266 agether ewcth Social Science-9

74. What does liberty in the Preamble mean? countries also

Ans. It means there is no unreasonable restrictions unjust and racist.
denounced aparthe
on the citizens in what they think how they
as
s0 Mention any three changes that
express, how they wish to follow their thoughts about in the constitution of were hro
in action. South Africa a
1994. after
75. What does equality mean in the constitution? Ans. The three changes that CBSE 2014
were bought
Africa were asht in the
Ans. All are equal before the law. The traditional
nstitution of South
social incqualities have to be ended
by the (a) follows
Discriminatory laws were repealed.
government and it should ensure cqual (b) Ban
Opportunities for all.
an
political parties and restricti.
on media were lifted.
76. What is constitutional
amendment? (c) Nelson Mandela
Ans. It is a change in the constitution
made
was
released after
by the years of imprisonment.
supreme legislative body in a
country. 81. How difficult it was for India to
77. Why do need to make amendments to our
we fram.ne
constitution?
a constitution for united
India
Independence? after
Ans. Our constitution is a
very long and detailed Ans. To frame a constitution for
document. It needs to be amended unified India
regularly after Independence, its difficult in
to keep it
updated. manner. following
Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] (a) At that time the
people of India were
78. What do you know about Nelson emerging form the status of
subjects to
Mandela? that of citizens.
Ans. (a) Nelson Mandela was a South African
leader who was tried for treason (b) The country emerged thought Partition
by the on the basis of
religion.
white South African
government.
(b) He along with seven others were (c) It was a traumatic experience for both
the people of India and Pakistan.
sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964,
for daring to oppose the 82 Which countries constitutional
features
apartheid regime inspired Indian constitution makers?
in South Africa.
Ans. The following countries constitutional
(c) He spent 28 years in Robben Island, features
South Africa's most dreaded inspired Indian constitution makers:
prison. (a) Ideals of the French Revolution.
(d) He was released after 28 years from jail.
At the midnight of 26th April 1994, South (b) The practice of
Parliamentary democracy
in Britain.
Africa become independent and Nelson
Mandela became its first President. (c) The Bill of Rights in the US.
(d) The Socialist Revolution in Russia.
(any three)
VT. How did the blacks of South Africa (any three)
fight 83. Describe the steps taken to form the
against apartheid?
Ans. (a) Since 1950, the blacks, coloured and the Constituent Assembly. [CBSE 2016
Indians had started their fight against the Or
apartheid system. They started protest How was the Indian Constituent Assembly
marches and strikes. formed? HOTS
(b) The African National
Congress (ANC) Ans. The Indian Constituent Assembly was formed
led the struggle against the for the task of framing the Constitution tor
policies
of segregation. This included workers' independent India. The elections to the
unions and the Communist Party. Provisional Legislative Assembly were held
(c) They were also joined by many sensitive in July 1946. The elected members of tne
whites who opposed apartheid and Provisional Legislative Assembly electe
played
a
leading role in this struggle. Several the members for the Constituent Assembiy

through proportional representation system.
Thcte were
in total 389 members in the
ConstitucntAssembly. Iater with the Partition
ofIndia into India and Pakistan. 299 members
constitution. It included 70 members
wrote the
from princcly states and nine women. 284
present members gave their assent and the
Indian Constitution was passed.
write a short note on the Drafting Committee.
(a) t was a committee that prepared a draft
Ans.
of the constitution for discussion.
(b) Its chairman was Dr BR Ambedkar.
(c)These were several rounds of thorough
discussions on the draft of the constitution
clause by clause.
(d) The membersworked for 114 days spread
over three years.
Later it was presented to the public to get
their opinion. (any three)
85. What was the role of Dr BR Ambedkar in
making of the constitution?
Ams. (a) Dr BR Ambedkar was the Chairman of
the Drafting Committe.
(b) He played a key role in the making of
the constitution He gave shape to our
country of being a complete sovereign
democratic republic based on universal
adult franchise.
(c) He stressed that in politics these should
be equality but in social and economic
life inequalities should be removed.
86. What are Constituent Assembly Debates?
Ans. The proceedings ofthe Constituent Assembly
have been recorded and preserved such as
every document presented and preserved and
these are known as "Constituent Assembly
Debates'
The three characteristics of these debates are:
(a) These debates provide the reason behind
every provision of the constitution.
(b) These are used to interpret the meaning
of the constitution.
(¢) When printed, the debates constitute 12
bulky volumes.
W7, What is the of the Indian
philosophy
Constitution?
Ans. The basic values
have been included
Preamble to the constitution. It contains the
Constitutional Design 267
philosophy on which the entire constitution
has been huilt.
(a) The Preamble provides a standard to
Cxamine and evaluate any law and action
of government. It is the soul of the
constitution.
(b) The Preamble mentions people as the
sources of constitution.
(c) It states that India is a sovereign, socialist.
secular and democratic republic. It
provides justice, liberty, equality and
fraternity for the people.
88. Describe how the Indian constitution has
embodied the basic values into institutional
arrangements?
Ans. (a) It is a detailed document. It needs to
be amended quite regularly to keep it
updated. It has provisions to incorporate
changes from time to time. These changes
are called constitutional amendments.
(b) The constitution lays down a procedure
for choosing persons to govern the
country.
(c) It defines who will have how much power
to take which decisions. It puts limits to
what the government can do for providing
some rights to its citizens that cannot be
violated
Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]
89. Howwas apartheid system practised in South
Africa?
Ans. The apartheid system was practised in South
Africa in the following ways:
(a) The system of apartheid divided the
people on the basis of the colour of their
skin.
(b) The non-whites were treated as inferiors
and were deprived otf their right to vote
by the whites.
from living in white
(c) They were forbidden
areas.
could work in white areas only it
(d) They
they had a permission.
(e) Trains, buses, taxis
hotels, schools,
libraries, cinema halls, beaches, swimming
whites and
were all separate for the
pools
in the blacks.
 268 7agether wthSocial Science-9

in the .Why do we need constitution?

a
() The blacks could not worship constitution for the
Churches where the whites worshipped. Ans. We need a
follow
reasons.
wing
(g) Blacks could not form associations or
(a) It generates a degree of trust
protest against the terrible treatment coordination which is necessarv for
and
meted out to them. (any five) different kinds of people to live together
and the
. Explain how did the white minority (b) The constitution specifies how the
black majority agree to draw up a common government will be constituted and what
constitution for South Africa. CBSE 2013] power each organ will have and who will
Ans. The white minority and the black majority take what decision.

(c) It also defines the responsibilities o

constitution
agreed to draw up a common

for South Africa in the following ways. these three pillars ot the government

(a) The white regime changed its repressive i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary

policies and repealed its discriminatory (d) It regulates the relationship between
three organs and also with the people.
laws.
(b) Ban on political parties and restrictions (e) It also tells us about the rights and duties
media were lifted. of the citizens.
on

(c) The black leaders appealed to

fellow
()It limits the powers of the government and
blacks to forgive the whites
for the tells us about the rights of the citizens.
also protects
atrocities committed by them. (g) The Indian constitution
the
(d) There were long sessions of debates and safeguards the interests of minorities,
solution backward classes and weaker sections.
discussions and they searched a
to the existing problems.
(anyfive)
institutions
It that everyone should be a
agreed 93. The familiarity with political
(e) was
an
part of the solution irrespective
of the of the colonial rule helped to develop
institutional design.
differencesand whatever they had done agreement over the
[CBSE 2016)
or represented in the past. Justify the statement.
role of familiarity with political o
institutions
91. What is a constitution? Explain the Ans. The
an agreemen
the constitution in a country. colonial rule helped to develop
over the institutional design
in the toloMIE
Ans. Aconstitution is a document containing the set
which state or an ways.
of principles according to a
u to
The (a) The British rule gave voting rights
organisation is supposed to be governed. Commission wa
constitution reflects the philosophy on which a few. Later Election grantedto

country's administration works and expresses setup and votingrights were

the aspirations of the people for creating a ncal

Elections were held in 1937 to ProV

good society. It serves as the rule book for
(b) formed

Ministries were
the government. It specifies the powers and Legislatures and
The experico f
limitations of the government and clearly allover British India.
 c) Sarojini Naidu (1S79.1949)
of long debates and
held. Every document
)Member of the Cor

rd spoken was caretully

Assembly
tituenm
() Poet. writer and political
served. This was done (i) Among the for most women| activist
tor turther reference.
tion about any five
in the Congress,
Pradesh.
overnor ofleader
U
tuent Assembly. any )twoy
Explain any five major ideals
Constituent Assembly .
the Preamble to the (Consti enshrin
tution. 1CRSE 2014in
Ans. The following are the tive major
d: (1884-1963)
enshrined in the Preanmble to the ideals
the Constituent
of India: Constitution
(a) Sovereign: People of India have
power and authority to decide on
supreme
played an important internal
mparan satyagraha.
and externa matters
concerning
country. The government cannot be
the
sident of Congress
dictated by any external power.

ient of India
(b) Secular: There Is no state religion of
(any two)
India. At the same time citizens
of
India are free to practise and profes
7-1956)
any religion or faith of their choice. No
government machinery can discriminate
of the Constituent
against or favour any religion or faith
and its followers.
orand educationist
(c) Democratic: In India, it is the people
ler. Member of
who choose their leaders, who form
tian Council and
the government. The government has
e Assembly. Later
to function according to certain basic
t Bengal. rules ensuring maximum welfare of the
(any two)

:9-1964) people.
(d) Justice: Discrimination of the citizens on
r of interim
any ground is legally prohibited.
ressleader (e) Liberty: It refers tofreedomon the activities
ism, democracy of citizens of India. No unreasonable
the
sm
restrictions can be established on
and follow up
er of India. way they think. express
(any two) their thoughts in action.
design
" . Explain the importance ofinstitutional
of the Constitution of India. ICBSE 2016)
ongress in the
bly. Ans. The importance ofthe institutional design
neur. the Constitution of India as follows:
Akali Party in (a) Constitution is mainly about embodying
its values into institutional arrangemens
in the Union (b) It is a long and detailed documen
aharlal Nehru Theretore. it needs to be amended qune
(ay two) regularly to keep it updated.
 (c) The constitution describes the
constitutional arrangements in a very
legal language.
d) Constitution lays down a procedure for
choosing persons to govern the
country.
It defines who will and how much
power
one will have to take which decisions. An
(e) It also puts limits to what the
government
can do by providing some rights to the
citizens that cannot be violated.
Case Based Questions
100. Read the given passage and
answer the
questions that follow: 10
"I havefought against white domination and I
have fought against black
domination. I have
cherished the ideal of a democratic and free
society in which all persons live together in
harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an
ideal which I hope to live for and to
achieve.
But if needs be, it is an ideal for
which I am
prepared to die."
() Identify the speaker of above speech.
(a) Abraham Lincoln
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) Nelson Man