URDANETACITYUNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

Course Code: Q408

Subject: PLANNING 1 - SITE PLANNING & LANDSCAPING
ARCHITECTURE

Requirement No.: 06
Requirement Title: “LANDSCAPE PLANT MATERIALS”
Date Given: June 1, 2023
Date Due: June 8, 2023
Before 2 PM

Submitted by:

Name: Lawrenz Dave B. Aquino

Student No.: 20200733

Submitted to:

Arch’t. Maria Teresa Cuares-Velasco, MA EHURP

CEA- Instructor
 i

Page

COVER PAGE -

TABLE OF CONTENTS i

Questions
1 What is Landscape Materials 1-3

2 List of Plants 3-11

3 Small plants 12-24

4 Medium plants 24-26

5 Large Shrubs 27-33

Small plants details 34-36

Medium plants details 37-39

Large shrubs details 40-43

Tall Shrub 43-47

Different Type of Grass 47-51

Different Type of House Plant 52-62

References 63
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LANDSCAPE MATERIALS

Landscape Materials means living plants, such as trees, shrubs, vines, ground
cover, flowers and grasses. It may include such nonliving features as bark,
wood chips, rock, brick, stone or similar materials (monolithic paving not
included) and structural and/or decorative features such as fountains, pools,
gazebos, walls, fences, benches, light fixtures, sculpture pieces, and earthen
Berms, terraces and mounds.

Landscape materials are the various substances, elements, or components used

in the design, construction, and enhancement of outdoor spaces. These
materials play a crucial role in creating functional, aesthetic, and sustainable
landscapes. They encompass a wide range of items, from natural elements like
soil, plants, rocks, and water features to synthetic materials like pavers, lighting
fixtures, and decorative elements.

One of the fundamental landscape materials is soil. Different types of soil, such
as topsoil, compost, and peat moss, are used to prepare the ground for
planting and improve the fertility and drainage of the soil. Soil amendments like
mulch help retain moisture, control weed growth, and provide nutrients to
plants.

Plants and trees are essential landscape materials that bring life and beauty to
outdoor spaces. They provide visual appeal, shade, privacy, and contribute to a
healthy ecosystem. Choosing the right plants for a landscape involves
considering factors like climate, sun exposure, soil conditions, and water
requirements. Trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses can be strategically placed to
create focal points, define boundaries, and add color and texture to the
landscape.

Rocks and stones serve both functional and aesthetic purposes in landscaping.
Boulders, pebbles, gravel, and crushed stone can be used for erosion control,
drainage, and creating pathways. They also add visual interest and texture to
the landscape. Rock formations and retaining walls can be constructed to add
dimension and create terraced areas.
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Pavers and stones are landscape materials used for creating functional outdoor
surfaces. Concrete pavers, natural stone tiles, brick, and flagstone are
commonly used for pathways, patios, driveways, and outdoor living spaces.
They provide a durable and aesthetically pleasing surface that enhances the
usability and visual appeal of the landscape.

Wood and timber are popular materials for constructing outdoor structures like
decks, fences, pergolas, and trellises. Different types of wood, such as timber,
cedar, and redwood, are used for their durability, natural beauty, and resistance
to weathering. These structures not only provide functional elements but also
add architectural interest and create cozy outdoor living spaces.

Water features, such as ponds, fountains, waterfalls, and streams, are created
using various landscape materials. Pond liners, stones, pumps, filters, and
decorative elements are used to design and construct these features, adding
tranquility, movement, and a sense of serenity to the landscape.

Lighting is another important component of landscape materials. Outdoor

lighting fixtures, such as LED lights, solar-powered lights, and low-voltage
lighting systems, are used to illuminate and highlight different elements of the
landscape. They enhance safety and security, extend the usability of outdoor
spaces, and create a captivating ambiance during the evening hours.

Irrigation systems are crucial landscape materials for efficient water distribution
and maintenance of the landscape. Components like pipes, sprinklers, valves,
and controllers are used to ensure that plants receive the right amount of water
while minimizing water waste.

Synthetic materials have gained popularity in landscaping for their low-

maintenance properties. Artificial turf provides a green and visually appealing
alternative to natural grass, requiring less water and maintenance. Composite
decking offers a durable and weather-resistant option for outdoor flooring.
Synthetic edging materials can be used to create clean borders and separate
different areas in the landscape.
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Lastly, decorative elements like statues, sculptures, garden ornaments,

decorative pots, and containers add artistic flair and focal points to outdoor
spaces. These landscape materials help personalize the design and create
unique and inviting landscapes.

In summary, landscape materials encompass a wide array of substances,

elements, and components used to create and enhance outdoor spaces. From
soil and plants to rocks, pavers, lighting fixtures, and decorative elements,
these materials are carefully selected and combined to achieve functional,
aesthetic, and sustainable landscapes.

A LIST OF PLANTS

General growing considerations

The best advice in plant selection is to find the right plant for the right place.
Plant hardiness zones are a starting point since they are based on winter
temperatures. In determining where a plant will survive, however, you need to
consider other factors as well, including frost occurrence, seasonal rainfall
distribution, humidity, soil characteristics, water availability, and duration and
intensity of sunlight. These factors bear little relationship to average winter
temperatures. Every plant tolerates a range of conditions for each of these
factors. The combined effects of all of them determine true plant adaptability.
Before selecting a plant, consider your site and determine what, if any,
environmental conditions exist that might cause problems for the plant.
Analyze the site. What elements will the plant be exposed to (full sun, shade,
wind, reflected heat)? What are the soil conditions (fertile or poor, high or low
pH, depth of soil, drainage)? Select carefully to ensure that the plant will live
and thrive in your yard. Some plants, such as rhododendrons and azaleas,
prefer acid soils (low pH) and may require periodic soil amendments if your soil
normally is alkaline or near neutral. Most other woody plants grow well across a
wide range of soil pH, from acid to alkaline.
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When choosing a plant, the first question to ask yourself is "How large a plant
do I need?" Thus, the lists in this publication are organized by height groups.
Once you find the right height group, consider these factors:

• Where will the plant be located—in sun or shade?

• In which climate zone will it be planted?

• What shape or manner of growth do I want?

• What special features am I looking for?

Choose a plant that matches your site's growing conditions and also meets your
other desires, such as for a certain color of flower or a particular manner of
growth.

Plant hardiness zones Plant hardiness zones depict minimum winter

temperatures. (See map on page 4.) A plant species that flourishes in one part
of a given zone is likely to be adaptable in other parts of the same zone or in a
warmer zone. Some gardeners question a zone rating when a plant fails to
survive its first winter. A single test, however, rarely is reliable. A small, young
plant may be tender, but may become quite hardy as it grows older. Other
conditions also may affect the degree of hardiness. Furthermore, no single
winter is quite average; some are more severe than others in suddenness of
freezing or in severity of frost. Just because a plant may survive in a given zone
does not necessarily mean it should be recommended for planting there. Abelia
grandiflora, for example, usually survives as a low-growing, winter-retarded
specimen in the colder areas of zone 6 or even in zone 5. It develops and
flowers normally, however, in zone 7. This species, therefore, is properly
recommended only for zones 7 and above. There are many ways to develop
microclimates that allow a tender plant to grow in an otherwise inhospitable
zone. For example, you can control soil fertility and water availability to some
extent. Other factors, such as temperature, are largely beyond your control, but
do have predictable yearly averages. Frost dates, length of growing season, and
minimum winter temperatures are among the least readily controlled of the
major factors that govern the adaptability of plants.
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Frost occurrence

Average first and last frost days have been calculated for each plant hardiness
zone. These dates give gardeners an indication of when to expect the first frost
of the fall as well as the last frost of winter. However, air temperature and
movement also are important factors in frost occurrence and may create
microclimates within your garden. Because warm air rises and cold air sinks,
cool air tends to accumulate in low spots and in areas with minimal air
movement, thereby creating frost pockets. Species that are marginally hardy in
a given zone should not be planted in frost pockets.

Seasonal rainfall

Total average rainfall has a significant effect on plant growth and development,
and the distribution of that rainfall is equally important. Some areas receive
substantial rainfall, but most of it does not occur during the growing season.
Where summers are dry, plants may need supplemental water in order to
survive. Using species that need little water is one strategy to reduce the
amount you need to irrigate.
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Soil characteristics

Soil is a major factor in determining which plants will thrive in your garden. The
ideal garden soil is loam. It is a light crumbly mixture of approximately equal
parts of sand, silt, and clay particles, and consists of at least 4 percent organic
matter. Organic matter is important because it holds water, nutrients, and air,
and is loose enough for roots to penetrate. Garden soils can be altered;
however, it is important to complete a soil test first to determine what
improvements your soil needs. Sun exposure The angle of the sun in relation to
the earth varies from summer to winter. The sun's angle not only affects day
length but also the shadows that are created in the garden. These shadows
determine the amount of sun plants receive and may have a significant effect
on their growth. Additionally, slopes that face south or southwest get more
heat during the day than those that face north or northeast. Southern exposure
slopes dry out more quickly and require supplemental water. Taking advantage
of different exposures in the landscape may extend your growing season.

Heat zones

The tolerance of a plant to the expected cold temperatures in an area long has
been used as a measure of its ability to survive in that area. Scientists have
begun listing another, equally important factor, that of how a plant performs in
the summer heat of an area. The American Horticulture Society's Plant Heat
Zone Map (page 5) indicates the longest periods of heat that can be expected in
all regions of the United States. Twelve different zones are defined by their
average number of days above 860 F (30oC), the level at which plants may
experience cell damage. Plant heat zones in the Pacific Northwest range from
zone 1 in the coastal areas, where there usually is fewer than 1 day per year
above 860 F, to zone 8 along the Snake River, where there may be 90 to 120
days above 860 F, and tender plants need some form of care and protection
(e.g., shade, windbreaks, or irrigation) to grow properly. The gardener's job is
one of matching plants with the climate. You will find that many factors (some
of which we use in developing microclimates to fit a tender plant selection) can
allow a plant to live outside its theoretical heat zone.
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INDICATOR PLANT EXAMPLES

Several representative plants are listed below under the coldest zone in which
they normally succeed. Such plants may serve as useful indicators of the
possibilities of each zone. In other words, if one of the plants on this list is
growing successfully on a site, then other plants hardy in the same zone are
likely to be hardy there as well.

Zone Botanical name Common name

Zone 1 Betula glandulosa Dwarf birch
Below -50° F Empetrum nigrum Crowberry
Below -45.6°C Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen
Potentilla pennsylvanica Pennsylvania cinquefoil
Rhododendron Lapland rhododendron
lapponicum Salix Netleaf willow
reticulata
Zone 2 Betula papyrifera Paper birch
-50° to-40° F Comus canadensis Bunchberry dogwood
-45.6° to -40°C Elaeagnus commutata Silverberry Eastern larch
Larix laricina Bush cinquefoil
Potentilla fruticosa American cranberry
Viburnum trilobum bush
Zone 3 Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry
-40° to -30° F Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive
-40° to -34.5° C Juniperus communis Common juniper
Lonicera tatarica Tatarian honeysuckle
Malus baccata Siberian crabapple
Thuja occidentalis American arborvitae
Zone 4 Acer saccharum Sugar maple
-30° to -20° F Hydrangea paniculata Panicle hydrangea
-34.5° to -28.9°C Juniperus chinensis Chinese juniper
Ligustrum amurense Amur River privet
Parthenocissus Virginia creeper
quinquefolia Vanhoutte spirea
Spiraea x vanhouttei
 Page |8

Zone 5 Comusflorida Flowering dogwood

-20° to -10° F Deutzia gracilis Slender deutzia
-29.9° to -23.3° C Ligustrum vulgare Common privet
Parthenocissus Boston ivy
tricuspidata Rosa Japanese rose
multiflora Japanese yew
Taxus cuspidata
Zone 6 Acer palmatum Japanese maple
-10° to 0° F Buxus sempervirens Common box
-23.3° to -17.8° C Euonymusfortunei Winter creeper
Hedera helix Ilex opaca English ivy
Ligustrum ovalifolium American holly
Cahfomia privet
Zone 7 Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf maple
0° to 10° F Rhododendron Kurume azalea
-17.8° to -12.3° C Kurume hybrids Atlas cedar
Cedrus atlantica Small-leaf cotoneaster
Cotoneaster microphylla English holly
Ilex aquifolium English yew
Taxus baccata
Zone 8 Arbutus unedo Strawberry tree
10° to 20° F Choisya temata Mexican orange
-12.3° to -6.6°C Olearia haastii New Zealand daisy-bush
Pittosporum tobira Japanese pittosporum
Prunus laurocerasus Cherry laurel
Viburnum tinus Laurestinus
Zone 9 Asparagus setaceus Asparagus fern
20° to 30° F Eucalyptus globulus Tasmanian blue gum
-6.6° to-1.1°c Syzygium paniculatum Australian bush cherry
Fuchsia hybrids Fuchsia
Grevillea robusta Silk oak
Schinus molle California pepper tree
Zone 10 Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea
30° to 40° F Cassia fistula Golden shower
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–1.1° to 4.4°C Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon eucalyptus

Ficus elastica Rubber plant
Ensete ventricosum Abyssinian banana
Roystonea regia Royal palm

UNDERSTANDING PLANT NAMES

The Latin binomial system or botanical name is the preferred method of

referring to plants. Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus developed this system of
plant classification in the 1700s. The first word of the name is the genus (e.g.,
Acer), and the second is the specific epithet (e.g., rubrum). The specific epithet
often is mistakenly referred to as the species; in reality, species refers to a
group of plants within the same genus. Many ornamental plants also are
referred to using a cultivar name in addition to the Latin binomial (e.g., Acer
rubrum 'October Glory' or Acer rubrum cv. October Glory). A cultivar is a
cultivated variety that has unique characteristics that differ from the species. To
come true to type, many cultivars need to be propagated vegetatively (by
cuttings, grafting, or division). Using the common name to refer to a plant often
is confusing because many plants either do not have a common name, or they
share a common name with others. To further complicate the situation, the
same common name may be used in different regions to describe different
plants. Additionally, one plant may have several common names.
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PLANTING AND CARE

Information about specific plant culture and pest control recommendations is

available at the county office of your university Extension Service. Look for
Extension Service in the phone book, usually listed under "County Government."
Successful care of ornamental plants depends on selecting the right plant for
your site, planting it properly, and then providing for its general needs. Nearly
all woody ornamental plants need good drainage for their roots to survive. If
yours is a poorly drained site, build raised beds for smaller plants, grow plants
in containers, or install a drainage system. Landscape plants are available as
bareroot (dormant and deciduous), balled and burlapped (field-grown
evergreens and specimens), or in containers. Soak bareroot plants in water for
several hours, then plant them in a hole wide enough for all healthy roots to be
spread without circhng. Plant at a slightly higher level than in the nursery.
Backfill with soil, and water well. Handle balled and burlapped plants by the
ball, not the trunk to prevent root damage. Remove the wrapper and twine,
then place the ball in the planting hole, slightly above nursery-grown level.
Backfill the hole, and water well. Remove container-grown plants from the
container no matter what kind (paper, pulp, plastic, metal, etc.). Straighten the
circling roots. If the root ball is tightly bound with circling roots, use a knife or
spade to cut into the ball so roots can be spread. The care you take at this
stage will determine health of the plant in later years. Backfill with amended
soil, and water well. Water the newly placed plant regularly during its first
growing season. If the summer is dry, water deeply each week. Fertilizer need
varies depending on the natural fertility of your soil. It may be useful to add a
fertilizer high in phosphorus at planting time to help the new plant get off to a
good start. Several weeks after planting, you can scatter a complete fertilizer,
such as a 10-10-10 combination (either organic or chemical) over the planted
area. Use 1-2 pounds per hundred square feet, and water immediately after
fertilizing. After the plant is established, an annual application of fertilizer will
keep it vigorous and productive. Learn what insects, diseases, or maintenance
problems to expect for your plants. There are many sources of information
available, including Extension publications, published books, magazines,
 P a g e | 11

Extension specialists and agents, Master Gardeners, and people in the nursery
industry.

PLANTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Rhododendrons Cultural requirements of rhododendrons vary somewhat with

the species or variety. In general, the following requirements apply to all of
them, except as noted elsewhere:

• Soil should be a sandy loam topsoil high in organic material. If such a soil is
not available, improve the existing soil by incorporating peat moss until the soil
crumbles easily. Replace clay with a lighter topsoil. • Drainage should be good.
If the site is low and wet, raise the bed 10-12 inches or install drain tile.

• Soil pH should range between 5.0 and 6.0. Using peat moss and occasional
applications of sulfur, if necessary, will help lower the ph. Apply sulfur at the
rate of 2-3 pounds per 100 square feet.

• Root systems of rhododendrons and azaleas are fibrous and near the surface;
consequently, it is necessary to water during the summer to prevent them from
drying out. During May, June, and July, moisture is particularly critical for the
development of new stems, leaves, and buds.

• Fertilizer may or may not be needed. In some species, it is harmful. If there is

evidence of a shortage of plant nutrients, add organic fertilizer, such as well-
rotted barnyard manure or cottonseed meal. Or apply a complete commercial
fertilizer at the rate of 2 pounds or less per 100 square feet.

Heaths and heathers

The Calluna and Erica species and varieties of heath and heather prefer full sun.
Ericas grow well on any side of a small house if there is no additional
competition for light. Do not plant Cabanas on the north side. The soil should
be well-drained, acid, and preferably a sandy loam high in organic matter such
as peat moss. If the existing topsoil is heavy, remove it or add peat moss. If
plants tend to be leggy, shear them back immediately after blooming or in early
spring. Fertilizer is not beneficial.
 P a g e | 12

SMALL PLANTS TO 18 INCHES HIGH

Botanical Common Growth Zon Flowers Exposu Remarks

name name e re
Ajuga reptans Carpet Spreading 5-9 Blue, Sun Herbaceo
bugle , April- Part us plant
stolonifer May sun with
ous Shade persistent
leaves;
effective
year-
round
groundco
ver.
Varieties
have
white
flowers,
bronze or
variegated
leaves.
Grows in
full sun or
shade,
but does
best in
partial
shade.
Plant 18
inches
apart
Alyssum Goldentuft Spreading 4-9 Yellow, Sun Herbaceo
saxatile alyssum April- us plant
May for
edging,
 P a g e | 13

walls, or
rocks,
with a 2-
to 3-foot
spread.
Cut back
about
one-half
after
blooming.
Andromeda Dwarf bog Spreading All Pink, Sun Small
polifolia rosemary April- Part shrub;
May sun blue-
gray-
green
foliage.
Very good
in rock
gardens.
Arctostaphylo Kinnikinni Trailing 4-9 Pink, Sun Wide-
s uva-ursi ck March- Part spreading
(Bearberry) April sun evergreen
groundco
ver. Bright
red
berries.
Plant 18-
27 inches
apart for
quick
cover. Full
sun on
dry banks
or in
partial
 P a g e | 14

shade.
Will hang
over
walls.
Sandy or
gravelly
soil is
best.
Armeria Sea pink Mound 4-9 Various Sun Green
maritima Part mounds,
sun to 12
inches
across
and Part
sun 4-6
inches
high.
Spring
flowers on
8- to 10-
inch
stalks.
Some
varieties
rebloom if
spent
flowers
are
removed.
Artemisia Silvermou Mound 4-9 See Sun Forms a
schmidtiana nd remarks mound 8-
'Nana' 10 inches
high and
a foot or
more
 P a g e | 15

broad.
Silvery
gray
foliage.
Thrives in
full sun in
well-
drained,
dry soil.
Flowers
are less
important
than the
foliage.
Bergenia Heartleaf Clump 5-9 Rose Sun Herbaceo
cordifolia bergenia pink, Part us plant
(Saxifrage Jan-April sun with
cordifolia) persistent
leaves 4-
6 inches
across.
Divide
and reset
if clumps
become
too thick.
Flower
stalks to
20 inches
high
Buxus Edging Rounded, 6-9 Insignific Sun Slow-
sempervirens boxwood dense ant Part growing
'Suffruticosa sun broadleaf
evergreen
. Grows to
 P a g e | 16

3 feet.
Most
frequently
seen as
clipped
edging
plant from
6-18
inches
high.
Calluna Goldleaf Dense 6-9 Pink, Sun Golden
vulgaris Scotch mound, July-Sept leaves in
'Aurea' heather stems summer,
ascending red in
winter.
Calluna County Spreading 6-9 Shell Sun Double-
vulgaris Wicklow , stems pink, flowered
'County Scotch ascending Aug-Sept form.
Wicklow' heather Useful as
a
groundco
ver.
Ceanothus Point Spreading 7-9 Blue, Sun Broadleaf
gloriosus Reyes April evergreen
ceanothus ; grows to
about 12
inches,
high, with
spread of
3-4 feet
Convallaria Lily of the Spreading 4-9 White, Sun Spreads
majalis valley April Part by
sun undergrou
Shade nd stems.
 P a g e | 17

Leaves
persist
until
autumn.
Invasive.
Comus Bunchberr Bunchberr All White Part Spreads
canadensis y y (bracts) sun by
Shade undergrou
nd stems.
Bright red
berries in
fall.
Grows
best in
moist,
acid soils.
Deciduous
.
Cotoneaster Bearberry Trailing 6-9 White, Sun Slow-
dammeri cotoneast May-June Part growing
er sun groundco
ver;
ultimate
spread of
6-8 feet.
Red
berries.
Useful on
small
banks,
among
rocks, or
on
masonry
walls and
 P a g e | 18

terraces.
For quick
cover,
plant 18
inches
apart.
Varieties
include
'Low fast'
and 'Coral
Beauty.'
Daboecia White bell Spreading 7-9 White, Sun Broadleaf
cantabrica Irishheath , stems May-Nov Part evergreen
'Alba' ascending sun heath-like
plant.
Masses
well if
planted 2
feet apart.
Daboecia Purple bell Spreading 7-9 Purple, Sun Broadleaf
cantabrica Irishheath , stems June-Nov Part evergreen
'Atropurpurea' ascending sun heath-like
plant.
Masses
well if
planted 2
feet apart.
Daphne Garland Spreading 5-9 Rosy Sun Pink
cneorum daphne pink, Part flowers
April- sun are this
May plant's
chief
attraction.
Will do
well
 P a g e | 19

without
fertilizer
on a well-
drained
slope or
among
rocks.
Erica camea King Spreading 6-9 Deep Sun Early
'King George' George rose bloom
spring pink, and
heath Feb-April compact
spreading
growth
habit
make this
a useful
plant.
Tolerates
nonacid
soil.
Erica camea Spring Spreading 6-9 White, Sun Similar to
'Springwood' heath , stems pink, King
ascending Feb-April George in
form.
Erica cinerea Twisted Spreading 7-9 Magenta, Sun Another
heath , stems June-Aug Part bright
ascending sun summer
bloomer.
Erica Darley Spreading 5-9 White, Sun Will grow
darleyensis heath stems pink. Part to 2 feet
'Mediterranea ascending Nov- sun high with
n White' and April 3-foot
'Mediterranea spread.
n Pink'
 P a g e | 20

Erica tetralix Bog heath Spreading 8-9 Pink, Sun Gray

'George , stems June-July Part foliage
Frazier' ascending sun and
summer
bloom
make this
heath
desirable.
Erica vagans Cornish Spreading 7-9 Pinkish Sun Grows to
'Mrs. D.F. heath , stems purple. Part 2 feet
Maxwell' ascending July-Oct sun high with
an
ultimate
spread of
4-5 feet.
Euonymusfort Purpleleaf Spreading 4-9 Insignific Sun Broadleaf
unei wintercree ant Part evergreen
per sun groundco
ver; will
spread to
about 18
inches.
May be
planted 4
feet apart.
Varieties
'Kewensis'
and
'Gracilis.'
Festuca ovina Blue Tuft 4— Insignific Sun Bluish-
glauca fescue 9 ant Part gray
sun foliage.
Clip off
flower
stalks.
 P a g e | 21

Use as
groundco
ver or
edging
plant.
Gaultheria Wintergree Spreading 3-9 Pinkish Part Dark
procumbens n , white sun green
groundco April- Shade glossy
ver June leaves
turn red
in cold
weather.
White
blooms
are
followed
by red
berries.
Berries
and leaves
have
wintergre
en flavor.
Genista pilosa Vancouver Mound 5-9 Golden Sun Mounds
Vancouver Gold yellow to 12
Gold' broom May-June inches
high and
3 feet
wide.
Branches
are
covered
with
golden
yellow
 P a g e | 22

pealike
blooms in
late
spring.
Hedera Algerian Spreading 8-9 Insignific Sun A
canariensis ivy , ant Part vigorous
groundco sun groundco
ver or Shade ver once
climbing establishe
vine d. Plant 4
feet apart.
For large
areas
only.
Hedera helix Enghsh ivy Spreading 6-9 Insignific Sun A
, ant Part vigorous
groundco sun groundco
ver or Shade ver once
climbing establishe
vine d. Plant 4
feet apart.
For large
areas
only.
Helianthemu Sunrose Spreading 5-9 Yellow Sun Grows to
m May-June 12 inches
nummularium with
spread of
2 feet or
more.
Varieties
range
from
yellow to
white to
 P a g e | 23

red.
Grows
well in
nonacid
soil with
relatively
low
moisture
content.
Hypericum Aaronsbea Spreading 6-9 Bright Sun Vigorous
calycinum rd (St. , yellow, Part and
Johnswort) stolonifer July-Sep sun invasive
ous Shade groundco
ver. Do
not plant
adjacent
to
perennials
or small
shrubs.
Hypericum St. Spreading 7-9 Gold Sun Vigorous
moserianum Johnswort , stems yellow, Part and
ascending July-Sept sun invasive
Shade groundco
ver. Do
not plant
next to
perennials
or small
shrubs.
Iberis Evergreen Spreading 5-9 White, Sun Several
sempervirens candytuft March- Part good
May sun horticultu
ral
varieties
 P a g e | 24

are
available.

MEDIUM PLANTS 3-5FEET HIGH

Acer Threadlea Rounded 6- Insignifica Sun Finely

palmatum f 9 nt Part dissected
'Dissectum' Japanese sun light green
maple fohage turns
bright yellow
in fall. Slow
growing; can
grow to
approximate
ly 10 feet.
Useful
height is 4—
5 feet.
Berberis Japanese Rounded, 4- Pale Sun Spiny,
thunbergii barberry dense 9 yellow, Part deciduous
April sun shrub with
brilliant
scarlet and
yellow fall
color. Red
berries.
Berberis Redleaf Rounded, 4- Yellow- Sun Spiny,
thunbergii Japanese dense 9 reddish, Part deciduous
'Atropurpure barberry April-May sun shrub with
a' brilliant
scarlet and
yellow fall
color. Red
berries.
 P a g e | 25

Leaves dark
reddish-
purple in
spring and
summer.
Berberis Warty Rounded, 6- Gold- Sun Sturdy,
verruculosa barberry dense 9 yellow, Part spiny,
May sun broadleaf
evergreen
with fine
texture and
dark green
leaves.
Chamaecypar Dwarf Rounded 4- Sun Grows to 4-
is obtusa gracilis 9 Part 6 feet high
'Nana' Hinoki sun with 3- to
4-foot
spread.
Evergreen
with dark
green, dense
fohage.
Appears
sculpted.
Chamaecypar Dwarf Rounded, 5- Sun This conifer
is pisifera Sawara descendin 9 Part forms a
'Nana' false g sun dense,
cypress rounded
mass with a
weeping
effect.
Choisya Mexican Rounded 7- White, Sun Useful at 4-
temata orange 9 April-May Part 5 feet high.
sun Will grow to
 P a g e | 26

6-8 feet
high. Does
well in most
soils. May
suffer if
exposed to a
prevailing
wind.
Cotoneaster Cranberry Spreading 4 Pinkish April Dense
apiculatus cotoneast — white, -May spreading
er 9 April-May Part form with
sun herringbone
pattern
branches
and shiny
green
leaves.
Cranberry-
sized berries
persist
through
winter.
Deciduous.
 P a g e | 27

LARGE SHRUBS 5-8 FEET HIGH

Botanical Common Growth Zon Flowers Exposur Remarks

name name e e
Abelia Glossy Rounde 6-9 White- Sun Part Broadleaf
grandiflora abelia d, dense pink, sun evergreen
June-Nov with
glossy,
dark
green
foliage.
Purple
sepals
persist
into
winter.
Abelia Edward Rounde 7-9 Lavender Sun Part Evergreen
grandiflora Goucher d -pink, sun with
'Edward abelia June-Nov bronzy
Goucher' foliage in
winter.
Aucuba Japanese Rounde 7-9 Purplish Sun Part Broadleaf
japonica aucuba d, dense green, sun evergreen
March- . Bright
April red
berries
during
winter.
Variety
'Gold-
dust' has
yellow-
spotted
leaves;
other
 P a g e | 28

varieties
have
slender or
broad
leaves.
Needs a
poUinizer
.
Berberis Darwin Oval, 7-9 Golden- Sun Part Broadleaf
darwinii barberry dense yellow, sun evergreen
April . Most
useful at
4-5 feet
high; has
been
known to
grow to 8
feet.
Foliage is
small,
holly-like,
and dark
green.
Berberisjulian Wintergree Oval 6-9 Yellow, Sun Part Broadleaf
ae n barberry May sun evergreen
. Makes a
dense,
spiny
hedge.
Buddleia Butterfly V- 5-9 Lilac, Sun Part Deciduou
davidi bush shaped July-Sept sun s, upright
shrub.
Bears
fragrant
flowers
 P a g e | 29

on long
spikes.
Grows
rapidly to
6-8 feet
high and
4-6 feet
wide.
Attracts
butterflies
.

TALL SHRUBS AND SHRUBBY TREES 8-20 FEET HIGH

Botanical Common Growth Zon Flowers Exposur Remarks

name name e e
Acer Vine maple Rounde 4-9 Reddish Sun Part Shrubby,
circinatum d or - sun deciduous
irregula purple. Shade native. Viny
r April- or treelike to
May 10 or 15 feet;
orange-
scarlet or
yellow fall
color
Acer Amur Shrubby 5-9 Yellow- Sun Part Fragrant
ginnala maple or tree white, sun flowers.
form May Foliage red in
fall. Grown as
multiple-
trunked large
shrub or
single-trunk
tree.
 P a g e | 30

Acer Japanese Irregula 5-9 Sun Part Numerous

palmatum maple r sun varieties and
selections.
Unique leaves
and bark
characteristic
s.
Amelanchie Saskatoon Upright 4-9 White- Sun New foliage is
r alnifolia serviceberr pink, bronze,
y April changing to
green. Blue-
black fruits
follow spring
flowers. Gray
bark

Trees 10-20 FEET

Botanical Common Growth Zon Flowers Exposur Remarks

name name e e
Acer griseum Paperbark Upright 5-9 Insignifica Sun Exfoliating
maple nt, March orange to
cinnamon
-brown
bark
creates
year-
round
interest
Amelanchier Autumn Upright 4-9 White, Sun Deciduous
grandiflora Brilliance spreadin April Part tree with
'Autumn serviceber g sun graceful
Brilliance' ry clusters of
white
 P a g e | 31

flowers
before
leaves
appear.
Silvergray
bark,
good fall
color.
Many
varieties
available.
Cercis Eastern Oval to 5-9 Rosy-pink, Sun Flowers
canadensis redbud round April-May Part occasional
sun ly are
damaged
by frost
Chamaecypa Lawson Narrow, 6-9 Sun Port-
ris false pyramid Part Orford-
lawsoniana cypress al sun cedar
'Oregon Blue' variety.
Useful as
a hedge or
windbreak
plant.
Grows
slowly but
persistentl
y.
Susceptibl
e to root
rot.
Chamaecypa Weeping Narrow, 5-9 Sun Main
ris Alaskan pyramid Part trunk
nootkatensis cedar al sun grows
'Pendula straight
 P a g e | 32

up, and
branchlets
weep
straight
down
from
drooping
branches

TREES 30-50 FEET HIGH

Botanical name Common Growth Zon Flower Exposur Remarks

name e s e
Acacia Greenwattl Oval 8-9 Yellow Sun Fine-
decurrens e acacia , Feb- textured,
March light green
foliage
with bright
yellow,
fragrant
flowers. In
Oregon,
hardy from
Roseburg
to Coos
Bay south
Albiuiajulibrissi Pink Spreadin 7-9 Pink, Sun Fine
n 'Rosea' silktree g June- texture of
Aug dark green
leaves and
bloom
makes this
tree
popular.
 P a g e | 33

Tender in
zone 7.
Alnus Black alder Broad, 4-9 Sun Part A fast-
glutinosa pyramid sun growing
al Shade tree for
tough
sites. Can
grow in
infertile
soil and
tolerates
extremely
wet sites.
Carpinus Pyramidal Broad, 5-9 Sun Deciduous
betulus European pyramid tree. Very
'Fastigiata' hornbeam al formal
appearanc
e.
Tolerates
heat and
drought.
Catalpa Common Oval 5-9 White, Sun Part Coarse-
bignonioides catalpa June- sun textured
July tree. May
reach 50
feet high.
Grows in
most soils
with
moderate
moisture.
 P a g e | 34

SMALL PLANTS

CARPET BUGLE

When you’re looking for something attractive to quickly fill in a large area, then
you can’t go wrong with ajuga (Ajuga reptans), also known as carpet
bugleweed. This creeping evergreen plant quickly fills in empty areas,
smothering out weeds while adding exceptional foliage color and blooms. It’s
also good for erosion control. The flowers of bugleweed are normally bluish to
purple but they can be found in white as well. And in addition to the traditional
green foliage, this ground cover can also provide the landscape with stunning
copper or purple-colored foliage too, making it great for adding year-round
interest. There’s even a variegated form available.

Goldentuft Alyssum

Basket-of-gold forms as spreading, rounded mass, which looks at home

cascading over a rock wall. Grows and flowers best in average to sandy well-
drained soil in the full sun. In hot and humid summer climates it does
appreciate some afternoon shade and can be challenging to grow. Clay soils
will cause growth problems and root rot occur in poorly drained or consistently
wet soil. After flowering, you can prune the plant to 1/2 its size to maintain
shape and vigor. Propagates by seed in the early spring or dividing in the fall.
 P a g e | 35

It is attractive as an annual cascading over a rock wall or in a naturalized area

of the landscape.

Dwarf bog rosemary

Bog Rosemary, is a low, evergreen shrub or ground cover in the Ericaceae

(blueberry) family. Growing from 8 inches to 3 feet in height and, in its native
state, typically found in bogs. The shrub does not have many branches, but
many shrubs will grow together to form a clump.The plant prefers a well-
drained, moisture-retentive, lime-free, humus-rich soil and shade.Wet soils are
tolerated well. It does not do well in heat and humidity and locations south of
Zone 6. Plants spread slowly by means of suckers to become a very ornamental
plant.The small, firm, narrow leaves are blue-green. Leaf margins roll under.
Several small, bell-shaped, pink or white flowers occur together in a
curved umbel at the tip of a branch.Bog Rosemary is one of several heath
shrubs similar to Sheep Laurel, Bog Laurel, and Labrador Tea.Plant in a border
front, or along a stream or pond margins, or in a rain garden.

Bearberry

This is a fine plant for cascading over the edge of a wall. It’s a hardy, prostrate
shrub with intricate branching that often forms mats up to 3 feet wide, by
runners. Fragrant, white, bell-shaped flowers tinged with pink are borne in May
 P a g e | 36

and followed later in the season by red berries. The common bearberry’s
stunning red stems are studded with small, glossy, evergreen leaves.

Noteworthy CharacteristicsFound throughout North America from Labrador to

Alaska, and south to Virginia and California. It is called "kinnikinnick" by Native
Americans.

Sea pink

A rugged coastal plant won't balk at poor soil, exposed sites or a good lashing
from the wind. Its neat carpet of evergreen leaves is topped with lollipops of
candy-pink flowers from May to September. Sea pink (also known as thrift
or Armeria maritima) makes perfect ground cover for gravel gardens, border
edging or planting in a trough: I'm getting some to put on my green roof.
Expect a height and spread of around 30cm x 30cm. Thrift will rub along nicely
with other drought-tolerant toughies, such as blue fescue grass (Festuca
glauca), dusty miller (Lychnis coronaria), and wormwood (artemisia). If you have
a coastal garden and struggle to grow much, this British native is a banker. It
will not, however, enjoy life on poorly drained soils or shady spots.
 P a g e | 37

Medium Plants

Threadleaf japanese maple

Threadleaf Japanese Maple is a deciduous tree with a strong central leader and
a rounded form and gracefully weeping branches. It lends an extremely fine and
delicate texture to the landscape composition which can make it a great accent
feature on this basis alone.

This is a relatively low maintenance tree, and should only be pruned in summer
after the leaves have fully developed, as it may 'bleed' sap if pruned in late
winter or early spring. It has no significant negative characteristics.

Threadleaf Japanese Maple is recommended for the following landscape

applications;

 Accent
 Mass Planting
 Hedges/Screening
 General Garden Use
 Container Planting
 P a g e | 38

Japanese Barberry

Japanese barberry is an exotic invasive shrub that is well established in home

and commercial landscapes. Ward and Williams (2011) report that this species
is established in 31 states and four Canadian provinces. A popular ornamental
deciduous shrub it ranges in size from three to seven or more feet in height
(Johnson, 1996; Whitcomb, 1985). Shrubs that have not been pruned have a
compact, dense form which is typically more broad than tall at maturity
(Zouhar, 2008). Japanese barberry exhibits a high ornamental value plus it
responds very well to pruning which is why landscape designers fell in love with
this plant years ago.

Warty Barberry

Description
Evergreen shrub to 6 feet, dense and rounded.This plant is dependable,
easy to transplant, tolerates a range of soil types as well as drought and
urban conditions, and is seldom damaged by deer. It dislikes wet feet.
 P a g e | 39

Warty Barberry can be used as a specimen, hedge, or barrier plant. This

plant is a compact, dense, rounded shrub and can have arching,
spreading branches.

Quick ID Hints:

 Stems covered in tiny wart-like excrescences

 Leaves on dwarf shoots, 3-parted spines at nodes
 Leaves green or reddish above,tomentose underneath

Blooms mid-spring; leaves are small and lustrous green above and
whitish beneath, and remain green or become purplish green to
mahogany in winter. Likely to become weedy if left unpruned.

Urban tolerant; hardy zones 5-7; intolerant high heat loads; Pest and
disease free.

Dwarf gracilisHinoki

Description
‘Nana Gracilis’ Hinoki cypress is a dwarf, compact, slow-growing
evergreen shrub in the Cupressaceae (cypress) family. The parent plant is
native to Japan. The genus name comes from the Greek words chamai,
which means dwarf, and kyparissos, which means cypress tree.

Grow this plant in average, moist, well-drained soils and protect it from
harsh winds. It does best in full sun but will tolerate partial shade. In 10
 P a g e | 40

years it will only reach 3 to 4 feet tall but will eventually mature to 6 feet
or more with a 2 to 4 foot spread. Young shrubs have a rounded form
that becomes more conical with age. It provides winter interest with its
graceful, dark-green needles.

Use this shrub in small spaces, Asian or rock gardens, containers, or as a

specimen. It can also be used in bonsai.

LARGE SHRUBS

GLOSSY ABELIA

Description
Glossy abelia is a medium-sized, round, dense, multi-
stemmed, hybrid shrub in the Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle) family. It is a
cross between Abelia chinensis and Abelia uniflora. It has arching
branches and small glossy ovate dark green leaves with tinges of red. The
flowers are clusters of small, white to pink blooms that are bell-
shaped, fragrant, and have pink or purple sepals. Blooming occurs from
late spring to fall. The shrub grows from 2 to 8 feet tall and 3 to 6 feet
wide, but the size may vary depending on the cultivar.

This hybrid is believed to have originated in Italy and was officially

introduced in 1886. Since the hybridization, over 30 cultivars have been
developed.

The genus name, Linnaea, is derived from Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish

botanist (1778). It is also known as Abelia x grandiflora. The genus
 P a g e | 41

name, Abelia, honors Dr. Clark Abel, an English physician, and naturalist
from the 18th century. The specific epithet, grandiflora, means "large-
flowered."

The glossy abelia can be grown in full sun or partial shade, but it will
flower best in full sun. It prefers moist, well-drained soils of loam, clay,
or sand. It is hardy, drought tolerant, erosion tolerant, deer
resistant, and easy to grow, but intolerant to salty soil. The shrub is frost
tender and is best planted in a protected site to prevent freeze
damage. The flowers bloom on new wood; therefore, pruning, if needed,
may be done in late winter and early spring. It is also resistant to
Phytophthora root rot. Once established, glossy abelia requires very little
maintenance.

It is semi-evergreen to evergreen in the warm climates of the southern

United States (zones 9 to 11), but it is usually deciduous in colder
planting zones (zone 8). In zones 6 to 7, the shrub may freeze during
the winter and die back to the ground.

Glossy abelia is versatile, easy to grow, tough, and has a very long
blooming season. Bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds are attracted to its
flowers. Consider using this hybrid shrub as an accent, border, hedge,
privacy screen, or mass planting. Planted in mass, this shrub will add
color and a slight fragrance to the landscape.
 P a g e | 42

Butterfly bush

The butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii) is a fast-growing, perennial shrub with

masses of flowers—long, spiked trusses—that bloom from summer to autumn.
While low-maintenance, butterfly bushes do need to be pruned in early spring.
Learn more about growing this flowering shrub.

Also called “summer lilacs,” Buddleja are hardy to Zone 5 and remain evergreen
from Zone 8 south. Growing 5 to 10 feet tall, this large, arching shrub produces
an abundance of fragrant, showy flowers in mainly purple and pink. The shrubs
grow well in perennial or shrub borders and the flowers are good for cutting.

Butterfly bush growth appears on new wood, so pruning can wait until the new
wood is ready to grow in spring. Be patient with Buddleja since the shrub might
not leaf out in the spring until after other perennials.

Common Box
 P a g e | 43

the Common Box (Buxus sempervirens) is a slow–growing evergreen tree that

is native to the UK, Northern Morocco, Turkey and the Mediterranean
region. The shiny leaves of a Common Box are characteristically small, ovate
and dark green in colour. They are leathery to touch and form on short, downy
stems. The Common Box is monoecious. Male and female flowers that are
a greeny-yellow colour grow in clusters between April and May in the leaf axils
of the tree. Typically, you will find that in these clusters there will be several
male flowers and one terminal female flower. These female flowers are then
pollinated by the wind and develop into green capsules that later ripen into
brown seedy cases. Common Box trees are known for their slow growth but
can also live for several hundred years.

Tall Shrubs

Vine Maple

It most commonly grows as a large shrub growing to around 5 to 8 metres (16

to 26 feet) tall, but it will occasionally form a small to medium-sized tree,
exceptionally to 18 m (59 ft) tall. The shoots are slender and hairless.[3][4] The
trunk rarely grows more than 25 centimetres (10 inches) thick.[5]

The leaves are 3 to 14 cm (1+1⁄4 to 5+1⁄2 in) long and broad, opposite, palmately
lobed with 7 to 11 lobes, almost circular in outline, and thinly hairy on the
underside; the lobes are pointed and with coarsely toothed margins. The leaves
turn bright yellow to orange-red in autumn. The flowers are small, 6 to 9
millimetres (1⁄4 to 38⁄ in) in diameter, with a dark red calyx and five short
greenish-yellow petals; they are produced in open corymbs of 4 to 20 together
in spring. The fruit is a two-seeded samara, each seed 8 to 10 mm (5⁄16 to 3⁄8 in)
in diameter, with a lateral wing 2 to 4 cm (3⁄4 to 1+5⁄8 in) long.[3][4][6]
 P a g e | 44

Vine maple trees can bend over easily. Sometimes, this can cause the top of the
tree to grow into the ground and send out a new root system, creating a natural
arch. This characteristic makes it the only maple capable of layering.

Amur maple

There are a number of immediate benefits to choosing the Flame Amur

Maple for your next hedge:

Makes a uniquely attractive hedge with heavy pruning

Turns a stunning deep red in the autumn

More drought tolerant than other maples

Grows easily in moist, well-drained soil

Acer Ginnala Flame is also known as the Tatarian maple, in reference to certain
areas of Siberia and Mongolia that were invaded by the Tatars in the Middle
Ages.

The Flame Amur Maple grows as a small upright tree with a rounded crown or
as a large multi-stemmed shrub.

The leaves, which reach up to 4” long, are serrated and broad-ovate. They have
a fresh, bright green color through the early spring and summer.
 P a g e | 45

Saskastoon Serviceberry

The Saskatoon Serviceberry tree is native to North America and is found

throughout the North, Central and Midwestern United States, including Alaska,
and western Canada. Its name is derived from a Cree word
(misâskwatômina) meaning “the fruit of the tree of many branches." The city of
Saskatoon in Saskatchewan is named for it. The tree, which is technically a
shrub, grows to a height of 8 to 10 feet, and reaches 6 or 7 feet in width. It
provides three seasons of visual interest, with fragrant, pendulous white
blossoms in spring tha attract butterflies, juicy purple berries (also called
Juneberries) in summer which are beloved by birds, and a dramatic autumn
color switch when the leaves turn from bluish green to brilliant shades of red,
orange and yellow.

Though some gardeners find the berries to be messy, you may find your array
of songbirds becomes more diverse with a serviceberry planted in your yard.
Some people enjoy the berries also; they have a blueberry-like flavor and can
be used in much the same way for making pies, cobblers, or preserves. Like
blueberries, they also contain many beneficial nutrients, including antioxidants,
magnesium, iron, vitamin E, and fiber: Toss them in your morning smoothie for
a nutritional boost. The berries can be frozen for future use. The taste can be
somewhat bland owing to their being more sweet than tart, and as with
blueberries, fresh lemon zest or juice is often used to boost their flavor in
recipes.
 P a g e | 46

Siberian Peshrub

Siberian Peashrub is a shrub or small tree that was commonly planted as a

windbreak, for wildlife, and as an ornamental in landscapes, then escaped
cultivation and is now considered invasive in many locations, including
Minnesota and Wisconsin. While not as problematic or widespread as
buckthorn, it does establish itself in forests, woodland edges, savannas and
roadsides. It is much more widespread in Minnesota than the distribution maps
indicate, since planted populations are not included and the distinction
between planted and escaped populations can be ambiguous. You may even
have spotted it in campgrounds and trail edges in some of our state parks. It
tolerates a wide range of soil and moisture conditions and several cultivars are
available in the nursery trade. Siberian Peashrub is easy to identify from the
abundant yellow flowers and bean-like fruits, compound leaves that lack a
terminal leaflet, and the spine-like stipules at leaf nodes.

Blueblossom Ceanothus

Blueblossom or Blue blossom Ceanothus is one of the most popular species of

Ceanothus in landscaping applications. It varies dramatically in form and size
over its natural range, with some plants growing fairly upright to 30 feet and
 P a g e | 47

others growing in a mounding form to only 2-3 feet tall. Blueblossom

Ceanothus is evergreen, with leaves range from bright green to dark green. It
has small flowers that are produced in a dense, puff-shaped clusters, that are
white, light blue, dark blue or purple. They bloom in the winter or spring, and
then mature into a dry, three-lobed seed capsule. Its flowers are important for
bees and butterflies, and its seed pods are an important food source for birds
and small mammals. Blueblossom grows in full sun or part shade. In the hotter,
inland part of its range, it does better with more shade, on northern slopes, and
if closer to an irrigated or a naturally moister area. In the cooler coastal part of
its range, it prefers more sun and can tolerate drier locations. In general, if you
water mature Ceanothus in the summer, they will usually be short-lived. Best to
choose a Ceanothus native to your location, and stop direct watering after 1-2
years. There are two recognized varieties in the wild, Ceanothus
thyrsiflorus var. thyrsiflorus and Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. griseus (formerly
considered a separate species).

DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRASS

4 Types of Cool-Season Grass
Cold-season grass types are best suited for regions that see widespread
temperature fluctuations and cold winters.

1. 1. Fine fescue: Fine fescue is made up of several fescue grass varieties,

such as sheep fescue, Chewing fescue, and hard fescue. Fescue grasses
do not spread by stolons or rhizomes. Instead, they grow in clumps. Fine
fescue is a low-maintenance turfgrass that is drought-tolerant, shade-
tolerant, and slow-growing. It can survive both hot summers and cold
winters. It is often mixed with Kentucky bluegrass for increased shade
tolerance in areas that only get between three to six hours of sunlight a
day. Its fine, dark green leaves are incredibly slender and have a vertical
growth habit. Keep in mind that it does not tolerate heavy foot traffic and
is slow to recover from damage. Homeowners with pets and small
children may want to consider a more durable variety.
2. 2. Tall fescue: Tall fescue is a highly durable, drought-resistant, shade-
tolerant turfgrass. It adapts easily to a wide variety of climates and soil
types, making it an ideal choice for homeowners living in the transition
 P a g e | 48

zone or the northern half of the United States. It has a deep root system
that allows for minimal watering during the growing season. It is a fast
grower and will require frequent mowing.
3. 3. Kentucky bluegrass: Kentucky bluegrass, also known as KBG, is one of
the best types of grass for cooler climates. Its deep green leaves are
almost blue in color and form a dense turf. It thrives in full sun
environments but is not drought-tolerant. It can tolerate partial shade
but is typically mixed with fescue grasses for increased shade tolerance.
It has a soft texture that provides a pleasant barefoot experience and
holds up well to moderate foot traffic. Its fast growth rate does require
frequent mowing and fertilization to maintain a healthy lawn.
4. 4. Perennial ryegrass: This grass variety is rarely used to seed an entire
lawn, but is great for overseeding a patchy lawn. It germinates quickly in
about four to seven days. Its shiny, dark green leaves blend in well with
other cool-season grass varieties to create a lush, green lawn. It is not
particularly tolerant of drought or shade but holds up well against heavy
foot traffic.

6 Types of Warm-Season Grass

Warm-season grasses typically thrive in climates that are steadily warm all year
round.

1. 1. Bermuda grass: Bermuda grass is a high-maintenance warm-season

grass. It requires frequent mowing and fertilizing, but the extra work is
often worth the reward. It is an extremely durable grass variety, ideal for
homeowners with pets and children. Its leaf blades fan out horizontally,
creating a dense carpet of bright green turf. It thrives in full sun and is
exceptionally tolerant of heat and drought. It quickly goes dormant in
cool temperatures and does not do well in shady areas.
2. 2. Centipede grass: Centipede grass thrives in the sandy soils of the
Southeastern United States, but it will tolerate acidic soils as well. It does
best in warm, tropical climates where rainfall is abundant. Though
tolerant of high heat, it has a low drought tolerance and needs frequent
watering when rainfall is scarce. It makes for an attractive green lawn but
 P a g e | 49

it does not withstand heavy foot traffic. Otherwise, it is a low-

maintenance variety and will not require the frequent use of a mower.
3. 3. St. Augustine grass: St. Augustine grass thrives in the deep South—
especially in Florida and along the Gulf Coast—but it can also be found as
far north as the transition zone. It thrives in warm, wet regions and does
not tolerate cold weather. It's great for use in front lawns where foot
traffic is minimal and moderate mow heights can be maintained. It grows
best in full sun or partial shade. It spreads quickly by stolons and
rhizomes and will likely crowd out other grasses or lawn weeds.
4. 4. Zoysia grass: Zoysia grass is a low-maintenance, warm-season grass
that is widely used in temperate climates. It has a dense growth habit,
excellent wear resistance, and tolerates low mowing heights, making it an
ideal choice for fairways and greens at golf courses. It requires little
fertilization, less frequent watering, and is one of the most shade-
tolerant warm-season grasses. It has a slow growth rate and will not
require you to mow it too often.
5. 5. Bahiagrass: Bahiagrass thrives in sandy soils and will tolerate poor soil
quality without the need for fertilizer. It has a fast growth rate and
requires frequent mowing to keep it in check. This type of grass develops
a V-shaped seed head when overgrown. Bahiagrass does not lend itself to
a picture-perfect lawn but is a great solution for homeowners who have
less than ideal growing conditions.
6. 6. Buffalo grass: Buffalo grass is a low-maintenance, warm-season grass
known for the blue to gray-green color of its leaf blades and its drought
tolerance. It’s a native lawn grass in North America, competing with blue
grama as the most prominent turf type across the shortgrass prairie of
Nebraska, Texas, and other heartland regions of the United States.
Buffalo grass derives its name from the fact that it commonly fed bison
and buffalo across the Great Plains in the nineteenth century. Buffalo
grass lawns are very common, as well as golf courses grown from buffalo
grass seed.

11 Types of Ornamental Grass

Ornamental grasses can add texture and variety to border gardens and
pathways.
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1. 1. Blue fescue grass: Blue fescue grass produces clumps of spiky, blue
foliage. Though not suitable for lawn grass, blue fescue makes for a great
ornamental addition to rock gardens and can be used as ground cover. It
thrives in USDA hardiness zones four to eight. It does best in full sun and
well-draining, moist soil.
2. 2. Little bluestem: Little bluestem is an ornamental bunchgrass that
produces blue-green foliage in early spring before turning deep red in
autumn. It has a dense, clumping growth habit and can reach a height of
two feet tall. It's extremely tolerant of drought and does best when the
soil fully dries out between waterings. It thrives in sandy soils in
hardiness zones three to ten.
3. 3. Shenandoah switchgrass: Shenandoah switchgrass is a beautiful
ornamental grass with an upright growth habit. The tips of its green
foliage turn bright red in the fall. This grass thrives in hardiness zones
four to ten and full sun areas and is drought tolerant. Mature plants can
reach four feet tall.
4. 4. Purple fountain grass: Purple fountain grass produces an explosion of
reddish-purple, feathery foliage. It is drought-tolerant, deer-resistant,
and relatively low-maintenance. However, it does
require deadheading once the blooms dry out in the late summer or early
fall. It is hardy in zones nine and ten but can be grown as an annual in
cooler climates. It grows well in full sun or partial shade so long as it
receives medium moisture in well-draining soil.
5. 5. Pink muhly grass: Pink muhly grass is a perennial North American
ornamental grass known for its incredible drought tolerance and the pink
color of its inflorescences (flowerheads). Its pink plumes are an added
bonus to its overall durability. This grass, native to Florida and other
southern US states, is most comfortable in dry, rocky soil. It may not be
ideal for surviving a Pennsylvania winter, but its remarkable resilience in
harsh heat conditions makes it a go-to grass for anyone living in a state
whose journey from late fall to early spring is more forgiving.
6. 6. Zebra grass: The zebra grass plant is a perennial grass known for its
green foliage with horizontal bands of yellow on its leaf blades. Zebra
grass is also known as Japanese silver grass due to the showy, silvery-
white flowers it produces. Zebra grass has a propensity toward clumping
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together in large hedges. Combined with its ability to reach a mature

height of seven feet tall, it can make quite an imposing addition to your
yard. Still, whether you’re landscaping a cottage garden or require a low-
maintenance, solitary specimen plant to place indoors, you can modify
the growth rate of this Japanese forest grass to meet your needs.
7. 7. Maiden grass: Maiden grass is one of the most common ornamental
grasses. It is easy to grow and adaptable to a wide range of growing
conditions. It produces slender, silver-green stems with beige, feathery
foliage. It is hardy in zones four to ten and does best in full sun and
moist, well-draining soil.
8. 8. Pampas grass: Pampas grass is excellent at providing a privacy barrier
for gardens and yards. Mature plants can reach up to twelve feet tall with
a six-foot-wide spread. They have cascading green foliage with large,
golden, feathery blooms. Stems can be dried and used in flower
arrangements. They are hardy in zones eight to ten and do best in full
sun and well-draining soil.
9. 9. Blue oat grass: Blue oat grass produces large, silver-blue, grass-like
foliage. It can reach heights between three and six feet tall. Mass
plantings help add privacy to gardens and lawns. They are hardy in zones
four to eight.
10. 10. Feather reed grass: Feather reed grass provides a dramatic
visual effect to gardens and can be used as a privacy screen. The 'Karl
Foerster' cultivar is particularly popular. Green foliage at the base turns to
golden brown stalks that sway in the breeze. It thrives in wet, swampy
soils but will tolerate drought conditions. Feather reed grass is hardy in
zones four to nine.
11. 11. Mexican feather grass: Mexican feather grass has a mounding
growth habit and produces long, green stems with golden, feathery
foliage. It is hardy in zones six to ten and will tolerate full sun or part
shade. It takes well to trimming and will quickly produce new growth
after pruning. It is tolerant of most soil types, including sandy and clay
soils, but does best in well-draining, slightly acidic soil.
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DIFFERENT TYPE OF HOUSE PLANT

1. Money tree (Pachira aquatica)

We’re just as disappointed this isn’t the Sims’ money tree 🤑, but IRL the money
tree is a symbol of positive energy, luck, and prosperity. Who doesn’t want that?

Light: Bright, indirect lights. Thrives in fluorescent lighting (perfect for

apartment living).

Water: Water when the soil is almost completely dry at top.

Pet friendly: Yes.

Plant parent level: Beginner to intermediate.

Pro tip: Wipe any accumulated dust off the leaves.

Purchase this plant.

2. Fiddle leaf fig (Ficus lyrata)

The fiddle leaf fig is an instagram plant fave and great decor for a boring
corner. With its glossy, dark leaves, it acts as an extra statement piece to any
room.

Light: Place it in a well-lit spot where it will receive indirect lighting all day long.
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Water: Keep the soil moist, but let at least 1 inch of soil dry out before watering
again. During the summer it requires more frequent watering.

Pet friendly: No. It’s toxic if cats or dogs ingest it.

Plant parent level: Intermediate. The fiddle leaf fig can be quite the diva.

Pro tip: This plant loves it some humidity so giving it a good mist keeps it
happy.

Purchase this plant.

3. Rubber plant (Ficus elastica)

The rubber plant is the less finicky sister of the fiddle leaf that you can tame
down to 1-foot tall with pruning. It’s deep, green leaves have a rubbery look
that is v bold.

Light: Give this one bright light, but not direct sunlight.

Water: Try watering it about 1 to 2 times a week (yellow leaves = lay off the
water). Let the soil dry on top before watering. Make sure to really keep it moist
during the summer, which is when it thrives.

Pet friendly: No. It’s poisonous to pets and humans if eaten.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

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Pro tip: If you want new leaf growth after leaves have fallen off, cut a small
notch in the node where the leaf fell from.

4. Giant bird of paradise (Strelitzia nicolai)

Another tropical fave, the giant bird of paradise plant has tall stems with
banana-like leaves. Flowers can develop, but unfortunately they don’t typically
appear indoors.

Light: It enjoys bright, indirect light. Too much direct light can damage leaves
and flowers.

Water: Keep soil moist. In colder months, let the soil dry out more before
watering.

Pet friendly: No. This plant is toxic to felines and fido.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: Rotate the plant every so often for optimal growth.

Purchase this plant.

5. Madagascar dragon tree (Dracaena marginata)

We love a good low-maintenance plant, and one of the most popular is the
Madagascar dragon tree. This plant has great architectural leaves, curving as it
grows for a tropical look. Bust out the kiddie pool and mojitos, who needs
a real vacation, anyway 🍹.
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Light: Set this on in moderate to bright, indirect light.

Water: Water when soil dries out at top. Leaves will turn black if overwatered.

Pet friendly: No. Sap is toxic to animals.

Plant Parent Level: Beginner to intermediate.

Pro tip: Overwatering this plant can be tempting, but just let it live.

Purchase this plant.

6. Dracaena corn plant (Dracaena massangeana)

The dracaena corn plant is easy to maintain, and with its yellow and green
leaves, it can brighten up your living space. This plant also made the list of air-
filtering plants from the NASA clean air study.

Light: It loves bright, indirect light, and fluorescent lighting. Avoid direct
sunlight.

Water: Water when soil becomes slightly dry at the top. Be sure not to overwater
because the tips will turn brown.

Pet friendly: No. Toxic to animals.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: Don’t use leaf shine on corn plants. They’re not a fan.
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7. Bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii)

We love some tropical vibes (seeing a pattern? 🌴). The bamboo palm is one of
the easier palms to take care of, and adapts easily to its environment. So if
sunlight is an issue, we’ve got you. Plus, add it to the list of air purifying plants.

Light: This plant likes all lighting except direct sunlight.

Water: Keep soil moist, but be sure to have drainage for the plant. It doesn’t
like too much water.

Pet friendly: Yes.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: Overwatering is the bamboo palm killer. It hates soggy soil. If you have
a history neglecting plants, the bamboo palm is definitely for you.

Purchase this plant.

8. Heartleaf philodendron (Philodendron hederaceum)

This is a go-to gift for birthdays, weddings, and anniversaries due to its heart-
shaped leaves 💚 (what better way to show your love than a plant!). It loves to
climb and makes a great hanging plant, plus it’s also very hard to kill. New
plant parents rejoice!

Light: It likes medium light, but can tolerate bright, indirect light.
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Water: Keep soil moist at all times.

Pet friendly: No. This plant is poisonous to cats and dogs.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: You can keep this plant small if you don’t have the space to let it grow.
Just trim it down.

Purchase this plant.

9. Monstera (Monstera deliciosa)

Also known as the Swiss cheese plant for its holes, the Monstera is iconic from
many 70’s photographs, album covers, or advertisements.

With its aerial roots, the Monsteraloves to climb and spread out. Be sure to
place it somewhere where it can take up some room. Buyer beware: This plant
is pricey and will set you back a few bucks.

Light: Give it bright, indirect light. Avoid placing it in direct sunlight.

Water: Water whenever the soil starts to dry out.

Pet friendly: No. This plant is poisonous.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: Occasionally wipe leaves off for any dust particles.
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Purchase this plant.

10. Polka dot plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya)

Need some color to brighten up a drab room? The polka dot plant comes in a
variety or colors, but is often known for its pink spots.

Light: Indirect sunlight is best, but direct sunlight during the day works if the
plant doesn’t have much color yet.

Water: Well-drained and moist soil.

Pet friendly: Yes.

Plant parent level: Beginner to intermediate.

Pro tip: They aren’t too difficult to grow, but they do have a shorter lifespan
compared to most plants. Keeping this plant indoors actually prolongs its life.

Purchase this plant.

11. Calathea beauty star (Calathea ornata)

This is a great beginner plant. It’s easy to maintain once you find the right spot,
and it can brighten up just about any room you want with its vivid colors.

Light: Medium light is preferred, so try near a window.

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Water: Water it weekly, and allow soil to almost completely dry between
waterings.

Pet friendly: Yes.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: Experiment around your house for the best spot for the plant, and if it’s
leaves curl it’s thirsty!

Purchase this plant.

12. Rattlesnake plant (Calathea lancifolia)

As part of the Calathea family, the rattlesnake plant shows off pale and dark
green, wavy leaves. It’s definitely a unique looking plant you’ll want to have in
your little plant oasis (snakes not included 🐍).

Light: This one needs plenty of diffused lighting. Direct sunlight will cause
leaves to lose their color. The better the light, the better the foliage.

Water: Maintain damp soil at all times, and don’t let it sit in water.

Pet friendly: Yes.

Plant parent level: Beginner or intermediate.

Pro tip: Search for the best lighting location for this plant to thrive. It might
take a few tries.
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13. Snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata)

Also known as Sansevieria or mother-in-law’s tongue (yikes 😂), the snake plant
can easily adapt to wherever you place it. It’s also an air purifying plant and an
all-around great plant for newbie plant parents.

Light: This one does best in moderate to bright, indirect light, but it can adapt
to low light.

Water: Allow soil to dry out before watering, and be sure to drain. It will rot if it
sits in water.

Pet friendly: No.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: This plant produces oxygen at night and doesn’t need a lot of light, so
it makes a great bedroom plant.

Purchase this plant.

14. Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum)

The spider plant name originates from the look of the plant’s slender leaves
spilling over and creating other little plantlets (we promise no actual spiders).

It also loves moisture and is the perfect plant to stick in the bathroom. Plus it’s
great for air purifying (another check for a perfect bathroom plant).
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Light: Give it bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight.

Water: Keep well-watered, but water less in the winter.

Pet friendly: Yes, but it can be mildly hallucinogenic to cats (like catnip). Still,
it’s recommended to keep away from cats as it can cause an upset stomach,
vomiting, or diarrhea.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

Pro tip: You can also create a second plant with baby spider plants. The baby
spiders can be pressed down into compost, creating a self-root, giving you a
second plant.

Purchase this plant.

15. Zenzi ZZ (Zamioculcas zamiifolia)

The Zenzi ZZ plant is the little sib of the larger ZZ plant. With its dark green
leaves and thick stems, it’s perfect as a desk plant (plus, it might make you
want to go to work!).

Light: It does best in a shaded area. Avoid direct sunlight.

Water: It’s drought tolerant so only water whenever the soil starts to dry out.

Pet friendly: No.

Plant parent level: Beginner.

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Pro tip: Less water is better for this little guy. Too much water can make its
stem and roots rot.
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REFERENCES

https://www.gardenia.net/plant/chamaecyparis-obtusa-nana-gracilis

https://dengarden.com/landscaping/SmallTreesforaSmallYardorGardenTreesUnderThi
rtyFeetTall

https://www.thespruce.com/medium-sized-trees-for-small-yards-5119286

https://www.instanthedge.com/flame-amur-maple-
hedge/#:~:text=Flame%20Maple,gold%20and%20copper%20in%20fall.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_circinatum

https://www.uaex.uada.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-
database/shrubs/common-sweetshrub.aspx

https://directree.org/common-box-buxus-sempervirens/

https://www.almanac.com/plant/butterfly-bush

https://www.gardenia.net/plant/abelia-grandiflora-glossy-abelia

https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/linnaea-x-grandiflora/

https://www.monrovia.com/glossy-abelia.html

https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/siberian-peashrub

https://calscape.org/Ceanothus-thyrsiflorus-(Blueblossom-Ceanothus)
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