Contents

CASHLESS RETAIL PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS PER CAPITA (2012)

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF NON-CASH PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS (based on number of

transactions)

CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC OPERATIONAL FEATURES

CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC SETTLEMENT FEATURES

CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - RISK CONTROL MECHANISMS

AUTOMATED CLEARINGHOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE WORLDWIDE

ACH SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC OPERATIONAL ANS SETTLEMENT FEATURES

ACH SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE – RISK CONTROLS MECHANISMS

STATISTICS ON AVAILABILITY OF ATMs AND POS TERMINALS (PER 1 MILLION INHABITANTS,

2012)

ATM SERVICES

CENTRAL BANKS’ OPINION ON INTEROPERABILITY OF ATMs AND POS TERMINALS

PAYMENT CARDS IN CIRCULATION

PROCESSING OF DOMESTIC ATMs AND POS TERMINALS TRANSACTIONS

INTERCHANGE FEES FOR PAYMENT CARDS

PAYMENT SWITCHES - TRANSACTIONS SUPPORTED

PAYMENT SWITCHES - OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE

PAYMENT SWITCHES - SETTLEMENT FEATURES

PAYMENT SWITCHES - PRICING MODELS

CENTRAL BANK ROLE IN THE PAYMENT CARD SWITCH(ES)

DESIGNATION OF NATIONAL PAYMENT CARD SWITCH FOR THE CLEARING AND

SETTLEMENT OF ALL DOMESTIC TRANSACTIONS

NON-BANK INSTITUTIONS ISSUING NON-CASH PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS

MEASURES TO PREVENT FRAUD IN PAYMENT CARD SYSTEMS

INNOVATIVE RETAIL PAYMENT PRODUCTS IN USE

INNOVATIVE ACCESS CHANNELS TO A BANK ACCOUNT FOR PAYMENT PURPOSES

TRENDS FOR INNOVATIVE RETAIL PAYMENT PRODUCTS

PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR GOVERNMENT TO PERSON PAYMENTS (most used)

PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR PERSON TO GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS (most used)

PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR GOVERNMENT TO BUSINESS PAYMENTS (most used)

PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR BUSINESS TO GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS (most used)

Sheet
TABLE III.1

TABLE III.2

TABLE III.3

TABLE III.4

TABLE III.5

TABLE III.6

TABLE III.7

TABLE III.8

TABLE III.9

TABLE III.10

TABLE lll.11

TABLE III.12

TABLE III.13

TABLE III.14

TABLE III.15.1

TABLE III.15.2

TABLE III.15.3

TABLE III.15.4

TABLE III.16

TABLE III.17

TABLE III.18
TABLE III.19

TABLE III.20

TABLE III.21

TABLE III.22

TABLE III.23.1

TABLE III.23.2

TABLE III.23.3

TABLE III.23.4
 TABLE III.1: CASHLESS RETAIL PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS PER CAPITA (2012)

Average per capita cashless

Countries* Growth rate 2012-2015
transactions

Albania 3.9 30%

Angola 0.2 78%
Argentina 129.3 42%
Armenia 7.9 85%
Australia 415.6 23%
Austria 177.5 -38%
Azerbaijan 2.9 176%
Bangladesh 0.2 83%
Bolivia 4.2 167%
Brazil 140.0 20%
Bulgaria 42.4 37%
Cabo Verde 25.6 68%
Cayman Islands 130.0 -6%
Chile 48.8 35%
China, People's Republic of 4.9 1114%
Colombia 12.8 -61%
Costa Rica 90.2 37%
Croatia 117.8 244%
Cyprus 62.6 -31%
Dominican Republic 34.3 34%
Eastern Caribbean Currency Un 35.4 11%
Ecuador 7.1 22%
Egypt, Arab Republic of 1.3 447%
Estonia 305.6 21%
Ethiopia 0.0 -4%
Finland 405.8 -10%
France 245.6 70%
Georgia 23.8 131%
Germany 241.3 7%
Greece 39.0 75%
Guatemala 1.4 -11%
Honduras 0.8 -7%
Hong Kong SAR, China 113.6 11%
Hungary 78.6 29%
Iraq 0.0 1047%
Ireland 206.9 27%
Israel 162.7 15%
Jamaica 0.0 -100%
Japan 0.1 -100%
Jordan 3.4 37%
Kazakhstan 7.3 0%
Korea, Republic of 532.4 28%
Kosovo 5.5 128%
Latvia 169.2 44%
Lithuania 144.8 38%
Luxembourg 329.1 5%
Malawi 0.3 -35%
Malaysia 89.0 45%
Malta 103.3 36%
Mauritius 44.1 66%
Moldova 7.2 68%
Montenegro 26.4 61%
Morocco 2.7 27%
Mozambique 1.8 104%
Namibia 37.3 13%
Netherlands 398.7 19%
New Zealand 464.4 12%
Nigeria 1.2 280%
Norway 0.0 -100%
Pakistan 0.4 6%
Peru 17.9 NA
Philippines 1.7 NA
Poland 128.3 65%
Portugal 191.3 14%
Romania 25.7 41%
Russian Federation 95.5 133%
Samoa 12.1 NA
San Marino 149.8 22%
Saudi Arabia 19.9 67%
Serbia 62.4 7%
Seychelles 41.4 324%
Singapore 727.0 6%
Slovak Republic 129.5 41%
Slovenia 172.1 11%
South Africa 0.0 -100%
Spain 129.4 5%
Sri Lanka 399.3 10174%
Swaziland 0.4 -26%
Sweden 438.7 25%
Switzerland 304.9 49%
Thailand 59.7 46%
Trinidad and Tobago 57.9 7%
Tunisia 5.2 14%
Turkey 48.9 27%
United Arab Emirates 39.6 104%
United Kingdom 345.6 23%
United States 0.0 -100%
Uruguay 45.0 56%
Vietnam 2.5 39%
Yemen, Republic of 0.1 -38%
Zambia 0.5 -71%
Zimbabwe 0.0 16%
*for which sufficient information was available
 TABLE III.2 - RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF NON-CASH PA

Credit transfers Direct debits Debit cards

Countries* # % # % #

Worldwide total (84) 25 30% 4 5% 36

By Income
High Income (43) 12 28% 2 5% 22
Upper-middle Income (25) 10 40% 1 4% 9
Lower-middle Income (9) 0 0% 1 11% 3
Low Income (7) 3 43% 0 0% 2

By region
East Asia and the Pacific (4) 0 0% 0 70% 1
Europe and Central Asia (10) 5 50% 0 100% 5
Latin America and the Caribbean (14) 3 21% 1 96% 5
Middle East and North Africa (5) 0 0% 0 75% 3
South Asia (2) 0 0% 0 75% 1
Sub-Saharan Africa (11) 3 27% 1 84% 4
Euro area countries (15) 6 40% 2 100% 7
Other EU members (11) 7 64% 0 100% 4
Other developed countries (12) 1 8% 0 90% 6

By population size
>30 million (24) 6 25% 3 13% 8
>5 million, <30 million (35) 11 31% 1 3% 15
<5 million (25) 8 32% 0 0% 13
* for which sufficient information was available
ORTANCE OF NON-CASH PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS

Debit cards Credit cards Pre-paid cards Mobile payments Cheques

% # % # % # % # %

43% 7 8% 4 5% 1 1% 7 8%

51% 4 9% 2 5% 0 0% 1 2%
36% 1 4% 2 8% 0 0% 2 8%
33% 2 22% 0 0% 0 0% 3 33%
29% 0 0% 0 0% 1 14% 1 14%

25% 1 25% 2 50% 0 0% 0 0%

50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
36% 3 21% 0 0% 0 0% 2 14%
60% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 40%
50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 50%
36% 0 0% 0 0% 1 9% 2 18%
47% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
36% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
50% 3 25% 2 17% 0 0% 0 0%

33% 3 13% 1 4% 1 4% 2 8%
43% 3 9% 3 9% 0 0% 2 6%
52% 1 4% 0 0% 0 0% 3 12%
 TABLE III.3 CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC OPERATIONAL FEAT

Cheque clearinghouse is
operated by the Central Cheques are standardized
Bank

Cheque clearinghouses # % # %

77 Worldwide total (77) 37 48% 71 92%

By Income
24 High Income (24) 8 33% 22 92%
23 Upper-middle Income (23) 11 48% 22 96%
23 Lower-middle Income (23) 11 48% 20 87%
7 Low Income (7) 7 100% 7 100%

By region
12 East Asia and the Pacific (12) 7 58% 10 83%
2 Europe and Central Asia (2) 0 0% 2 100%
15 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 7 47% 14 93%
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 7 78% 7 78%
5 South Asia (5) 2 40% 4 80%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 10 59% 17 100%
7 Euro area countries (7) 2 29% 7 100%
4 Other EU members (4) 0 0% 4 100%
6 Other developed countries (6) 2 33% 6 100%

By population size
30 >30 million (30) 15 50% 30 100%
28 >5 million, <30 million (28) 13 46% 26 93%
19 <5 million (19) 9 47% 15 79%
ASIC OPERATIONAL FEATURES

Processing of cheques is Processing of cheques is

automated, but physical automated, and cheque
exchange is required truncation is used

# % # %

34 44% 36 47%

7 29% 15 63%
9 39% 11 48%
13 57% 8 35%
5 71% 2 29%

8 67% 4 33%
1 50% 1 50%
8 53% 7 47%
4 44% 4 44%
1 20% 3 60%
8 47% 6 35%
2 29% 4 57%
0 0% 4 100%
2 33% 3 50%

12 40% 15 50%
10 36% 15 54%
12 63% 6 32%
 TABLE III.4 CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC SETT

Multilateral net Net balances are

balances are calculated and
calculated settled once a day

Cheque clearinghouses # % #

77 Worldwide total (77) 66 86% 52

By Income
24 High Income (24) 20 83% 19
23 Upper-middle Income (23) 19 83% 14
23 Lower-middle Income (23) 21 91% 13
7 Low Income (7) 6 86% 6

By region
12 East Asia and the Pacific (12) 10 83% 9
2 Europe and Central Asia (2) 2 100% 2
15 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 15 100% 9
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 8 89% 8
5 South Asia (5) 4 80% 1
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 14 82% 11
7 Euro area countries (7) 5 71% 6
4 Other EU members (4) 3 75% 3
6 Other developed countries (6) 5 83% 3

By population size
30 >30 million (30) 24 80% 19
28 >5 million, <30 million (28) 26 93% 20
19 <5 million (19) 16 84% 13
EMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC SETTLEMENT FEATURES

Final settlement
Net balances are Final settlement takes place in
Net balances are Customer accounts
calculated and takes place Central Bank
calculated and are credited no
settled more than through a RTGS money, but not
settled once a day later than T+2
once each day system through a RTGS
system

% # % # % # % # %

68% 23 30% 62 81% 12 16% 69 90%

79% 5 21% 21 88% 2 8% 23 96%

61% 7 30% 19 83% 2 9% 18 78%
57% 10 43% 17 74% 6 26% 22 96%
86% 1 14% 5 71% 2 29% 6 86%

75% 3 25% 8 67% 4 33% 10 83%

100% 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 2 100%
60% 6 40% 14 93% 1 7% 15 100%
89% 1 11% 7 78% 2 22% 9 100%
20% 3 60% 2 40% 2 40% 4 80%
65% 5 29% 13 76% 3 18% 13 76%
86% 2 29% 7 100% 0 0% 6 86%
75% 1 25% 4 100% 0 0% 4 100%
50% 2 33% 5 83% 0 0% 6 100%

63% 10 33% 25 83% 3 10% 28 93%

71% 8 29% 22 79% 6 21% 27 96%
68% 5 26% 15 79% 3 16% 14 74%
 TABLE III.4(b) LARGE VALUE CHEQUES PROCEDURE

A special
Large-value
procedure for
cheques can be
large-value
settled with same-
cheques has been
day value
implemented

Cheque clearinghouses # % #

77 Worldwide total (77) 24 31% 12

By Income
24 High Income (24) 8 33% 4
23 Upper-middle Income (23) 9 39% 5
23 Lower-middle Income (23) 5 22% 3
7 Low Income (7) 2 29% 0

By region
12 East Asia and the Pacific (12) 5 42% 2
2 Europe and Central Asia (2) 1 50% 1
15 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 5 33% 2
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 2 22% 2
5 South Asia (5) 2 40% 2
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 4 24% 1
7 Euro area countries (7) 4 57% 2
4 Other EU members (4) 0 0% 0
6 Other developed countries (6) 1 17% 0

By population size
30 >30 million (30) 10 33% 4
28 >5 million, <30 million (28) 8 29% 4
19 <5 million (19) 6 32% 4
ALUE CHEQUES PROCEDURE

There is a
settlement
Large-value Large-value Net balances are guarantee fund for
cheques can be cheques are calculated and large-value
settled with same- processed on a settled more than cheques processed
day value gross basis once a day under this
procedure (on a net
basis)

% # % # % # %

16% 13 17% 3 4% 7 9%

17% 5 21% 0 0% 0 0%
22% 4 17% 3 13% 5 22%
13% 2 9% 0 0% 2 9%
0% 2 29% 0 0% 0 0%

17% 1 8% 1 8% 2 17%
50% 1 50% 0 0% 1 50%
13% 3 20% 2 13% 2 13%
22% 2 22% 0 0% 1 11%
40% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
6% 2 12% 0 0% 1 6%
29% 4 57% 0 0% 0 0%
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

13% 4 13% 1 3% 1 3%
14% 5 18% 2 7% 4 14%
21% 4 21% 0 0% 2 11%
 TABLE III.4 CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDW

Should a participant be
No specific risk
unable to settle its debit
management
position, an unwinding
mechanism is in place
procedure is initiated

Cheque clearinghouses # % # %

77 Worldwide total (77) 15 19% 30 39%

By Income
24 High Income (24) 5 21% 9 38%
23 Upper-middle Income (23) 2 9% 11 48%
23 Lower-middle Income (23) 6 26% 9 39%
7 Low Income (7) 2 29% 1 14%

By region
12 East Asia and the Pacific (12) 1 8% 8 67%
2 Europe and Central Asia (2) 0 0% 2 100%
15 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 1 7% 9 60%
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 4 44% 1 11%
5 South Asia (5) 3 60% 1 20%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 3 18% 1 6%
7 Euro area countries (7) 2 29% 3 43%
4 Other EU members (4) 0 0% 1 25%
6 Other developed countries (6) 1 17% 4 67%

By population size
30 >30 million (30) 3 10% 16 53%
28 >5 million, <30 million (28) 7 25% 11 39%
19 <5 million (19) 5 26% 3 16%
I.4 CHEQUE SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - RISK CONTROL MECHANISMS

Risk management
mechanisms ensure
Participants have There are limits in place completion of daily
There is a specific
access to information to protect netting settlements in case of
guarantee fund in place
during the day on their systems from the inability to settle by
for the system
preliminary position significant exposures the participant with the
largest single
settlement obligation

# % # % # % # %

46 60% 22 29% 20 26% 38 49%

15 63% 3 13% 2 8% 9 38%

14 61% 7 30% 6 26% 13 57%
13 57% 10 43% 10 43% 14 61%
4 57% 2 29% 2 29% 2 29%

8 67% 7 58% 5 42% 9 75%

1 50% 1 50% 1 50% 1 50%
11 73% 3 20% 6 40% 8 53%
4 44% 3 33% 2 22% 4 44%
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
11 65% 5 29% 4 24% 9 53%
4 57% 1 14% 1 14% 2 29%
3 75% 2 50% 1 25% 3 75%
4 67% 0 0% 0 0% 2 33%

18 60% 7 23% 7 23% 13 43%

19 68% 11 39% 8 29% 15 54%
9 47% 4 21% 5 26% 10 53%
The Central Bank or the
operator ultimately
provides liquidity to the
system

# %

35 45%

7 29%
12 52%
12 52%
4 57%

9 75%
2 100%
9 60%
2 22%
0 0%
10 59%
0 0%
1 25%
2 33%

12 40%
14 50%
9 47%
 TABLE III.6 AUTOMATED CLEARINGHOUSE
INFRASTRUCTURE WORLDWIDE

Automated clearinghouses for direct

#
credits/ direct debits

Worldwide total 90

By Income
High Income 31
Upper-middle Income 29
Lower-middle Income 25
Low Income 5

By region
East Asia and the Pacific 9
Europe and Central Asia 8
Latin America and the Caribbean 16
Middle East and North Africa 7
South Asia 4
Sub-Saharan Africa 17
Euro area countries 12
Other EU members 10
Other Developed Countries 7

By population size
>30 million 27
>5 million, <30 million 36
<5 million 27
 TABLE III.7 ACH SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE - BASIC OPERATIONAL ANS S

The ACH processes

The ACH is operated by
both credit transfers
the Central Bank
and direct debits

Automated clearinghouses for credit

# % # %
transfers/ direct debits

90 Worldwide total (90) 36 40% 62 69%

By Income
31 High Income (31) 9 29% 21 68%
29 Upper-middle Income (29) 11 38% 20 69%
25 Lower-middle Income (25) 12 48% 17 68%
5 Low Income (5) 4 80% 4 80%

By region
9 East Asia and the Pacific (9) 4 44% 5 56%
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 7 88% 5 63%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 4 25% 12 75%
7 Middle East and North Africa (7) 4 57% 4 57%
4 South Asia (4) 2 50% 4 100%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 9 53% 10 59%
12 Euro area countries (12) 4 33% 9 75%
10 Other EU members (10) 1 10% 7 70%
7 Other developed countries (7) 1 14% 6 86%

By population size
27 >30 million (27) 8 30% 22 81%
36 >5 million, <30 million (35) 11 31% 26 72%
27 <5 million (27) 17 63% 14 52%
IC OPERATIONAL ANS SETTLEMENT FEATURES

Final settlement takes

Net balances are Final settlement takes
place in Central Bank
calculated and settled at place through a RTGS
money, but not through
least once a day system
a RTGS

# % # % # %

86 96% 74 82% 15 17%

29 94% 25 81% 5 16%

29 100% 27 93% 3 10%
23 92% 18 72% 6 24%
5 100% 4 80% 1 20%

9 100% 8 89% 1 11%

8 100% 6 75% 3 38%
16 100% 15 94% 1 6%
7 100% 5 71% 3 43%
4 100% 1 25% 3 75%
15 88% 13 76% 2 12%
11 92% 11 92% 0 0%
10 100% 10 100% 0 0%
6 86% 5 71% 2 29%

25 93% 21 78% 6 22%

36 100% 30 83% 6 17%
25 93% 23 85% 3 11%
 TABLE III.8 ACH SYSTEMS WORLDW

If a participant is unable
No specific risk to settle its debit
management position, an unwinding
mechanism is in place procedure would be
initiated

Automated clearinghouses for direct

# % # %
credits/ direct debits

90 Worldwide total (90) 15 17% 38 42%

By Income
31 High Income (31) 5 16% 14 45%
29 Upper-middle Income (29) 2 7% 16 55%
25 Lower-middle Income (25) 7 28% 6 24%
5 Low Income (5) 1 20% 2 40%

By region
9 East Asia and the Pacific (9) 2 22% 4 44%
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 0 0% 5 63%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 3 19% 9 56%
7 Middle East and North Africa (7) 4 57% 1 14%
4 South Asia (4) 2 50% 0 0%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 2 12% 3 18%
12 Euro area countries (12) 2 17% 6 50%
10 Other EU members (10) 0 0% 5 50%
7 Other developed countries (7) 0 0% 5 71%

By population size
27 >30 million (27) 2 7% 10 37%
36 >5 million, <30 million (35) 5 14% 22 61%
27 <5 million (27) 8 30% 6 22%
8 ACH SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE – RISK CONTROLS MECHANISMS

Risk management
mechanisms ensure
Participants have There are limits in place
There is a specific completion of daily
access to information to protect netting
guarantee fund in place settlement in case of
during the day on their systems from excessive
for the system inability to settle by the
preliminary positions exposures
participant with the
largest obligation

# % # % # % # %

63 70% 34 38% 18 20% 21 23%

21 68% 13 42% 4 13% 8 26%

23 79% 10 34% 6 21% 5 17%
16 64% 9 36% 7 28% 7 28%
3 60% 2 40% 1 20% 1 20%

6 67% 4 44% 2 22% 2 22%

8 100% 5 63% 1 13% 1 13%
9 56% 3 19% 4 25% 5 31%
3 43% 3 43% 1 14% 1 14%
1 25% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
13 76% 6 35% 5 29% 6 35%
8 67% 4 33% 2 17% 3 25%
9 90% 4 40% 2 20% 1 10%
6 86% 5 71% 1 14% 2 29%

18 67% 11 41% 4 15% 5 19%

29 81% 16 44% 7 19% 7 19%
16 59% 7 26% 7 26% 9 33%
The Central Bank or the
operator ultimately
provides liquidity to the
system

# %

33 37%

9 29%
14 48%
7 28%
3 60%

4 44%
4 50%
7 44%
0 0%
0 0%
10 59%
2 17%
2 20%
4 57%

7 26%
17 47%
9 33%
 TABLE III.8 ACH SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE – ACCESS POLICIES

Commercial banks

No access allowed Direct access

Automated clearinghouses for direct

# % # %
credits/ direct debits

90 Worldwide total (90) 1 1% 84 93%

By Income
31 High Income (31) 0 0% 30 97%
29 Upper-middle Income (29) 1 3% 26 90%
25 Lower-middle Income (25) 0 0% 23 92%
5 Low Income (5) 0 0% 5 100%

By region
9 East Asia and the Pacific (9) 0 0% 9 100%
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 0 0% 7 88%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 0 0% 15 94%
7 Middle East and North Africa (7) 0 0% 7 100%
4 South Asia (4) 0 0% 4 100%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 1 6% 14 82%
12 Euro area countries (12) 0 0% 12 100%
10 Other EU members (10) 0 0% 9 90%
7 Other developed countries (7) 0 0% 7 100%

By population size
27 >30 million (27) 0 0% 26 96%
36 >5 million, <30 million (35) 0 0% 34 94%
27 <5 million (27) 1 4% 24 89%
E – ACCESS POLICIES

Commercial banks Banks other than commercial

Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access

# % # % # % # % #

1 1% 0 0% 11 12% 49 54% 8

0 0% 0 0% 1 3% 22 71% 0
1 3% 0 0% 4 14% 15 52% 1
0 0% 0 0% 4 16% 10 40% 7
0 0% 0 0% 2 40% 2 40% 0

0 0% 0 0% 2 22% 5 56% 2
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
1 6% 0 0% 4 25% 9 56% 0
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 6 86% 1
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 50% 2
0 0% 0 0% 5 29% 4 24% 3
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 8 67% 0
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 8 80% 0
0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 7 100% 0

0 0% 0 0% 2 7% 18 67% 4
1 3% 0 0% 3 8% 24 67% 2
0 0% 0 0% 6 22% 7 26% 2
han commercial International MTOs

Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable

% # % # % # % # % #

9% 15 17% 48 53% 4 4% 4 4% 24

0% 6 19% 14 45% 2 6% 3 10% 8

3% 6 21% 16 55% 2 7% 1 3% 8
28% 2 8% 15 60% 0 0% 0 0% 6
0% 1 20% 3 60% 0 0% 0 0% 2

22% 0 0% 7 78% 0 0% 0 0% 2
0% 5 63% 4 50% 1 13% 0 0% 1
0% 3 19% 8 50% 1 6% 0 0% 7
14% 0 0% 3 43% 0 0% 0 0% 4
50% 0 0% 2 50% 0 0% 0 0% 0
18% 2 12% 10 59% 0 0% 1 6% 3
0% 4 33% 4 33% 1 8% 3 25% 4
0% 1 10% 5 50% 1 10% 0 0% 3
0% 0 0% 5 71% 0 0% 0 0% 0

15% 2 7% 17 63% 0 0% 1 4% 4
6% 5 14% 18 50% 2 6% 2 6% 13
7% 8 30% 13 48% 2 7% 1 4% 7
 Local MTOs

Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed

% # % # % # % # % #

27% 47 52% 4 4% 11 12% 18 20% 50

26% 14 45% 4 13% 3 10% 6 19% 19

28% 17 59% 0 0% 5 17% 5 17% 16
24% 13 52% 0 0% 3 12% 5 20% 12
40% 3 60% 0 0% 0 0% 2 40% 3

22% 6 67% 0 0% 1 11% 2 22% 4

13% 5 63% 0 0% 1 13% 1 13% 4
44% 8 50% 0 0% 3 19% 4 25% 8
57% 3 43% 2 29% 0 0% 2 29% 5
0% 2 50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2
18% 9 53% 0 0% 3 18% 2 12% 10
33% 4 33% 1 8% 3 25% 4 33% 6
30% 5 50% 1 10% 0 0% 3 30% 6
0% 5 71% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 5

15% 15 56% 0 0% 3 11% 4 15% 15

36% 18 50% 3 8% 5 14% 9 25% 21
26% 14 52% 1 4% 3 11% 5 19% 14
 Exchange bureaus Supervised NBF

No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access

% # % # % # % # % #

56% 2 2% 4 4% 24 27% 33 37% 21

61% 1 3% 0 0% 7 23% 10 32% 9

55% 1 3% 3 10% 7 24% 12 41% 9
48% 0 0% 1 4% 8 32% 10 40% 2
60% 0 0% 0 0% 2 40% 1 20% 1

44% 0 0% 0 0% 5 56% 4 44% 2

50% 0 0% 0 0% 2 25% 4 50% 0
50% 1 6% 2 13% 5 31% 4 25% 6
71% 0 0% 1 14% 1 14% 3 43% 2
50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 25% 0
59% 0 0% 1 6% 3 18% 6 35% 2
50% 1 8% 0 0% 5 42% 3 25% 3
60% 0 0% 0 0% 3 30% 4 40% 4
71% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 4 57% 2

56% 0 0% 1 4% 6 22% 9 33% 9

58% 0 0% 3 8% 11 31% 13 36% 9
52% 2 7% 0 0% 7 26% 11 41% 3
 Supervised NBFIs Unsupervised NBFIs

Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access

% # % # % # % # % #

23% 18 20% 11 12% 49 54% 1 1% 3

29% 5 16% 5 16% 16 52% 0 0% 0

31% 5 17% 2 7% 18 62% 1 3% 1
8% 7 28% 3 12% 12 48% 0 0% 2
20% 1 20% 1 20% 3 60% 0 0% 0

22% 2 22% 1 11% 5 56% 0 0% 1

0% 1 13% 2 25% 3 38% 1 13% 0
38% 3 19% 3 19% 9 56% 0 0% 1
29% 1 14% 1 14% 3 43% 0 0% 1
0% 2 50% 0 0% 2 50% 0 0% 0
12% 4 24% 1 6% 9 53% 0 0% 0
25% 4 33% 2 17% 7 58% 0 0% 0
40% 0 0% 1 10% 7 70% 0 0% 0
29% 1 14% 0 0% 4 57% 0 0% 0

33% 4 15% 2 7% 13 48% 0 0% 2

25% 9 25% 4 11% 22 61% 1 3% 0
11% 5 19% 5 19% 14 52% 0 0% 1
ised NBFIs MNOs

Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable

% # % # % # % # % #

3% 26 29% 46 51% 6 7% 8 9% 21

0% 10 32% 16 52% 3 10% 1 3% 7

3% 7 24% 14 48% 3 10% 3 10% 7
8% 7 28% 15 60% 0 0% 3 12% 4
0% 2 40% 1 20% 0 0% 1 20% 3

11% 3 33% 6 67% 0 0% 1 11% 2

0% 2 25% 4 50% 0 0% 0 0% 2
6% 6 38% 6 38% 1 6% 2 13% 7
14% 3 43% 3 43% 1 14% 2 29% 1
0% 0 0% 2 50% 0 0% 1 25% 0
0% 5 29% 8 47% 0 0% 2 12% 4
0% 4 33% 7 58% 1 8% 0 0% 4
0% 2 20% 5 50% 3 30% 0 0% 1
0% 1 14% 5 71% 0 0% 0 0% 0

7% 7 26% 14 52% 0 0% 3 11% 6

0% 11 31% 19 53% 4 11% 4 11% 8
4% 8 30% 13 48% 2 7% 1 4% 7
 Postal network O

Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed

% # % # % # % # % #

23% 39 43% 12 13% 8 9% 22 24% 33

23% 9 29% 5 16% 6 19% 7 23% 12

24% 16 55% 3 10% 2 7% 6 21% 10
16% 12 48% 4 16% 0 0% 6 24% 9
60% 2 40% 0 0% 0 0% 3 60% 2

22% 6 67% 0 0% 0 0% 3 33% 3

25% 5 63% 0 0% 0 0% 2 25% 3
44% 6 38% 1 6% 0 0% 8 50% 5
14% 2 29% 4 57% 1 14% 0 0% 3
0% 2 50% 1 25% 0 0% 0 0% 2
24% 8 47% 0 0% 2 12% 4 24% 6
33% 3 25% 1 8% 4 33% 4 33% 5
10% 5 50% 3 30% 0 0% 1 10% 2
0% 2 29% 2 29% 1 14% 0 0% 4

22% 11 41% 5 19% 1 4% 6 22% 9

22% 15 42% 6 17% 4 11% 10 28% 13
26% 13 48% 1 4% 3 11% 6 22% 11
 Other non-financial institutions National Treasu

No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access

% # % # % # % # % #

37% 12 13% 4 4% 24 27% 33 37% 26

39% 5 16% 0 0% 9 29% 11 35% 8

34% 6 21% 2 7% 5 17% 12 41% 11
36% 1 4% 2 8% 7 28% 10 40% 6
40% 0 0% 0 0% 3 60% 0 0% 1

33% 1 11% 1 11% 3 33% 5 56% 2

38% 0 0% 0 0% 1 13% 1 13% 4
31% 5 31% 2 13% 4 25% 7 44% 5
43% 2 29% 0 0% 1 14% 2 29% 4
50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2 50% 0
35% 1 6% 1 6% 4 24% 5 29% 3
42% 1 8% 0 0% 5 42% 6 50% 3
20% 2 20% 0 0% 5 50% 2 20% 4
57% 0 0% 0 0% 1 14% 3 43% 1

33% 4 15% 2 7% 4 15% 11 41% 5

36% 5 14% 2 6% 13 36% 12 33% 14
41% 3 11% 0 0% 7 26% 10 37% 7
 National Treasury

Direct access Indirect access Not applicable

% # % # %

29% 8 9% 17 19%

26% 1 3% 9 29%
38% 3 10% 2 7%
24% 4 16% 2 8%
20% 0 0% 4 80%

22% 0 0% 2 22%
50% 2 25% 0 0%
31% 0 0% 4 25%
57% 1 14% 0 0%
0% 1 25% 0 0%
18% 2 12% 4 24%
25% 0 0% 3 25%
40% 1 10% 2 20%
14% 1 14% 2 29%

19% 3 11% 6 22%

39% 2 6% 7 19%
26% 3 11% 4 15%
 TABLE III.10(a) LOCAL CARD MARKET

International brands
Local brands dominate
(e.g. Visa, Mastercard)
the marketplace for
dominate the
payment cards
marketplace

Central banks # % # %

105 Worldwide total (105) 29 28% 78 74%

By Income
40 High Income (40) 11 28% 30 75%
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 5 17% 26 87%
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 9 32% 19 68%
7 Low Income (7) 4 57% 3 43%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 7 50% 7 50%
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 1 10% 10 100%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 2 13% 15 94%
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 3 33% 6 67%
5 South Asia (5) 1 20% 3 60%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 6 35% 11 65%
16 Euro area countries (16) 5 31% 12 75%
8 Other EU members (8) 1 13% 7 88%
10 Other developed countries (10) 3 30% 7 70%

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 10 31% 22 69%
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 10 26% 28 74%
35 <5 million (35) 9 26% 28 80%
 TABLE lll.11 CENTRAL BANKS’ OPIN

ATMs

Full Good Low

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 65 62% 24 23% 9

By Income
40 High Income (40) 31 78% 7 18% 2
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 17 57% 10 33% 3
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 14 50% 7 25% 2
7 Low Income (7) 3 43% 0 0% 2

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 6 43% 4 29% 0
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 6 60% 4 40% 1
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 9 56% 7 44% 1
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 5 56% 1 11% 2
5 South Asia (5) 2 40% 1 20% 0
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 7 41% 4 24% 3
16 Euro area countries (16) 15 94% 2 13% 0
8 Other EU members (8) 7 88% 0 0% 1
10 Other developed countries (10) 8 80% 1 10% 1

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 22 69% 4 13% 5
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 27 71% 6 16% 2
35 <5 million (35) 16 46% 14 40% 2
lll.11 CENTRAL BANKS’ OPINION ON INTEROPERABILITY OF ATMs AND POS TERMINALS

TMs POS terminals

Low No interoperability Full Good Low No interoperability

% # % # % # % # % #

9% 6 6% 62 59% 28 27% 7 7% 7

5% 1 3% 31 78% 7 18% 3 8% 0
10% 0 0% 16 53% 11 37% 2 7% 1
7% 4 14% 14 50% 8 29% 1 4% 4
29% 1 14% 1 14% 2 29% 1 14% 2

0% 4 29% 4 29% 5 36% 1 7% 4

10% 0 0% 7 70% 4 40% 0 0% 0
6% 0 0% 10 63% 6 38% 1 6% 0
22% 1 11% 5 56% 2 22% 1 11% 1
0% 0 0% 2 40% 1 20% 0 0% 0
18% 1 6% 5 29% 6 35% 2 12% 2
0% 0 0% 15 94% 1 6% 1 6% 0
13% 0 0% 6 75% 2 25% 0 0% 0
10% 0 0% 8 80% 1 10% 1 10% 0

16% 0 0% 20 63% 7 22% 2 6% 2

5% 3 8% 24 63% 9 24% 3 8% 2
6% 3 9% 18 51% 12 34% 2 6% 3
 Payment cards are actually used as payment instruments

No interoperability Extensively Sometimes Rarely

% # % # % # %

7% 62 59% 35 33% 5 5%

0% 37 93% 3 8% 1 3%
3% 16 53% 12 40% 1 3%
14% 8 29% 16 57% 2 7%
29% 1 14% 4 57% 1 14%

29% 6 43% 6 43% 2 14%

0% 6 60% 5 50% 0 0%
0% 8 50% 7 44% 0 0%
11% 2 22% 6 67% 1 11%
0% 1 20% 2 40% 0 0%
12% 7 41% 7 41% 1 6%
0% 16 100% 1 6% 0 0%
0% 7 88% 1 13% 0 0%
0% 9 90% 0 0% 1 10%

6% 18 56% 11 34% 2 6%
5% 22 58% 13 34% 1 3%
9% 22 63% 11 31% 2 6%
 TABLE III.12 ATM SERVICE

Bill payments Cash deposits

Central banks # % # %

105 Worldwide total (105) 78 74% 90 86%

By Income
40 High Income (40) 28 70% 37 93%
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 23 77% 26 87%
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 24 86% 23 82%
7 Low Income (7) 3 43% 4 57%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 10 71% 11 79%
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 10 100% 10 100%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 11 69% 15 94%
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 7 78% 7 78%
5 South Asia (5) 4 80% 4 80%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 12 71% 12 71%
16 Euro area countries (16) 10 63% 15 94%
8 Other EU members (8) 7 88% 8 100%
10 Other developed countries (10) 7 70% 8 80%

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 25 78% 29 91%
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 27 71% 30 79%
35 <5 million (35) 26 74% 31 89%
TABLE III.12 ATM SERVICES

Credit transfers to other Credit transfer to

Purchases (e.g. tickets,
accounts within same accounts at any other Other
airtime)
bank bank

# % # % # % # %

53 50% 85 81% 47 45% 30 29%

17 43% 28 70% 20 50% 17 43%

16 53% 26 87% 12 40% 9 30%
16 57% 26 93% 10 36% 3 11%
4 57% 5 71% 5 71% 1 14%

5 36% 13 93% 7 50% 2 14%

7 70% 11 110% 6 60% 4 40%
5 31% 14 88% 3 19% 4 25%
6 67% 8 89% 1 11% 3 33%
2 40% 3 60% 3 60% 1 20%
12 71% 13 76% 10 59% 1 6%
10 63% 12 75% 10 63% 8 50%
4 50% 4 50% 2 25% 1 13%
2 20% 7 70% 5 50% 6 60%

21 66% 28 88% 22 69% 12 38%

17 45% 31 82% 18 47% 11 29%
15 43% 26 74% 7 20% 7 20%
 TABLE III.13 PROCESSING OF DOMESTIC ATMs AN

Most networks are interc

Domestic networks are not enabling inter-network
interconnected transactions which resu
network clearing and se

ATM POS ATM

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 13 12% 17 16% 27

By Income
40 High Income (40) 3 8% 5 13% 13
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 5 17% 5 17% 8
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 2 7% 3 11% 6
7 Low Income (7) 3 43% 4 57% 0

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 3 21% 2 14% 4
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 0 0% 0 0% 3
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 3 19% 4 25% 7
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 0 0% 2 22% 1
5 South Asia (5) 0 0% 1 20% 1
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 4 24% 4 24% 1
16 Euro area countries (16) 0 0% 1 6% 3
8 Other EU members (8) 1 13% 1 13% 4
10 Other developed countries (10) 2 20% 2 20% 3

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 4 13% 5 16% 6
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 5 13% 6 16% 9
35 <5 million (35) 4 11% 6 17% 12
SING OF DOMESTIC ATMs AND POS TERMINALS TRANSACTIONS

Most networks are interconnected, All networks are interconnected,

enabling inter-network customer enabling inter-network customer Transactions are cleared and settled
transactions which result in inter- transactions which result in inter- through international networks
network clearing and settlement network clearing and settlement

ATM POS ATM POS ATM POS

% # % # % # % # % #

26% 27 26% 50 48% 37 35% 5 5% 7

33% 11 28% 22 55% 19 48% 0 0% 1

27% 8 27% 13 43% 9 30% 2 7% 2
21% 6 21% 13 46% 9 32% 3 11% 4
0% 2 29% 2 29% 0 0% 0 0% 0

29% 6 43% 6 43% 3 21% 1 7% 1

30% 3 30% 4 40% 3 30% 2 20% 2
44% 7 44% 6 38% 5 31% 0 0% 0
11% 0 0% 7 78% 4 44% 1 11% 2
20% 0 0% 2 40% 1 20% 0 0% 0
6% 3 18% 6 35% 4 24% 1 6% 1
19% 2 13% 13 81% 13 81% 0 0% 1
50% 2 25% 2 25% 1 13% 0 0% 0
30% 4 40% 4 40% 3 30% 0 0% 0

19% 7 22% 19 59% 14 44% 1 3% 1

24% 10 26% 19 50% 12 32% 1 3% 2
34% 10 29% 12 34% 11 31% 3 9% 4
 Transactions are cleared through
cleared and settled
international networks but settled in
ational networks
local currency at local settlement banks
Transactions are cleared through
international networks but settled in
local currency in central bank money

POS ATM POS ATM POS

% # % # % # % # %

7% 1 1% 6 6% 4 4% 7 7%

3% 0 0% 1 3% 1 3% 3 8%
7% 0 0% 1 3% 2 7% 3 10%
14% 1 4% 4 14% 1 4% 1 4%
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

7% 0 0% 1 7% 0 0% 0 0%
20% 0 0% 0 0% 2 20% 3 30%
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
22% 0 0% 1 11% 0 0% 0 0%
0% 0 0% 2 40% 0 0% 0 0%
6% 1 6% 1 6% 1 6% 1 6%
6% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 13% 3 38%
0% 0 0% 1 10% 0 0% 0 0%

3% 0 0% 3 9% 0 0% 1 3%
5% 0 0% 2 5% 1 3% 3 8%
11% 1 3% 1 3% 3 9% 3 9%
 TABLE III.14 INTERCHANGE FEES FOR PAYMENT CA

Authorities consider Authorities have taken actions,

interchange fees prevailing in or are considering taking
the card industry to be high action to address this issue

Central banks # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 53 50% 63

By Income
40 High Income (40) 16 40% 25
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 18 60% 18
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 17 61% 16
7 Low Income (7) 2 29% 4

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 7 50% 7
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 7 70% 6
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 9 56% 5
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 5 56% 5
5 South Asia (5) 4 80% 4
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 9 53% 10
16 Euro area countries (16) 7 44% 13
8 Other EU members (8) 1 13% 6
10 Other developed countries (10) 4 40% 7

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 15 47% 22
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 20 53% 24
35 <5 million (35) 18 51% 17
ANGE FEES FOR PAYMENT CARDS

orities have taken actions, There have been instances of There have been instances of
r are considering taking litigation on interchange fees litigation on interchange fees
ion to address this issue brought by the government brought by merchants

% # % # %

60% 9 9% 12 11%

63% 7 18% 6 15%

60% 1 3% 3 10%
57% 0 0% 1 4%
57% 1 14% 2 29%

50% 0 0% 1 7%
60% 0 0% 0 0%
31% 0 0% 2 13%
56% 0 0% 0 0%
80% 0 0% 0 0%
59% 2 12% 3 18%
81% 3 19% 1 6%
75% 2 25% 3 38%
70% 2 20% 2 20%

69% 4 13% 7 22%

63% 3 8% 4 11%
49% 2 6% 1 3%
 TABLE III.15.1 PAYMENT SWITCHES - TRANSAC

POS transactions ATM transactions

Payment switches # % # %

152 Worldwide total (152) 132 87% 128 84%

By Income
56 High Income (56) 50 89% 45 80%
47 Upper-middle Income (47) 43 91% 37 79%
41 Lower-middle Income (41) 32 78% 38 93%
8 Low Income (8) 7 88% 8 100%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 12 86% 12 86%
19 Europe and Central Asia (19) 18 95% 17 89%
28 Latin America and the Caribbean (28) 24 86% 20 71%
12 Middle East and North Africa (12) 8 67% 12 100%
9 South Asia (9) 6 67% 9 100%
18 Sub-Saharan Africa (18) 16 89% 17 94%
28 Euro area countries (28) 25 89% 23 82%
7 Other EU members (7) 7 100% 4 57%
17 Other developed countries (17) 16 94% 14 82%

By population size
57 >30 million (57) 52 91% 52 91%
53 >5 million, <30 million (53) 45 85% 42 79%
42 <5 million (42) 35 83% 34 81%
YMENT SWITCHES - TRANSACTIONS SUPPORTED

Transactions initiated
Support of EMV
Transactions initiated through other remote Funds transfer
transaction for ATM and
via the internet channels like mobile transactions
POS
phones

# % # % # % # %

112 74% 88 58% 69 45% 120 79%

40 71% 33 59% 20 36% 52 93%

38 81% 27 57% 17 36% 33 70%
29 71% 22 54% 26 63% 27 66%
5 63% 6 75% 6 75% 8 100%

9 64% 6 43% 11 79% 11 79%

15 79% 13 68% 10 53% 17 89%
21 75% 15 54% 10 36% 12 43%
7 58% 4 33% 2 17% 10 83%
5 56% 4 44% 5 56% 4 44%
14 78% 13 72% 12 67% 17 94%
23 82% 17 61% 10 36% 27 96%
7 100% 7 100% 2 29% 7 100%
11 65% 9 53% 7 41% 15 88%

44 77% 37 65% 27 47% 45 79%

41 77% 33 62% 26 49% 45 85%
27 64% 18 43% 16 38% 30 71%
 Other

# %

5 3%

1 2%
3 6%
1 2%
0 0%

0 0%
2 11%
0 0%
2 17%
0 0%
0 0%
1 4%
0 0%
0 0%

1 2%
0 0%
4 10%
 TABLE III.15.2 PAYMENT SWITCHES - OWNERSHIP STRUC

Consortium of a most
Consortium of a few
banks in the country
large banks
(say 80% of all banks)

Payment switches # % # %

152 Worldwide total (152) 46 30% 33 22%

By Income
56 High Income (56) 12 21% 15 27%
47 Upper-middle Income (47) 18 38% 9 19%
41 Lower-middle Income (41) 13 32% 7 17%
8 Low Income (8) 3 38% 2 25%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 6 43% 3 21%
19 Europe and Central Asia (19) 2 11% 2 11%
28 Latin America and the Caribbean (28) 20 71% 2 7%
12 Middle East and North Africa (12) 1 8% 3 25%
9 South Asia (9) 3 33% 2 22%
18 Sub-Saharan Africa (18) 5 28% 5 28%
28 Euro area countries (28) 4 14% 11 39%
7 Other EU members (7) 1 14% 1 14%
17 Other developed countries (17) 4 24% 4 24%

By population size
57 >30 million (57) 16 28% 19 33%
53 >5 million, <30 million (53) 22 42% 10 19%
42 <5 million (42) 8 19% 4 10%
WITCHES - OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE

Other Government Other private sector

Central Bank
bodies entities

# % # % # %

16 11% 6 4% 49 32%

2 4% 1 2% 24 43%
5 11% 2 4% 13 28%
8 20% 3 7% 10 24%
1 13% 0 0% 2 25%

3 21% 0 0% 5 36%
4 21% 0 0% 4 21%
0 0% 2 7% 7 25%
5 42% 2 17% 2 17%
2 22% 0 0% 1 11%
2 11% 1 6% 6 33%
0 0% 0 0% 10 36%
0 0% 0 0% 5 71%
0 0% 1 6% 9 53%

7 12% 2 4% 13 23%
5 9% 1 2% 17 32%
4 10% 3 7% 19 45%
 TABLE III.15.3 PAYMENT SWITCHES - SETTLEMENT FEATUR

Final settlement of net Final settlement takes place

positions takes place in Central Bank money, but
through a RTGS system not through a RTGS

Payment switches # % #

152 Worldwide total (152) 88 58% 23

By Income
56 High Income (56) 34 61% 7
47 Upper-middle Income (47) 27 57% 6
41 Lower-middle Income (41) 22 54% 9
8 Low Income (8) 5 63% 1

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 9 64% 5
19 Europe and Central Asia (19) 11 58% 2
28 Latin America and the Caribbean (28) 14 50% 3
12 Middle East and North Africa (12) 8 67% 2
9 South Asia (9) 1 11% 4
18 Sub-Saharan Africa (18) 14 78% 1
28 Euro area countries (28) 16 57% 4
7 Other EU members (7) 7 100% 0
17 Other developed countries (17) 8 47% 2

By population size
57 >30 million (57) 33 58% 8
53 >5 million, <30 million (53) 32 60% 9
42 <5 million (42) 23 55% 6
SWITCHES - SETTLEMENT FEATURES

al settlement takes place Final settlement takes place

Final settlement takes place
Central Bank money, but in commercial bank money
in another country
not through a RTGS inside the country

% # % # %

15% 38 25% 12 8%

13% 12 21% 3 5%
13% 12 26% 6 13%
22% 14 34% 1 2%
13% 0 0% 2 25%

36% 2 14% 0 0%
11% 9 47% 3 16%
11% 5 18% 3 11%
17% 5 42% 0 0%
44% 5 56% 0 0%
6% 0 0% 3 17%
14% 6 21% 1 4%
0% 0 0% 0 0%
12% 6 35% 2 12%

14% 13 23% 3 5%
17% 14 26% 2 4%
14% 11 26% 7 17%
 TABLE III.15.4 PAYMENT SWITCHES - PRICING

Free of charge Partial cost recovery

Payment switches # % # %

152 Worldwide total (152) 9 6% 11 7%

By Income
56 High Income (56) 1 2% 3 5%
47 Upper-middle Income (47) 4 9% 4 9%
41 Lower-middle Income (41) 4 10% 4 10%
8 Low Income (8) 0 0% 0 0%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 0 0% 1 7%
19 Europe and Central Asia (19) 1 5% 3 16%
28 Latin America and the Caribbean (28) 3 11% 0 0%
12 Middle East and North Africa (12) 2 17% 4 33%
9 South Asia (9) 1 11% 0 0%
18 Sub-Saharan Africa (18) 1 6% 1 6%
28 Euro area countries (28) 0 0% 0 0%
7 Other EU members (7) 0 0% 0 0%
17 Other developed countries (17) 1 6% 2 12%

By population size
57 >30 million (57) 1 2% 2 4%
53 >5 million, <30 million (53) 7 13% 4 8%
42 <5 million (42) 1 2% 5 12%
T SWITCHES - PRICING MODELS

Full cost recovery in

Full cost recovery addition to building a Other
surplus

# % # % # %

32 21% 83 55% 16 11%

12 21% 36 64% 7 13%

8 17% 24 51% 3 6%
8 20% 18 44% 6 15%
4 50% 5 63% 0 0%

3 21% 5 36% 5 36%

8 42% 4 21% 0 0%
1 4% 15 54% 3 11%
5 42% 6 50% 0 0%
0 0% 5 56% 3 33%
5 28% 11 61% 0 0%
7 25% 19 68% 4 14%
1 14% 6 86% 0 0%
2 12% 12 71% 1 6%

11 19% 31 54% 10 18%

12 23% 33 62% 2 4%
9 21% 19 45% 4 10%
 Gateway for foreign
transactions on domestic Operate ATM
cards and foreign cards terminals
used in the country

Payment switches # % # %

152 Worldwide total (152) 109 72% 65 43%

By Income
56 High Income (56) 41 73% 23 41%
47 Upper-middle Income (47) 34 72% 19 40%
41 Lower-middle Income (41) 28 68% 21 51%
8 Low Income (8) 6 75% 2 25%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 10 71% 10 71%
19 Europe and Central Asia (19) 12 63% 7 37%
28 Latin America and the Caribbean (28) 22 79% 15 54%
12 Middle East and North Africa (12) 9 75% 7 58%
9 South Asia (9) 1 11% 0 0%
18 Sub-Saharan Africa (18) 14 78% 4 22%
28 Euro area countries (28) 22 79% 15 54%
7 Other EU members (7) 7 100% 4 57%
17 Other developed countries (17) 12 71% 3 18%

By population size
57 >30 million (57) 39 68% 16 28%
53 >5 million, <30 million (53) 41 77% 27 51%
42 <5 million (42) 29 69% 22 52%
 TABLE III.15.5 PAYMENT SWITCHES - OTHER SERVICES

Host platform for

prepaid cards,
Operate POS Operate payment Manage merchant ATM cash
debit cards, credit
terminals card brand relationships management
cards and mobile
money

# % # % # % # % # %

77 51% 72 47% 63 41% 54 36% 30 20%

31 55% 29 52% 23 41% 22 39% 8 14%

25 53% 23 49% 17 36% 18 38% 9 19%
20 49% 18 44% 18 44% 11 27% 13 32%
1 13% 2 25% 5 63% 3 38% 0 0%

8 57% 10 71% 6 43% 5 36% 5 36%

7 37% 9 47% 8 42% 5 26% 5 26%
22 79% 16 57% 5 18% 13 46% 8 29%
6 50% 6 50% 8 67% 5 42% 3 25%
0 0% 1 11% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
3 17% 4 22% 13 72% 6 33% 1 6%
18 64% 14 50% 13 46% 9 32% 6 21%
4 57% 2 29% 2 29% 3 43% 0 0%
9 53% 10 59% 8 47% 8 47% 2 12%

19 33% 24 42% 21 37% 13 23% 3 5%

31 58% 26 49% 23 43% 24 45% 13 25%
27 64% 22 52% 19 45% 17 40% 14 33%
Act as counterparty Provide transaction
Provide settlement
for transactions statistics and Conduct market
guarantee to Other
cleared through the related analytical research
merchants
network reports

# % # % # % # % # %

32 21% 49 32% 117 77% 83 55% 9 6%

9 16% 19 34% 43 77% 30 54% 4 7%

10 21% 8 17% 33 70% 24 51% 5 11%
10 24% 20 49% 37 90% 25 61% 0 0%
3 38% 2 25% 4 50% 4 50% 0 0%

8 57% 6 43% 14 100% 13 93% 0 0%

5 26% 3 16% 13 68% 7 37% 3 16%
7 25% 9 32% 18 64% 14 50% 1 4%
2 17% 4 33% 11 92% 8 67% 0 0%
0 0% 6 67% 9 100% 5 56% 0 0%
3 17% 3 17% 13 72% 10 56% 0 0%
4 14% 11 39% 25 89% 19 68% 3 11%
1 14% 2 29% 4 57% 4 57% 1 14%
2 12% 5 29% 10 59% 3 18% 1 6%

3 5% 15 26% 46 81% 34 60% 3 5%

18 34% 21 40% 40 75% 32 60% 1 2%
11 26% 13 31% 31 74% 17 40% 5 12%
 TABLE III.15.6 PAYMENT SWITCHES - ACCESS

Commercial banks

No access allowed Direct access

Payment switches # % # %

152 Worldwide total (152) 3 2% 121 80%

By Income
56 High Income (56) 0 0% 40 71%
47 Upper-middle Income (47) 1 2% 42 89%
41 Lower-middle Income (41) 2 5% 31 76%
8 Low Income (8) 0 0% 8 100%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 0 0% 11 79%
19 Europe and Central Asia (19) 0 0% 15 79%
28 Latin America and the Caribbean (28) 0 0% 25 89%
12 Middle East and North Africa (12) 2 17% 10 83%
9 South Asia (9) 0 0% 8 89%
18 Sub-Saharan Africa (18) 1 6% 16 89%
28 Euro area countries (28) 0 0% 23 82%
7 Other EU members (7) 0 0% 1 14%
17 Other developed countries (17) 0 0% 12 71%

By population size
57 >30 million (57) 0 0% 51 89%
53 >5 million, <30 million (53) 2 4% 41 77%
42 <5 million (42) 1 2% 29 69%
- ACCESS

ommercial banks Banks other than commercial

Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access

# % # % # % # % # %

2 1% 10 7% 17 11% 59 39% 11 7%

2 4% 6 11% 3 5% 19 34% 6 11%

0 0% 0 0% 4 9% 24 51% 1 2%
0 0% 4 10% 9 22% 10 24% 4 10%
0 0% 0 0% 1 13% 6 75% 0 0%

0 0% 3 21% 1 7% 5 36% 1 7%
0 0% 0 0% 4 21% 2 11% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 3 11% 18 64% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 3 25% 5 42% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 3 33% 2 22% 1 11%
0 0% 1 6% 3 17% 8 44% 3 17%
2 7% 1 4% 0 0% 10 36% 6 21%
0 0% 3 43% 0 0% 1 14% 0 0%
0 0% 2 12% 0 0% 8 47% 0 0%

0 0% 0 0% 8 14% 26 46% 5 9%
2 4% 3 6% 2 4% 29 55% 3 6%
0 0% 7 17% 7 17% 4 10% 3 7%
ercial Money transfer operators (MTOs)

Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable

# % # % # % # % # %

44 29% 47 31% 9 6% 15 10% 57 38%

17 30% 23 41% 3 5% 6 11% 14 25%

15 32% 13 28% 4 9% 4 9% 19 40%
12 29% 10 24% 1 2% 2 5% 22 54%
0 0% 1 13% 1 13% 3 38% 2 25%

6 43% 3 21% 1 7% 1 7% 8 57%

10 53% 7 37% 0 0% 0 0% 9 47%
4 14% 3 11% 3 11% 3 11% 13 46%
4 33% 3 25% 2 17% 2 17% 5 42%
0 0% 4 44% 0 0% 0 0% 2 22%
3 17% 7 39% 1 6% 3 17% 6 33%
10 36% 14 50% 1 4% 6 21% 5 18%
3 43% 1 14% 0 0% 0 0% 3 43%
4 24% 5 29% 1 6% 0 0% 6 35%

8 14% 18 32% 3 5% 5 9% 17 30%

13 25% 15 28% 5 9% 7 13% 21 40%
23 55% 14 33% 1 2% 3 7% 19 45%
 Supervised NBFIs Unupe

No access allowed Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed

# % # % # % # % # %

35 23% 36 24% 20 13% 42 28% 59 39%

15 27% 13 23% 9 16% 9 16% 23 41%

9 19% 19 40% 0 0% 16 34% 18 38%
10 24% 3 7% 8 20% 15 37% 13 32%
1 13% 1 13% 3 38% 2 25% 5 63%

3 21% 2 14% 2 14% 7 50% 4 29%

4 21% 4 21% 0 0% 8 42% 7 37%
4 14% 13 46% 0 0% 8 29% 8 29%
2 17% 4 33% 0 0% 6 50% 4 33%
3 33% 0 0% 3 33% 1 11% 4 44%
7 39% 1 6% 6 33% 3 17% 11 61%
8 29% 7 25% 9 32% 2 7% 14 50%
0 0% 1 14% 0 0% 3 43% 1 14%
4 24% 4 24% 0 0% 4 24% 6 35%

17 30% 14 25% 10 18% 7 12% 23 40%

7 13% 12 23% 9 17% 20 38% 20 38%
11 26% 10 24% 1 2% 15 36% 16 38%
 Unupervised NBFIs Mobile network operators (MNOs)

Direct access Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access

# % # % # % # % # %

1 1% 7 5% 62 41% 48 32% 3 2%

0 0% 3 5% 18 32% 25 45% 1 2%
1 2% 0 0% 25 53% 13 28% 1 2%
0 0% 4 10% 17 41% 9 22% 1 2%
0 0% 0 0% 2 25% 1 13% 0 0%

0 0% 1 7% 8 57% 3 21% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 9 47% 8 42% 0 0%
1 4% 0 0% 16 57% 3 11% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 8 67% 4 33% 1 8%
0 0% 0 0% 1 11% 4 44% 0 0%
0 0% 3 17% 3 17% 5 28% 1 6%
0 0% 3 11% 9 32% 15 54% 1 4%
0 0% 0 0% 3 43% 1 14% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 5 29% 5 29% 0 0%

0 0% 7 12% 15 26% 19 33% 1 2%

1 2% 0 0% 26 49% 15 28% 0 0%
0 0% 0 0% 21 50% 14 33% 2 5%
e network operators (MNOs) Other non-financial institutions

Indirect access Not applicable No access allowed Direct access Indirect access

# % # % # % # % # %

15 10% 63 41% 30 20% 12 8% 1 1%

3 5% 16 29% 16 29% 3 5% 1 2%
3 6% 26 55% 2 4% 7 15% 0 0%
6 15% 18 44% 11 27% 2 5% 0 0%
3 38% 3 38% 1 13% 0 0% 0 0%

2 14% 8 57% 2 14% 0 0% 0 0%

0 0% 8 42% 4 21% 1 5% 0 0%
3 11% 19 68% 0 0% 3 11% 0 0%
3 25% 4 33% 1 8% 2 17% 0 0%
1 11% 0 0% 4 44% 0 0% 0 0%
3 17% 8 44% 3 17% 3 17% 0 0%
3 11% 7 25% 13 46% 2 7% 0 0%
0 0% 3 43% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
0 0% 6 35% 3 18% 1 6% 1 6%

6 11% 18 32% 10 18% 7 12% 1 2%

9 17% 24 45% 10 19% 3 6% 0 0%
0 0% 21 50% 10 24% 2 5% 0 0%
utions

Not applicable

# %

46 30%

12 21%
15 32%
16 39%
3 38%

5 36%
6 32%
11 39%
4 33%
0 0%
8 44%
6 21%
2 29%
4 24%

11 19%
19 36%
16 38%
 TABLE III.16 CENTRAL BANK ROLE IN THE PAYMENT CARD SW

No role in the
payment card Observer Stakeholder
switch(es)

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 62 59% 36 34% 25

By Income
40 High Income (40) 18 45% 8 20% 4
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 19 63% 12 40% 7
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 20 71% 13 46% 10
7 Low Income (7) 5 71% 3 43% 4

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 11 79% 7 50% 4
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 6 60% 3 30% 4
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 7 44% 6 38% 0
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 9 100% 8 89% 3
5 South Asia (5) 4 80% 2 40% 2
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 10 59% 4 24% 8
16 Euro area countries (16) 8 50% 4 25% 1
8 Other EU members (8) 3 38% 1 13% 2
10 Other developed countries (10) 4 40% 1 10% 1

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 27 84% 18 56% 9
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 19 50% 11 29% 12
35 <5 million (35) 16 46% 7 20% 4
IN THE PAYMENT CARD SWITCH(ES)

Member of the Provider of

Stakeholder Other
board of directors settlement services

% # % # % # %

24% 17 16% 50 48% 13 12%

10% 2 5% 12 30% 6 15%

23% 5 17% 15 50% 2 7%
36% 8 29% 18 64% 4 14%
57% 2 29% 5 71% 1 14%

29% 2 14% 9 64% 2 14%

40% 3 30% 6 60% 0 0%
0% 0 0% 3 19% 1 6%
33% 4 44% 9 100% 3 33%
40% 1 20% 3 60% 1 20%
47% 5 29% 10 59% 1 6%
6% 1 6% 6 38% 2 13%
25% 1 13% 3 38% 1 13%
10% 0 0% 1 10% 2 20%

28% 7 22% 21 66% 5 16%

32% 7 18% 18 47% 5 13%
11% 3 9% 11 31% 3 9%
 TABLE III.17 THE CENTRAL BANK OR GOVERNMENT MANDATES THE UTILIZATION OF A
DESIGNATED NATIONAL PAYMENT CARD SWITCH FOR THE CLEARING AND SETTLEMENT OF
DOMESTIC TRANSACTIONS

Yes, by moral
No Yes, by regulation
suasion

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 63 60% 24 23% 11

By Income
40 High Income (40) 35 88% 1 3% 4
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 15 50% 13 43% 2
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 10 36% 9 32% 4
7 Low Income (7) 3 43% 1 14% 1

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 6 43% 4 29% 2
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 5 50% 4 40% 1
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 12 75% 4 25% 0
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 3 33% 5 56% 1
5 South Asia (5) 0 0% 1 20% 3
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 6 35% 5 29% 1
16 Euro area countries (16) 15 94% 0 0% 2
8 Other EU members (8) 7 88% 1 13% 0
10 Other developed countries (10) 9 90% 0 0% 1

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 16 50% 11 34% 4
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 25 66% 7 18% 4
35 <5 million (35) 22 63% 6 17% 3
 ILIZATION OF A
D SETTLEMENT OF

Has the central

bank designated a
national payment
Yes, by moral card switch for the
suasion clearing and
settlement of all
domestic
transactions?

% # %

10% 18 17%

10% 3 8%
7% 6 20%
14% 8 29%
14% 1 14%

14% 3 21%
10% 2 20%
0% 1 6%
11% 5 56%
60% 2 40%
6% 3 18%
13% 1 6%
0% 0 0%
10% 1 10%

13% 9 28%
11% 6 16%
9% 3 9%
 TABLE III.18 NON-BANK INSTITUTIONS ISSUING NO

Financial cooperatives and credit

Microfinance institutions
unions

Number Only supervised Number

Central banks # % # % # %

105 Worldwide total (105) 19 18% 18 17% 30 29%

By Income
40 High Income (40) 3 8% 3 8% 19 48%
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 7 23% 7 23% 7 23%
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 7 25% 6 21% 3 11%
7 Low Income (7) 2 29% 2 29% 1 14%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 7 50% 6 43% 2 14%
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 1 10% 1 10% 0 0%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 2 13% 2 13% 11 69%
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 3 33% 3 33% 0 0%
5 South Asia (5) 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 4 24% 4 24% 2 12%
16 Euro area countries (16) 1 6% 0 0% 8 50%
8 Other EU members (8) 0 0% 0 0% 2 25%
10 Other developed countries (10) 1 10% 2 20% 5 50%

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 9 28% 8 25% 8 25%
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 6 16% 6 16% 12 32%
35 <5 million (35) 4 11% 4 11% 10 29%
K INSTITUTIONS ISSUING NON-CASH PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS

cial cooperatives and credit

unions Other non-
Other financial Mobile network
Postal network financial Other
institutions operators
Only supervised institutions

# % # % # % # % # % #

23 22% 40 38% 35 33% 31 30% 21 20% 11

13 33% 20 50% 14 35% 14 35% 10 25% 5

7 23% 12 40% 11 37% 7 23% 6 20% 4
2 7% 5 18% 8 29% 7 25% 4 14% 2
1 14% 3 43% 2 29% 3 43% 1 14% 0

1 7% 3 21% 2 14% 6 43% 4 29% 1

0 0% 4 40% 4 40% 1 10% 1 10% 1
9 56% 5 31% 2 13% 1 6% 3 19% 1
0 0% 2 22% 5 56% 2 22% 2 22% 1
0 0% 2 40% 3 60% 2 40% 1 20% 0
1 6% 5 29% 6 35% 7 41% 2 12% 1
5 31% 11 69% 9 56% 5 31% 3 19% 3
3 38% 3 38% 0 0% 1 13% 1 13% 2
4 40% 5 50% 4 40% 6 60% 4 40% 1

6 19% 12 38% 15 47% 10 31% 14 44% 3

10 26% 17 45% 12 32% 12 32% 5 13% 3
7 20% 11 31% 8 23% 9 26% 2 6% 5
Other

10%

13%
13%
7%
0%

7%
10%
6%
11%
0%
6%
19%
25%
10%

9%
8%
14%
 TABLE III.19 MEASURES TO PREVENT FRAUD IN PAYMENT CARD SYSTEMS

Common efforts by
Legal requirements
the banking
Industry-led applicable to
industry and
standards payment service
merchants’
providers/users
associations

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 87 83% 80 76% 83

By Income
40 High Income (40) 38 95% 36 90% 36
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 27 90% 23 77% 25
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 19 68% 18 64% 18
7 Low Income (7) 3 43% 3 43% 4

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 10 71% 9 64% 11
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 8 80% 8 80% 7
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 14 88% 13 81% 11
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 8 89% 9 100% 8
5 South Asia (5) 4 80% 3 60% 4
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 10 59% 9 53% 10
16 Euro area countries (16) 15 94% 14 88% 16
8 Other EU members (8) 8 100% 7 88% 8
10 Other developed countries (10) 10 100% 8 80% 8

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 30 94% 28 88% 31
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 31 82% 31 82% 29
35 <5 million (35) 26 74% 21 60% 23
ENT CARD SYSTEMS

Legal requirements
applicable to
Other
payment service
providers/users

% # %

79% 12 11%

90% 6 15%
83% 3 10%
64% 2 7%
57% 1 14%

79% 0 0%
70% 2 20%
69% 0 0%
89% 0 0%
80% 1 20%
59% 3 18%
100% 3 19%
100% 2 25%
80% 1 10%

97% 6 19%
76% 3 8%
66% 3 9%
 TABLE III.20 INNOVATIV

Card based (e.g. e-money, prepaid cards,

gift cards)

Computer/server
based
Chip cards with an Magnetic stripe
electronic purse cards or chip cards

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 63 60% 63 60% 64

By Income
40 High Income (40) 25 63% 28 70% 33
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 22 73% 17 57% 16
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 13 46% 15 54% 13
7 Low Income (7) 3 43% 3 43% 2

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 8 57% 6 43% 9
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 7 70% 6 60% 7
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 5 31% 6 38% 2
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 8 89% 6 67% 6
5 South Asia (5) 2 40% 3 60% 2
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 10 59% 9 53% 6
16 Euro area countries (16) 11 69% 13 81% 15
8 Other EU members (8) 4 50% 7 88% 7
10 Other developed countries (10) 8 80% 7 70% 10

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 26 81% 23 72% 25
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 21 55% 25 66% 22
35 <5 million (35) 16 46% 15 43% 17
TABLE III.20 INNOVATIVE RETAIL PAYMENT PRODUCTS IN USE

Mobile phone based

Internet service
used to access an
Mobile phone as an
innovative product
Computer/server e-purse or e-wallet, Mobile phone is All account information
account maintained
based used to store a pre- used to access an Mobile operators required to initiate a
in a central
paid amount for account maintained offer postpaid transaction is available
infrastructure /
making payments at a central mobile payments on mobile, and is used to
payment processor
and money infrastructure initiate a transaction
transfers

% # % # % # % # % #

61% 65 62% 61 58% 79 75% 39 37% 56

83% 30 75% 27 68% 35 88% 24 60% 27

53% 19 63% 14 47% 20 67% 8 27% 15
46% 14 50% 17 61% 21 75% 5 18% 11
29% 2 29% 3 43% 3 43% 2 29% 3

64% 9 64% 11 79% 10 71% 4 29% 9

70% 8 80% 2 20% 8 80% 2 20% 6
13% 5 31% 6 38% 7 44% 2 13% 4
67% 9 100% 5 56% 8 89% 2 22% 3
40% 0 0% 3 60% 4 80% 2 40% 3
35% 6 35% 9 53% 11 65% 5 29% 9
94% 12 75% 11 69% 15 94% 11 69% 11
88% 6 75% 5 63% 7 88% 5 63% 4
100% 10 100% 9 90% 9 90% 6 60% 7

78% 26 81% 26 81% 26 81% 17 53% 20

58% 23 61% 24 63% 31 82% 10 26% 23
49% 16 46% 11 31% 22 63% 12 34% 13
 All account information
Other mechanisms
required to initiate a
transaction is available
on mobile, and is used to
initiate a transaction

% # %

53% 6 6%

68% 2 5%
50% 1 3%
39% 3 11%
43% 0 0%

64% 1 7%
60% 1 10%
25% 0 0%
33% 2 22%
60% 0 0%
53% 0 0%
69% 1 6%
50% 0 0%
70% 1 10%

63% 3 9%
61% 1 3%
37% 2 6%
 TABLE III.21 INNOVATIVE ACCESS CHANNELS TO A BANK ACCOUNT FOR PAYMENT

ATM for remote

Mobile banking Internet banking access to operate
the bank account

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 96 91% 100 95% 80

By Income
40 High Income (40) 40 100% 40 100% 30
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 28 93% 29 97% 24
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 24 86% 25 89% 21
7 Low Income (7) 4 57% 6 86% 5

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 12 86% 12 86% 10
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 10 100% 10 100% 10
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 14 88% 16 100% 12
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 9 100% 9 100% 8
5 South Asia (5) 4 80% 4 80% 3
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 14 82% 15 88% 12
16 Euro area countries (16) 16 100% 16 100% 14
8 Other EU members (8) 8 100% 8 100% 3
10 Other developed countries (10) 9 90% 10 100% 8

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 32 100% 32 100% 30
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 35 92% 36 95% 26
35 <5 million (35) 29 83% 32 91% 24
K ACCOUNT FOR PAYMENT PURPOSES

Other non-bank
remote access
POS terminals that payment
ATM for remote
are magnetic mechanisms – TV
access to operate
stripe, biometric based, kiosk,
the bank account
and chip enabled telephone,
interactive voice
response

% # % # %

76% 75 71% 50 48%

75% 31 78% 19 48%

80% 21 70% 18 60%
75% 18 64% 11 39%
71% 5 71% 2 29%

71% 12 86% 5 36%

100% 9 90% 8 80%
75% 11 69% 6 38%
89% 5 56% 4 44%
60% 2 40% 2 40%
71% 12 71% 7 41%
88% 12 75% 9 56%
38% 5 63% 3 38%
80% 7 70% 6 60%

94% 21 66% 18 56%

68% 26 68% 17 45%
69% 28 80% 15 43%
 TABLE III.23.1 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENTS
(MOS

Public sector salaries

Paper - based
Electronic
Cash payment
instruments
instruments
Central Banks # % # % #

53 Worldwide total (53) 1 2% 7 13% 43

By Income
22 High Income (22) 0 0% 3 14% 19
15 Upper-middle Income (15) 0 0% 1 7% 13
13 Lower-middle Income (13) 1 8% 3 23% 9
3 Low Income (3) 0 0% 0 0% 2

By region
4 East Asia and the Pacific (4) 1 25% 0 0% 3
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 0 0% 1 13% 7
10 Latin America and the Caribbean (10) 0 0% 3 30% 6
5 Middle East and North Africa (5) 0 0% 3 60% 2
1 South Asia (1) 0 0% 0 0% 1
9 Sub-Saharan Africa (9) 0 0% 0 0% 8
11 Euro area members (11) 0 0% 0 0% 11
2 Other EU members (2) 0 0% 0 0% 2
3 Other developed countries (3) 0 0% 0 0% 3

By population size
12 >30 million (12) 1 8% 0 0% 9
19 >5 million, <30 million (19) 0 0% 2 11% 17
22 <5 million (22) 0 0% 5 23% 17
3.1 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENTS FOR GOVERNMENT TO PERSON PAYMENTS
(MOST USED)

s Pensions and transfer payments Cash transfers and social benefits

Paper - based Paper - based
Electronic Electronic
Cash payment Cash payment
instruments instruments
instruments instruments
% # % # % # % # % #

81% 1 2% 8 15% 37 70% 5 9% 7

86% 0 0% 2 9% 17 77% 0 0% 2
87% 0 0% 2 13% 12 80% 1 7% 1
69% 1 8% 3 23% 7 54% 3 23% 4
67% 0 0% 1 33% 1 33% 1 33% 0

75% 0 0% 0 0% 1 25% 0 0% 1
88% 1 13% 2 25% 5 63% 1 13% 1
60% 0 0% 3 30% 6 60% 1 10% 3
40% 0 0% 2 40% 3 60% 0 0% 2
100% 0 0% 0 0% 1 100% 1 100% 0
89% 0 0% 1 11% 7 78% 2 22% 0
100% 0 0% 0 0% 10 91% 0 0% 0
100% 0 0% 0 0% 1 50% 0 0% 0
100% 0 0% 0 0% 3 100% 0 0% 0

75% 0 0% 0 0% 9 75% 0 0% 0
89% 0 0% 2 11% 14 74% 4 21% 2
77% 1 5% 6 27% 14 64% 1 5% 5
ransfers and social benefits
Paper - based
Electronic
payment
instruments
instruments
% # %

13% 29 55%

9% 16 73%
7% 9 60%
31% 3 23%
0% 1 33%

25% 1 25%
13% 3 38%
30% 4 40%
40% 2 40%
0% 0 0%
0% 6 67%
0% 9 82%
0% 2 100%
0% 2 67%

0% 8 67%
11% 9 47%
23% 12 55%
 TABLE III.23.2 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENT
(MO

Taxes

Paper - based
Electronic
Cash payment
instruments
instruments
Central Banks # % # % #

53 Worldwide total (53) 6 11% 14 26% 19

By Income
22 High Income (22) 0 0% 3 14% 11
15 Upper-middle Income (15) 1 7% 4 27% 4
13 Lower-middle Income (13) 2 15% 5 38% 3
3 Low Income (3) 3 100% 2 67% 1

By region
4 East Asia and the Pacific (4) 0 0% 3 75% 0
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 1 13% 2 25% 3
10 Latin America and the Caribbean (10) 0 0% 3 30% 1
5 Middle East and North Africa (5) 1 20% 1 20% 0
1 South Asia (1) 0 0% 0 0% 1
9 Sub-Saharan Africa (9) 4 44% 3 33% 4
11 Euro area members (11) 0 0% 2 18% 6
2 Other EU members (2) 0 0% 0 0% 1
3 Other developed countries (3) 0 0% 0 0% 3

By population size
12 >30 million (12) 1 8% 2 17% 3
19 >5 million, <30 million (19) 2 11% 4 21% 8
22 <5 million (22) 3 14% 8 36% 8
.2 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENTS FOR PERSON TO GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS
(MOST USED)

Utility payments Payment for services

Paper - based Paper - based

Electronic Electronic
Cash payment Cash payment
instruments instruments
instruments instruments

% # % # % # % # % #

36% 13 25% 7 13% 15 28% 13 25% 4

50% 2 9% 2 9% 13 59% 2 9% 1
27% 4 27% 1 7% 1 7% 2 13% 2
23% 5 38% 3 23% 1 8% 6 46% 1
33% 2 67% 1 33% 0 0% 3 100% 0

0% 2 50% 0 0% 0 0% 2 50% 1
38% 1 13% 1 13% 1 13% 1 13% 2
10% 3 30% 1 10% 1 10% 1 10% 0
0% 2 40% 1 20% 2 40% 1 20% 0
100% 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1 100% 0
44% 4 44% 2 22% 0 0% 6 67% 0
55% 1 9% 1 9% 6 55% 0 0% 1
50% 0 0% 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 0
100% 0 0% 0 0% 3 100% 1 33% 0

25% 2 17% 0 0% 2 17% 2 17% 1

42% 5 26% 3 16% 7 37% 5 26% 0
36% 6 27% 4 18% 6 27% 6 27% 3
Payment for services

Paper - based
Electronic
payment
instruments
instruments

% # %

8% 17 32%

5% 13 59%
13% 2 13%
8% 2 15%
0% 0 0%

25% 1 25%
25% 2 25%
0% 1 10%
0% 2 40%
0% 0 0%
0% 1 11%
9% 6 55%
0% 2 100%
0% 2 67%

8% 1 8%
0% 9 47%
14% 7 32%
 TABLE III.23.3 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENTS FOR GOVERNMENT TO BUSI
(MOST USED)

Procurement of goods and services

Paper - based
Electronic
Cash payment
instruments
instruments
Central Banks # % # % #

53 Worldwide total (53) 0 0% 10 19% 33

By Income
22 High Income (22) 0 0% 1 5% 17
15 Upper-middle Income (15) 0 0% 1 7% 10
13 Lower-middle Income (13) 0 0% 6 46% 5
3 Low Income (3) 0 0% 2 67% 1

By region
4 East Asia and the Pacific (4) 0 0% 3 75% 0
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 0 0% 1 13% 6
10 Latin America and the Caribbean (10) 0 0% 1 10% 4
5 Middle East and North Africa (5) 0 0% 2 40% 2
1 South Asia (1) 0 0% 1 100% 0
9 Sub-Saharan Africa (9) 0 0% 2 22% 7
11 Euro area members (11) 0 0% 0 0% 9
2 Other EU members (2) 0 0% 0 0% 2
3 Other developed countries (3) 0 0% 0 0% 3

By population size
12 >30 million (12) 0 0% 2 17% 7
19 >5 million, <30 million (19) 0 0% 4 21% 11
22 <5 million (22) 0 0% 4 18% 15
FOR GOVERNMENT TO BUSINESS PAYMENTS
T USED)

services Tax refunds

Paper - based
Electronic Electronic
Cash payment
instruments instruments
instruments
% # % # % # %

62% 1 2% 12 23% 29 55%

77% 0 0% 3 14% 16 73%

67% 0 0% 1 7% 8 53%
38% 1 8% 6 46% 4 31%
33% 0 0% 2 67% 1 33%

0% 0 0% 2 50% 1 25%
75% 0 0% 1 13% 5 63%
40% 0 0% 3 30% 3 30%
40% 1 20% 2 40% 1 20%
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
78% 0 0% 4 44% 5 56%
82% 0 0% 0 0% 9 82%
100% 0 0% 0 0% 2 100%
100% 0 0% 0 0% 3 100%

58% 0 0% 1 8% 8 67%
58% 1 5% 4 21% 9 47%
68% 0 0% 7 32% 12 55%
 TABLE III.23.4 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENTS
(MO

Taxes
Paper - based
Electronic
Cash payment
instruments
instruments
Central Banks # % # % #

53 Worldwide total (53) 1 2% 16 30% 21

By Income
22 High Income (22) 0 0% 5 23% 11
15 Upper-middle Income (15) 0 0% 3 20% 4
13 Lower-middle Income (13) 0 0% 6 46% 5
3 Low Income (3) 1 33% 2 67% 1

By region
4 East Asia and the Pacific (4) 0 0% 2 50% 1
8 Europe and Central Asia (8) 0 0% 3 38% 4
10 Latin America and the Caribbean (10) 0 0% 2 20% 2
5 Middle East and North Africa (5) 0 0% 1 20% 0
1 South Asia (1) 0 0% 1 100% 0
9 Sub-Saharan Africa (9) 1 11% 5 56% 3
11 Euro area members (11) 0 0% 1 9% 7
2 Other EU members (2) 0 0% 0 0% 2
3 Other developed countries (3) 0 0% 1 33% 2

By population size
12 >30 million (12) 1 8% 1 8% 4
19 >5 million, <30 million (19) 0 0% 5 26% 9
22 <5 million (22) 0 0% 10 45% 8
4 PAYMENTS INSTRUMENTS FOR BUSINESS TO GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS
(MOST USED)

Utility payments Payment for services

Paper - based Paper - based
Electronic Electronic
Cash payment Cash payment
instruments instruments
instruments instruments
% # % # % # % # % #

40% 1 2% 9 17% 19 36% 5 9% 9

50% 0 0% 1 5% 13 59% 0 0% 1
27% 0 0% 2 13% 1 7% 0 0% 3
38% 0 0% 5 38% 4 31% 3 23% 5
33% 1 33% 1 33% 1 33% 2 67% 0

25% 0 0% 2 50% 1 25% 0 0% 2

50% 0 0% 2 25% 2 25% 0 0% 3
20% 0 0% 1 10% 1 10% 0 0% 2
0% 0 0% 1 20% 2 40% 1 20% 1
0% 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 1 100% 0
33% 1 11% 2 22% 2 22% 3 33% 1
64% 0 0% 0 0% 7 64% 0 0% 0
100% 0 0% 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 0
67% 0 0% 0 0% 2 67% 0 0% 0

33% 0 0% 1 8% 3 25% 1 8% 0
47% 1 5% 3 16% 9 47% 3 16% 3
36% 0 0% 5 23% 7 32% 1 5% 6
Payment for services
Paper - based
Electronic
payment
instruments
instruments
% # %

17% 23 43%

5% 15 68%
20% 3 20%
38% 4 31%
0% 1 33%

50% 1 25%
38% 3 38%
20% 1 10%
20% 2 40%
0% 0 0%
11% 4 44%
0% 7 64%
0% 2 100%
0% 3 100%

0% 3 25%
16% 10 53%
27% 10 45%
 TABLE III.23.5 MIGRATION OF G

The following Government-to-person payments will be

migrated to pre-paid cards within a year

Public sector Pensions and Cash transfers and

salaries transfer payments social benefits

Central banks # % # % #

105 Worldwide total (105) 8 8% 9 9% 14

By Income
40 High Income (40) 0 0% 0 0% 1
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 3 10% 4 13% 4
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 4 14% 4 14% 8
7 Low Income (7) 1 14% 1 14% 1

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 2 14% 2 14% 2
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 0 0% 0 0% 1
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 1 6% 1 6% 2
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 2 22% 2 22% 3
5 South Asia (5) 1 20% 1 20% 3
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 2 12% 3 18% 3
16 Euro area countries (16) 0 0% 0 0% 0
8 Other EU members (8) 0 0% 0 0% 0
10 Other developed countries (10) 0 0% 0 0% 0

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 6 19% 6 19% 8
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 0 0% 0 0% 2
35 <5 million (35) 2 6% 3 9% 4
BLE III.23.5 MIGRATION OF GOVERNMENT TRANSFERS TO ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS

payments will be The following Government-to-person payments will be The main objective
thin a year migrated to direct deposit within a year underlying the
The main objective
migration of
underlying the
government-to-
migration of
person payments
government-to-
to electronic
person payments
payments is to
to electronic
Cash transfers and Public sector Pensions and Cash transfers and increase the
payments is an
social benefits salaries transfer payments social benefits efficiency of the
explicit financial
National Treasury
inclusion objective
and/or reduce
operational costs

% # % # % # % # % #

13% 24 23% 22 21% 22 21% 23 22% 29

3% 4 10% 4 10% 4 10% 4 10% 5

13% 8 27% 7 23% 7 23% 5 17% 8
29% 9 32% 8 29% 8 29% 12 43% 14
14% 3 43% 3 43% 3 43% 2 29% 2

14% 6 43% 5 36% 5 36% 4 29% 6

10% 2 20% 1 10% 2 20% 2 20% 2
13% 4 25% 4 25% 4 25% 3 19% 2
33% 4 44% 4 44% 4 44% 5 56% 7
60% 2 40% 2 40% 2 40% 4 80% 3
18% 6 35% 6 35% 5 29% 5 29% 8
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0

25% 11 34% 10 31% 9 28% 10 31% 12

5% 6 16% 6 16% 7 18% 7 18% 8
11% 7 20% 6 17% 6 17% 6 17% 9
The main objective
underlying the
migration of Payments to the
Government- to-
government-to- government will be
business payments
person payments required to be done
will be migrated
to electronic mostly or solely
within a year to
payments is to through banks
direct deposit to
increase the (and/or other
the account of the
efficiency of the deposit
beneficiary
National Treasury institutions)
and/or reduce
operational costs

% # % # %

28% 20 19% 23 22%

13% 6 15% 5 13%

27% 6 20% 5 17%
50% 5 18% 10 36%
29% 3 43% 3 43%

43% 4 29% 4 29%

20% 1 10% 2 20%
13% 3 19% 2 13%
78% 5 56% 5 56%
60% 0 0% 3 60%
47% 6 35% 6 35%
6% 1 6% 1 6%
0% 0 0% 0 0%
0% 0 0% 0 0%

38% 7 22% 9 28%

21% 5 13% 5 13%
26% 8 23% 9 26%
 TABLE III.24 PROCESS UNDERLYING DISBURSEMENT OF GOV

The Ministry of Finance (through the

National Treasury or equivalent)
deposits funds to the accounts of the
various government agencies, which in
turn make the payment to the intended
beneficiary

Central banks # %

105 Worldwide total (105) 55 52%

By Income
40 High Income (40) 23 58%
30 Upper-middle Income (30) 10 33%
28 Lower-middle Income (28) 17 61%
7 Low Income (7) 5 71%

By region
14 East Asia and the Pacific (14) 7 50%
10 Europe and Central Asia (10) 4 40%
16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 8 50%
9 Middle East and North Africa (9) 5 56%
5 South Asia (5) 4 80%
17 Sub-Saharan Africa (17) 9 53%
16 Euro area countries (16) 7 44%
8 Other EU members (8) 4 50%
10 Other developed countries (10) 7 70%

By population size
32 >30 million (32) 19 59%
38 >5 million, <30 million (38) 23 61%
35 <5 million (35) 13 37%
NDERLYING DISBURSEMENT OF GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS

The Ministry of Finance (through the National
Treasury or equivalent) makes all payments
directly to the beneficiary upon request by the
executing agency, at least for what concerns
payments of the central government
With regard to collections of the central
government (taxes, duties, rights, etc.),
are the funds transferred directly to, and
concentrated/consolidated at the account
of the National Treasury (or equivalent)?

# % # %

34 32% 78 74%

11 28% 25 63%
14 47% 24 80%
8 29% 24 86%
1 14% 5 71%

4 29% 11 79%
6 60% 10 100%
6 38% 12 75%
3 33% 8 89%
0 0% 3 60%
6 35% 14 82%
5 31% 10 63%
1 13% 3 38%
3 30% 7 70%

9 28% 27 84%
11 29% 24 63%
14 40% 27 77%