POPULATION pt1

BY: AARADHANA SRI

GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH
From the 18th century, the world has experienced a population explosion, and
it is still increasing faster than ever before. Since there are chances for
production of more goods and services, natural resources are limited.
Population grows as the needs and wants increase, as fast as goods and
services are produced. Now, the world's population is more than three times
larger than it was in the mid-twentieth century. The global human population
reached 8.0 billion in mid-November 2022 from an estimated 2.5 billion
people in 1950, adding 1 billion people since 2010 and 2 billion since 1998.
But, due to overpopulation or
underpopulation, the countries are forced
to reduce or increase the population due to
the number of resources a country has. So,
what are the factors that affect population
growth?
FACTORS THAT AFFECT ●
●
Birth rate
Death rate

POPULATION GROWTH ● Migration

BIRTH RATE
Birth rate is the number of individuals born in a population in a given amount of time. Human
birth rate is stated as the number of individuals born per year per 1000 in the population.
Nigeria has the highest birth rate in the world at 47.28 average annual births per 1,000 people
per year. The birth rate in Angola decreased significantly since 2000, when it was 46.89. It is
notable that datas from other sources, such as the United Nations or World Bank, rank
countries in a slightly different order (see below), but central Africa is the fastest-growing
region globally and Nigeria the fastest-growing population in every case. But on the other side
of the scale, Monaco has the lowest birth rate in the world at 6.63 average annual births per
1,000 people per year. In comparison, the United Nations awards that rank to the U.S.
territory Puerto Rico (6.55) and South Korea (6.77) and World Bank identifies Puerto Rico (6.4)
and San Marino (6.7) as the lowest birth rates in the world. The United States sits at the lower
end of the spectrum in all three rankings, with averages ranging from 11.4 to 12.33.
 Top 10 Countries with the Lowest Birth Rate
(per 1000 people, CIA World Factbook 2021
estimate)
Monaco - 6.63
South Korea - 6.89
Andorra - 6.91
Japan - 7.00
Taiwan (limited recognition) - 7.43
Greece - 7.72
Puerto Rico - 7.90
Portugal - 8.02
Spain - 8.05
Bulgaria - 8.15

Countries with highest and lowest birth rates, 2021

 There are a number of reasons for ● Living standards
● Contraception
differences in birth rates between
● Custom and religion
countries, changing birth rates over ● Changes in female
time. employment
● marriage
DEATH RATE
The death rate, also referred to as the mortality rate or fatality rate, is defined
as the number of people per thousand who die in a particular area during a
particular period of time, usually a year. If people start to live longer it
increases the size of the population. North America, Canada and South
America show relatively low death rates. Mexico in particular shows very low
death rates. Sub Saharan Africa on the other hand shows very high death
rates whilst northern Africa shows lower, but still high, death rates. Most of
Europe has a high death rate with Russia having a very high death rate.
Afghanistan has an extremely high death rate too, whilst surrounding
countries have much lower death rates. India has a surprisingly low death rate
as does China.

A number of factors affect
death rates and help to explain
differences between countries.
● Age distribution
● Living standards
Medical advances and
●
healthcare
● Natural disasters and wars
Countries with highest and lowest death rates.
MIGRATION
The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of
emigrants throughout the year. When the number of immigrants is larger than the number of
emigrants, a positive net migration rate occurs.

North Americans has 59 million international migrants in 2020 or 21 percent of the global migrant
stock, Africa at 9 per cent, Latin America and the Caribbean at 5 per cent, and Oceania at 3 percent.

When compared with the size of the population in each region, shares of international migrants in 2020
were highest in Oceania, North America and Europe, where international migrants represented,
respectively, 22 per cent, 16 per cent and 12 per cent of the total population. In comparison, the share
of international migrants is relatively small in Asia and Africa (1.8% and 1.9%, respectively) and Latin
America and the Caribbean (2.3%).

However, Asia experienced the most remarkable growth from 2000 to 2020, at 74 per cent (around 37
million people in absolute terms). Europe experienced the second largest growth during this period,
with an increase of 30 million international migrants, followed by an increase of 18 million international
migrants in North America and 10 million in Africa.