion of ROK was being defeated by American
forces and coalition of nations. International response

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

TABLES TURN
American and ROK forces CAPITALISTS NEAR US?! NO WAY
broke out of the Pusan Moved troops closer
Perimeter and chased the Almost 500,000 men at the Yalu river
retreating enemy north PYONGYANG WAS CAPTURED, 300,000
CHINESE CROSSED THE BORDER INTO
Sept 27 MacArthur KOREAN TERRITORY
receives permission to
pursue the enemy
USA Overconfidence
Oct 1 ROK forces crossed Indian diplomats warned Americans
the 38th parallel MISTAKES: Outgunned, Outmanned,
FALL OF PYONGYANG Outplanned
FIRST CHINESE OFFENSIVES
Oct 19 the capital of SPRK
falls
KPA offered no resistance OCT 25th BATTLE OF UNSAN
MacArthur was ordered to Easy victory, withdrawing back into the
prepare the way of mountains
unification of a free and North Korean winter: -22° + howling
independent Korea winds. (Same mistake as the battle of
THE SLEEPING GIANT Stalingrad)
AWAKES! CHINA MacArthur orders- the offensive needed to
2. ULTRANATIONALIST continue.
BATTLE OF CHOSIN RESERVOIR
Syngman Rhee
Inspiration from USA
Europe and Japan.
Studied in USA NOV 27TH - 30,000 US troops were
encircled by over 120,000 Chinese
17 days of fight to escape the trap
Survivors named the chosen few
“An entirely new war” MacArthur
Pyongyang abandoned on the 5th of
December
 Korean War
“The forgotten war”
OPERATION KILLER

January 15, Gen Ridgway led the UN in a slow advance

northward, in what his troops were called the “meat grinder”
March 15, Re-recaptured Seoul
March 31, Patrols crossing the 38th parallel
MacArthur was fired

CALCULATIONS ARMISTICE
AND JULY 27, 1953
NEGOTIATIONS Established a demilitarized zone (DMZ) at the
Renewed march on 38th parallel
Pyongyang = 200,000 US Set up a neutral nations repatriation
casualties commissions to settle the ongoing POW issue
Officially, Both Koreas are still at war to this
Push for a settlement
very day.
Mid 1951 peace talks
began while battle US denied their war crimes in Korea for
continued many years
Hostile diplomats and 2005-2010 South Korean commission
cultural misunderstandings conducted an investigation of war crimes:
caused negotiation to stall 82% SK forces 18% NK forces
multiple times
PRISONERS OF WAR (POW)
USA Missing In
Action=11,500 Response
3,198
ROK MIA 88,000
Response= 7,142
DPRK= 170,000 UNC
Response= 132,474
The other= 40,000 - south
Koreans or decided to stay
 Cuban Missile
INTRODUCTION
Crisis
THE MOST INTENSE DAYS OF THE COLD WAR
Cuba, USSR, USA
Date: Oct 22, 1962 - Nov 20, 1962
1 casualties
Cameos: Fidel Castro, Nikita Khrushchev, JFK
OPERATION MONGOOSE & CHIRST’S SECOND
BAY OF PIGS COMING

Bahía de Cochinos, Cuba Nov 30, 1962 - 2nd attempt to overthrow

April 17, 1961
1,500 exiles, trained and
financed by the CIA,
invade Cuba in an attempt
to overthrow Castro’s
government = BIG FAIL
CUBA WITH CASTRO
1959- Fidel Castro
overthrows Batistas
dictatorship in Cuba
Castro provided lots of
things, but also he
executed political
opponents, banned
political parties and
censored the press
Castro
Plan by the CIA to convince Cubans that:
Christ arrived again, Fidel Castro = anti-Christ,
Jesus wanted cubans to overthrow the anti-
christ
NOW CASTRO REALLY LIKES USSR
Unsuccessful tries to overthrow Castro
Convinced cuba to seek help from the USSR
Khrushchev secretly deployed nuclear
missiles to the island To protect the island and
contract the threat from the us missiles in Italy
and Turkey
AERIAL PHOTO ANALYSIS

New surveillance arm of the CIA (National

Photographic Interpretation Center
Photogrammetry
THE FAIL PLAN OCTOBER 15, 1962
Military tent and trucks in soviet patterns
April 18th, small forces sent to Launcher equipment
Bahia Honda. As a diversion
Rest of the army to Bay of
Pigs:
Immediate fire
25,000 cuban soldiers defeated
the army in a couple f days
Officially, Both Koreas are
still at war to this very day.
US didn’t provide assistance
 Cuban Missile
KENNEDY’S RESPONSE
Crisis
Advised to launch air strikes against the sites and invade
Cuba
Not the sedition he took

UNANIMOUSLY DECISION BY 3 OFFICERS

“QUARANTINE”
INSTEAD OF Captain Valentin Grigorievic Savitsky👍
Officer Ivan Semionovich Maslennikov👍
NAVAL BLOCKADE 2nd in command Vasili Arkhipov 🚫
Kennedy decided to
impose a quarantine
(ships) around Cuba to
check if the USSR was
sending nuclear missiles
Khrushchev’s response
THE MOST INTENSE 6 DAYS
OF THE CW
Oct 27th - Spy plane
piloted by Major Rudolph DIPLOMACY
Anderson was shot down Attorney General Robert Kennedy secretly met
over Banes Cuba by a with soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin
Soviet missile. Proposal: US would secretly remove their
missiles (turkey & Italy) & promise to never
invade Cuba
Soviet withdrawal from Cuba under UN
inspection

OCT 27TH
Nuclear-armed Sub was hit
by a small depth charge
vessel trying to signal it to
come up
Commander were too deep to
communicate with the
surface
They thought war began and
prepared to launch a nuclear
torpedo