『디지털 신기술 인재양성

혁신공유대학사업』

수소연료전지 개론
11 주차: 수소연료전지 특성 측정 1

일자: 2022. 05. 09

강의자: 김 필 교수
강의 개요

1. 강의 목표
◉ 고분자전해질형 연료전지의 특성평가 방법을 이해할 수 있다

◉ 특성평가를 위한 전기화학적인 기본 현상을 이해할 수 있다

◉ 막-전극 접합체의 소재의 특성이 셀 성능에 미치는 영향을 이해할 수 있다

2. 강의내용
◉ 고분자전해질형 연료전지의 특성평가 방법 소개

◉ 단위전지 제작 및 성능평가

◉ 전극 촉매의 활성면적 측정방법

 Fuel cell characterizations
1. To separate good fuel cells from bad fuel cells
2. To understand why a given fuel cell performs the way it does

• Overall performance (i-V curve, power density)

• Kinetic properties (ηact, jo, α, electrochemically active surface are)
• Ohmic properties (Rohmic, electrolyte conductivity, contact resistances,
electrode resistances, interconnect resistances)
• Mass transport properties (jL, Deff, pressure losses, reactant/product homogeneity)
• Parasitic losses (jleak, side reactions, fuel crossover)
• Electrode structure (porosity, tortuosity, conductivity)
• Catalyst structure (thickness, porosity, catalyst loading, particle size,
electrochemically active surface area, catalyst utilization,
triple-phase boundary, ionic conductivity, electrical conductivity)
• Flow structure (pressure drop, gas distribution, conductivity)
• Heat generation/heat balance
• Lifetime issues (lifetime testing, degradation, cycling, startup/shutdown, failure,
Corrosion, fatigue)
 Characterization techniques

1. Electrochemical characterization techniques

Current-Voltage measurement
Potential sweep methods (LSV, CV)
Current interrupt measurement
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)

2. Ex-situ characterization techniques

Porosity determination
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement
Gas permeability
Chemical determination
Crystal structure….
 Electrochemical characterizations
• Steady-state j-V measurement
1. Potentiostatic techniques
• Potential sweep method
2. Galvanostatic techniques
• Current interrupt measurement
• Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
 Current-voltage measurement
• Steady state must be ensured
-Voltage and current readings with constant values (not change with time)
-Relaxation time to steady state due to the subtle changes
(temperature, reactant concentration) that take time to propagate
through the fuel cell
-The larger the fuel cell, the slower the approach to steady state
• The test conditions should be noted
-Warm-up
-Temperature
-Pressure
-Flow rate
-Compression force
 MEA 제작 및 단위전지 체결

1. Membrane 전처리

2. 촉매 잉크 제조

Pt/C
Solvent
Ionomer
 MEA 제작 및 단위전지 체결
3. 촉매층 제조

CCG
CCM
Catalyst coated
Catalyst coated membrane
gas diffusion layer

CCM GDL
 MEA 제작 및 단위전지 체결
4. Hot-pressing 및 체결
 단위전지 측정결과 분석

OCV (Open Circuit Voltage)

Polarization & Overpotential
Fuel Crossover
 단위전지 측정결과 분석
Basic electrode reaction kinetics
What is current?

Exchange current
Limiting current
 단위전지 측정결과 분석

Current-overpotential equation

Butler-Volmer equation (i < 0.1il)

Tafel behavior at large η

η > 118 mV at 25oC

단위전지 측정결과 분석
전극촉매 성능평가-활성면적 측정
 전극촉매 성능평가-활성면적 측정
Sweep voltammetry
전극촉매 성능평가-활성면적 측정
 전극촉매 성능평가-활성면적 측정

fcc, Pt(100)
 전극촉매 성능평가-활성면적 측정
단위전지
Anode: H2, Ref, Counter
Cathode: N2, Working
전극촉매 성능평가-백금면적 측정
Scherrer equation

Surface area of Pt
=ρd/6000
감사합니다.