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 *

RESEARCH BULLETIN
No I

THE INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY AND BOTAl^Y

FUKIEN ACADEMY

w
^ n

101

THE FUKdEN AOACiSlllY

YUN€»AN » FUK EN
I » CHjfNA

^^. .,
 1 -24)

Notes on Some Fukien Species of the Family Ustilagin-

aceae " by Ling Yunp 4 CJken Tsing-Lien

……' ' 25— 38)

Ill
On A New Species of Phlebotomus Found in Fukien,

China - by (. a. Tang <S £• Maa

' (39-58)
The Seasonal Distribution of Planktonic Diatoms of the

Offshore Waters of Amoy …… by G. Ohin

•
59~76)
Analysis of the Flys Feeding Habits and the Discrimina-
tion of Its Breeding Places —- •• by Huang-Chen

) (77 — 84)
Phytopathology of Citrus in Changchow, Fukien (1st Re-

port ) by Che-Poh Chen A ShuiOhen Chiu

85 — 96)
A Study of the 28-spotted Ladybird, JSpilachna vipirUioetoma'
culata Motsch* (A Preliminary Report) —- by P&'Hsin Lin

97-102)
Studies on the Morphology, Habitat, and Life History of

Saturnia Pyretorum Westwood by Chen Ying

 .

NcyTES ON S<^5?W(ml BSftS^ 1 ttOaiY ' ,

I: , \t*in%}\ (^\Sl^.. UKG Yong ana CHElf T«tag-Lfen

m¥
3f¥ t
C^odontia P. «eftn.,
U. spbaeMj|,»aa
^ '
Ustfta#»«eae,)

,|J^
*
E
*

:^QW«itorsimna Sprang.,
g.
*

',
* &
X
*»

L! 3tila^

U. Ton|lliQ«n«» Tracy
08 U
"
^

— ' .
,

as ¥i-Aftmm'i' mt^im^ mm^jmrnm

ipcfi ,5U 3'>** IS

'

W^T-i
5!11^^ :& «f« ~ ii^MifiiJ)
'

« *
-
'^^^
;t#

et Earle ) ,
S, saechan S, folygEoni-aejoticow ( P* H«Bn. > MiV^be

f
 • - )

21 S& K
( Berts. ) Corau, C. Suedae Sawada, C. Rmbristylis -Kagiensis Saw. var. fukieneiw
si Jf? If > C. piluHfere. » C. pulrbra S. Ito, SorosporiniD ArundineUae Syd., S.
Paspa li- Thun ber ( P. Henn. ) S. Ito, S. formosanum Saw., S. flagellatuin Syd.
et Biitl. , S. Andropogonis-micrantM^il » Tolyposporium bullatum C Schrot. ) Sch-

^?^
rott.

»
»
»

foram anomala OTariicola ) ,

!^ »
Ustilago Kusacoi Syd.

^ Jar^ 03^ -AJ-eaftj* I

JllliillBP>erg- were ..recorded .ft?mi, ClJ^jna at^qj fifty species
of smut fungi belonging to the family UstUaginaceae. This roujihly estiraated number
ia based on the compiled by Prof. F. L. Tai, of Tainghwa University, and on sotm
list

other recently published

ratively little
^
uufortunal^ FuW«6k|.remain3 to this day compa-
explored on this mycological branch. Apart from some commou parasites
confined to wtmp^ :P^W^^ti^'^^rJm'-m<4m!(4]¥i-^iim<h ml^y.fmm'^^ on spon-
taneoiM plants of this region, were recognized, namely Opnodordis P. Henn.,
I/,
17. BobenhoTBiiana Spreng. , m.JUm0imms J^m^^ et Earle, aod U. sphaerogena
Boar.
In the autumn e b«t* m »» :]t|ia%m fungal collection du-
riug our journey through tfie central Fukien and a part of our preliminary studies
constitutes the main matter of tbis paper. Subseqneutly some species found elsrwbere
are aI«o herein embodied, and eltogether more than thirty species, scattered among
sbc obt of tji« sew mmm'Wim^' mm^¥- ftre ceiaiamtiKl, j
"

- ,.

^^ Sem ^famm mA 6m vmetr me '

#aoribed iw a&w mad about tbirteen

pikvim^ diestnbed ones ar© for the (irst time Accredited to Cmn. Tfiene aw Usl4r-

(
IM*
" ipermophoi-ides

)
et

S«y; H
nm,, ,. Cer"ai
Earle) comb. nov. S. sp,
TakahT, 'FaryHia Varich-fmei'^m 8.
lifo, Sphacdoiheea hngliiiemie
FdpgoTd^mntmBiC?,
S.
lU^rP^KiMmm <DC.
aint^aiiiia atidola (Berk.) Gftrtfu, Xli Sttedm 'mmmi^::Q^ Fimbfint^^
Kagiensu Sawada var. fidimwm" var. nov,, (. piluli/hra sp. nov., </. pulckr^
it '^^'^o^ekinm- immMmllaS Syd* , Si Pm^Wrhmfm'pii < Hftin. > S.
Ito, Sorosp<yrium arUiKiuiellue Sy<i.. S. Paspali- rhuubcTgi"?. Henn.):S.
,<^ Sawada, S. flagdlatutn et Bat!" St. Andtopofftynia-miemnr

-*^:'«t«r4%(4»mpi: «f mymm^ «3tld<ar«tioh , i repeals hamgi^ti ftii4)^mQl«^ t^^

 . ,.

16 .1

'
fuugft! vegatatton of this region is. and What a great amount of taxonomi'' work aw-

USTUAGO ( Pers. ) Rousad

"
FI. Calvados, ed. 11, 44 (1806)

yA^LIAGO HORDEt ( Pers. ) I.Rg€rb., Mitteil. Bat. Bot. Vers., 70 (lRf»9)

Liro Utilag. Finn., I, 103 (1924) S. Ito, Wyc.Fl.. Jap., 11, 8 fig. 2 ( 1936 )

UtcfJo segetum <* Ho-fdH feis.^ Disp. MetL Funj.

'

, 5*7 ( 1797 )
-
IMiki^, segUum Ditm., in S^im, Deut. FI., Ill (l), 87 (1817).
^l^i^'Xjsiiiago 'mbi>.Hordei, FhilUp.
Uslilago ca-rbo * vulgorru c
, Trait* (Jar. Chajl>.,
^ ( 1887>, p, p.
/fwt/fana Tul. , in Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 ser vn

V^filago .^cpetum var. ll<mki f. f a Jors., Cm. Korns.Jrn^.^ 61 (!8^>8),

^^^^*^miago Jemehii Kbatr'. , Overs. Kong, Den?k Vid. Selsk. Forh.,. 12
{IB9Q)^
Usdlago Uo-rdii (Pers,) KHl. et Swing., in Ann. Kep, Kans. Agr Exp'

Yell, m'Comt last. Bot. Acad. Peip., (1934)

11, 171 Sben. ^ Sinistra » j^,

'
Habit: On Hdfdeu4n atiium J^ns.' Fukien S^y^i*n/'{^ii(i,»C V-n > ,
~"
Apr. 27, 1942 (Chen. 150), '

.n;-Th& ^e. 6chum M^irJey, cauk^g aSewSlino.n covered smut .cU^ease,,^.

": XgO N CJens;fR^tr:; in Tuis: Land.k., Virr:745i4)

l.iro=!. F.nn
f
I,
^7 ^c^p" J.,
C ,924 )
Wa.o segetum Ditm. In Sturm/Dent. A, III,
(1),
S. Iu>
6 ;.
(18^7) p p,
oaf-Bcr,li B'n;ip.,- Tr.ite Car. <^V,
'-. ^ C^im xl pi p

^0
tstilapo
f 1847 )
carbo «
p,
tiit— c. JMam, 1«1, m Ann.' S=. Nat., 3 . vil,

U^mffo- se^etum -at. Hcrdci f. ("u Jens., Om. Korns. Brand., 62 m

m
, (.189^ ""V
Teng, m Conlr. Bio!. Lab.
Ke". et Swing., in
Ann. Rep. Kaus. Agr. Stat.,
Sci. Sec. Chma, VU, 100
1932 >
11

Yen, m Gontr. iMt. Bot. Acad. c 1

(
Pdp. IV r( tao«\
P , ly .
19"8 ) , Shen, m Sinensia
( 19S4 ) IV, 303

Apr:;:/^:"m Jen" S—
The apeeles _M ^B^^y ^.
,

i
CH^..>,
 . ^ ;

4 ^ii^^^.

15
USTILAGO Tia^lCl
C 1890 )"^' cflmtoi),
(

N.
Pers. > Ro8|r.,, Qvers. .Kpp^.^ D§n?ji«i
Am. Flf, VII, 8 C 1908 ) S. Ito,
m%)WR,
Myc. FL
,
13 fig. 7 ( 1936 )

Uredo stgdutn fA-^Hci, ^era. j^isp. Mft^. Fung. 57 (1794).

U^lilago s€(Murn Ditp.^ in Stuqip. Peut. Fl. Ill, U), 67 C 1817).

. Us<iio^o ca^bo T'ntict thrii/lP.*, Traite'Car.Cbarb., 92 < 1837).

IJislilqgo c«krbo^ * vnl^mM a T^rilipf^ » .^uy v%f pf f Vn»
,
,
, ,

^ (1847)V:/: ; ,-.IFr.«(^n4^%#,,",«8M\
- - J .uUiUM •

^ ^
va5,f, ;
Bio!. Lab. '36 Soc. diiina/'Vlt^ i?6')9 V Y*^, in Conl^ib,., l^s^ J^ji, Acad,
Peip., n* til fX^J-y 1 Mien, .in Sinenila , , | V, ^
mi j .
'
'[

: Mar. 13, 1942 (Chan, 178 ) . .

*
,.\ 't

The specltii causihg tbfe co&mom K^n^ <m'^||;|^t, «Bonttni6

iiftp^jttanee hi this proylno^. ' ^
'
: >'
ii^',Dl<^i|t^i|

iBTtLAtSO'SPE^RMOraOltA 6erls'. et Curl., Cat, ~ paK^yl!?^ f 1067 >

S«cc., Syll. Fun*, Vtl, 486 ( 1888) Ointon, in Proc Bot. Nat. Hi»t. ^^?«i>> CXUt
365 (iy04), et N. Am. FI., VII. 1? {160U),; Shen, in ^n«iif%, lyl 31Q U 4)

' ' t,
'l<^i(ik^'^<^aiC\^ U 2d (J9(» ) " :' "
mi^(lt>-i;i'UiMih Tm, ih 'OontrV Insu.'Bot. Ac/i^. Peip., II, f,, fig,' 4 ( 935).
^^"fi^f^?,:&::^*^^;:)?^;&~..%?<, feip.,

Sori in ovaries, concealed by the floral part, XonrUp^ ^^i^cftl,

^ and
<3im> obli^tw md^it hndy dt''t~ its 'mni.% \en|th ,alui '9:?1'.", 0, Wth> pio-

ftt^gr.ui threfe^
-
" ?
:
't'!nle +in(',i^pti^;?^ ar4 ^isd^^ng. 1^9 4uaty ,imk
.#»ir€^f««f^/5h ffew Ov&nea of the panicle bAxxf, infected. , >
,

^-
" ,
S 3 subgUte, ell.p^aL ,^„10|»„810.
Y, 4imvt7^nY'i

=^
:0ft *ax9]$ "ei)r8pore light brown, n^/^^y.^ryi^Iat^^l ;W, .t<|A
t
: I t yi^.i, H#«"S'
nity'
of the.eNr#r#ll^^), 14,1842 (Chen. 304
mm%m
Ustilago sperm&^nm^'
, '

^'rm^'aUe' ren'i^'Mmo he 4iMihfiiMMir<^m

Jixvrijft^ is- B^tewol^y 'f hat Bilo^opfiyn^'^ains im^ ^UM^hx i\i4%^id&M^ of Mjtir^
ovaries and give a characteristic c
*
>lor to the false membrane.

Sori ovanicoli eaque in corpuacula* ovoidr^a eliipsoidea iusifonjol' bWiqufl h^^l

intSS^'tonga 0.3 -i^.5 iam} crassa trans^ntes, iJrimo epi(!ifxdi<i4 i/tatiT ¥irfna i^^b&k
teeti, deinom tithssis sp ;ranifn atris pulverulentis ve! intprdiim omnino' hfdid'ui'.'i^i^We
stj&ietejdeae, ovoideae,- ellipf^dcde, ranus iriegulares, 8^14 - Vel '12'^ Wy C'- f 2 * ti

fc^itJentiBs, eplspopa plus fiftitesve satni*- brdntic^ ttfe'ute'^m.fiHt^ ^e^liltt^i^ab.

in ovnriis E-fag'>'osiu japonicae (Thunb, Trin.
•;"( ^- '
-
-^"^^
)

j
Sod in ovaries, -stirrounded yy thft fWrdl pafts ^Mhi'''t1jy* ilfiiSiaw,
'fifdrfjfilttty'

forming ovoid, ellipsoidal, fusiform swollen bodies of 0.8-1 mm. in length and 0.3
•^Bv5 inra. in width, protected for s6me thtie by a firraf giWh/ii wfloir^'falAiy'ineta-
Smne eoivjposed of host ep'sierujis and' Some setBigelatiiiizwl 'ir^nae^r^-tMs meratoae
tbriKng to grajish, finally rupturing and elloifing: the &seaptf<A dfeiy '^^SU '9p6te^^i^^;
sometimes sori faliit^ entirely. A}! xat' a few ^^rie* W ^in^ b^te^^ '"
''-m^iiawf ss^ieroldat, ellipsoidal or e^etidSMly -Iri^giilSt, * '
8-^l'#'|t, of "^-^W 12

-"• '"Habit:: On E-M^-osHis japomm' ('mmb.)'Trttu iM,- im&r<riipt^-''BmB vmi

iemissima S^; )^ futo^n : ShaMeny' vlcMty «P <i^'f bid, ' m2
(*K>en. 301 )v ' -' -''
'

'
'- yn'j ft's *«?f "
"'J;''4M8 9pm^ gtrengly fesefnWfes"t;. 1
#moi)&<«*g fetk¥t"'
color of fruiting bodies. It may, however, be distinguished by the larger '&nd "Ifn^lal^i-
#0r«» land by so^ Skc^ th« 'ii5vvdbjWag'.iftiines»i*rS&«r'-<>«^b!:igffecie3 tit^ 1>oth
r^ftiatHbble feiOB'g t^'loBM-'t?lNlci(^'^!>y''\lfeff -^i ife:fu^ « tBds- f ithef 'f irfn host
epidermis. -5 "rm^und , ^i' -

'

USHLAGO CYH0D0!>5TIS P.>ltetiikV% Bref. Utrteis. Mylt. , XII,

IDS ( 18y3 ) Sacc, Syll. Fun^l , XlV, 416 !189&)' Mcatp. j-^Smat of Au3tr .
, 155
( 1910) Scheli., Beitr. Krypi. Schw., HI, 13 (1911); Aeng, in -Cohtr, Bid. Lab.
Sc. S>c. CMna, Vty Yerii Irf Cohtr. W^l 'Bdt. k6««Fl»<^l, Hi, 32, fig.

8, pK Vni, fig: i'-24 (1^55*)^ Sheii, in Sirienila, mmimfK'-'m-txaj'mii

Ft. Jap.;; II, 5»S.- fig. 2a (195By.
'' '
' : ''^^"^"""

'^WMago iegdmi '- rafl •

0>wo U^tisf P. Henn., in Ei4l.'^*Bdi. Jahrb. XiV, 339

(.1892) .
' -
-
'- W"""
si>ores globose^
 . ,

- ®
oToid, usually
Habit

%,^f^42 (Qbrn. 191)

6-9
On Cy-Hodon dadylon Pers.
Yungau, Moping
ii,
, wkh light brown and smooth epispore.
Fukit a

(
Yuntai, Taikow
) , Oct. I,
(
1942 C
,

Ling wjthoat
Sept.

no. )

USTILAGO ESCULEIflA.P. Heao., ia Ke<\w., XXXiV 10 (188^) Saec., Syll.

Fupg.y XI, 232 (1895)

4^tr Kiel*
in Ann. Myc,

Lal^. 50.,,^
150,
,Chi|xa,. VIl, 99 (1932^ . Y.en, in
1.

.
VI- VU (1907)
Cppj^, Exo^^
Teng,

^1935)- Sben, .m SiH^nsiji, iV, 2" {19-U).; S- Ito, S^yc- Fl. Jap,,, II

Oct. I , 1942 (Chen. 308). ,

,
, ... -
cr-iv -V. -/-vm ai

,ee«<?M'. Objected .sbo^, of, pjj^pt jA ponip)t»Iy cultivated for,^tbIe,tt8e. -;.

-u»uV?>TM^<MmmhM'*. Ui Mem.,li^rb, 3oiss. IsJ, 4 (im) ., Sapc., $}rlL

|"«og., XVI, '^69 (1!^) Heaa., in Ei)gi. J3ot. Jah.b.» XXX 2s5 .^1905>^
Teng, in Contrib. Bioh l^, SCr Soc. Giiina, V II , IQQ (1932) Shen, in Sin«Bj8^a>
IV, 302 (1934) S. Uq, Myc. JI. Jap., H, 20, fig. 16 (i9'30).

u Son usually involving fti «arly time the whole iftflorescenc? end the apical part
of stem, converting ihem into a iiromintnit sieader wliip fike body reaching otten 30
cm* lon^ mid 3-4 mw-.Cfoss, protected at fir.u by the leaf - shvath which t)coor.:es
80Qn shredded, coverect fer-sfxaie time by a leaden -coloml delicate traa? parent false
membrane chiefly coiti posed of bust t.i»s-.>s u])on the rupture, the (kisty black spore
iityxss becoming scattered a«d living behind tbo naked elongated axis cf mfected
iofiorescence. ,, r.s»s..

Spor^ subglobose, ovoid, or angularly globose, 4 -6 U in diameter epispore snv-

<!Wh, yeUow brown sterile cells usually cateuaifd,byaliiie, subglobose or subnoE-ular,
usually 8— 20U interraixted with aporeg.
Habit: On MucanihuA sincvA-^ Hack. Fukiea Yungau, Moping ( rk-ir-i'-^l- > »
gpt. 28, 1942 (Clwa, Yuj^taj. Gaiyan^ im^W) , J"ne 12, 1942 ( Chen.
IP. • On Mucaiilhv^
(Chen, 299).
^.ifnUm y Shahsien, vicinity of ciiy^ ( Oct. 15, if
,

.
Al^liouiih vhe mamria| cited abovje is r^ttr^ble tor ilie singly species, tliere is con?*
iderablQ yariatwn m ^i^ wrus formation, Soti nay app«ar on very young host plant as
wrfl as on inflorescence. They are in ihe former case, however, miich smallef aad
sl^prter. In aeditio^^o^-tl^,. we ref^_r ala^ to \ii^s 9i)eci<>3 ihejoilowin^ sgecuTfn ni
^

which a quite different mod« of infection may he observed. ,

' "

",
 - '

, , Sf 37

circiaatcvtortuosi? , 3—5 cm. ions!5s, 0.5—0.6 mm. crassis, prime glumis (pal ) fei«
imnmtatis ^hyparirophipis vireseemibus iHirsistentibua iachisls, deia praminentlbus epid-
ernaid^ plurabfc^>^bes<^ente traBspareate lenuisaLme tect^s er^iryijeftJibttSiiue caetert
ut in typo. Habit in ovarii* MiHcanihi airmen ^is Hack. .

tortuose at the upne.r part, '3 — S cm. long, 0.5—0.6 rrrm. broad piotectert 9t Jirst ,
-by

the viR^^QCut ^^,^imt ,^i^ stjrongly ^ojfgi^ ipner $Iu£Mt^, covered by transp-
arent letuien colomi host epidermis, it^n throwing out and becoming ruptur|?<L
On Muca-i^km
1842 fCneg* 20§)
nnomu
—… '
Hack, Fukien
^ .
Yuntai , Wutungwei
"7 r/ "
( , June
'r:A r'T;^ J
§

t.^e spec'trn^tQ ^c^lsls^ of iqflorespepce hrauch" probably of tUe s^tne l^aft

plant nearly all spil^^lets are jnjxired in one of these branches and but a few
other- The <:l<Hfon:n^io^i <)f ijy'timi sijiWts 19 ma^Ved by ^n. jiljnoime^l ,4fivelopment of

t)ie flower .p|f^^ ^he i^^^er j^lmaes, whjsAi ar«t,saiJ^ an4 tbinly mpml?faneceous m
normal flowers^ bf^comc much increased in size, thickened, acqTuring a foliar t«»xtui^.
Of those glumes, the superior mo yHlm)^ esp^eciiaiir^. ^ro\tfs .eawsjP^siyely^eloa^ted,

wrinkled, often distorted in the upper portk)n, enfolding the filiform soma. Usually,
however the outer glumea b^^ca^ne ^lig;bil5^ enlpr^edj but reii^ia unchauged in Conn.
Forced growth of thft flower i>;|rts 5» re markable so lba,t j!>5ur€^ mfl^jj^BonQm glv^s fxf^p

to % son of (/yv'itcbf:s' broom''. A such s(>rus, arising wa single. ovary and surrou^
nd i:! ,!;y the deforixfed gtume>, U '^oru parable to the Whip- sojrust formed; by
whjie inflorescence?, though in different nro:>ortions.

Judging from the^m4QiX>3Couit^ foaturp, the fungus seem's to bo cons}>. /

'. \ ,

Ku<:ariOi Syitow. It is not dilficult to conceive that wiieii the mycelium Mr}>w^, ihrough
the host tissues in c^jrtaia manner to keep pace wth the gUmttkof its hast plant until
blooming time, the fungus would find finally as seat of altaok but ibe dereloping ovaries,
where fomjatiou ^ of spores mmi be restrained* Ttus penxiit possibly to explicate ^
why
the abnormal form sori arc b^rue exclusively from ovaries.

USTftAGO WtAMINEA Sydow, in Ann. Myc. pcir,^|81 1»24 >

Myc. fL jap, !" 25, fig* 22 ( 193« )l
'
' " C S. Ito,

UsHlapo SacchaH Fisch. d, WjiWji" Le8..UstiL esq. Mjji)? r" 2/" iw),
Sacc, I, 25, pi. IV (1908) Si", in Sinensfa, IV, iS' tmii^ non Robb.
Sori in infiorescence, cuBvening It intu a very prominent elongated whip-like bodr
up to 3tf cm. long'ahd 5—6 nun, cross, surroundeci at first by^ the leaf-aheatti, eoT-
er^ by B. delicate te4(!en-colored false triembrane corp'pt^seS of i)ogt/ tissuf-s and some
s^cMg^Slatinizcd futigoxfs'thMds, thft ruiitufing ancl diacto^mji a duPiy Kjack brown spore
mfe<® Which bfeco^hfei sc^atlered, and leaving Tinally 'behind the loag naTsed axis of inft
" i) «S
 s'6?»res' snh06\Hm, Ovoid, o0te Hy'ltirW about 6— 10 It in dianreteir, fepispore

lm^»4 mirttttfSIy if^Mnrilate ft^Wlf eeRs ijgh* Mown tinted, ajHodaled in'chaiiiS

in groups, subglolxjse angalnf, thickly wa!1e-J, ?ftach larger tban' spores.

HAbitt '(5h Sa<TAamm offkinahm I- Txikim : Siriyuati, Pantow' (H7£#P),
July 16, 1942 f€shsn. 2«2).
'
^7he futi^s Causing* the smtjt of Sugat-Caue, is of great economic inpftrtjince'ift

'<
.
t*/.

USTII.AGO COIC S Bref , Untcrs. Gesamnngeb. Myk., XII, 110, Vi_^ fig.

(1895) Sicc^
.

Syiu' Yung.; XIV, (1 [ j; S. Ito, Myc.

t)J.

FI. Jaji II,

'"fifaWt *0n 6*oiaj Lac-r^via-JoU Linn. Fukien tunayen, Shihctwiig' ),

Nov. 10, 19^1 iUm. 4 N.nyanj*, Sitab ( if^j^i?? ), Dic. 25, 1943 (Ling, with",

out rib.).
"Rie funiJua causes siil«t of Job's-iears.

' tJSTILAGO ZE.VE (Beckra.) Ungar,, Einfl. Bodeiis, 2ii (1P3G) Clint.,' in 'procl
IM/'Ste-. Sbc. Nat. Hist., XXXI, n2 (mi); Scbelf, Beitr. Krypt. Sihw.,' ni,
2C fig.: ; Lindau, Krypt, Maris. Brand., -
a (8j, ,7 fig, i (mk.) ';

Yen, in Con tr. Inst. B»t. Acaci, Peip.,

S. Ito, Myc. Fl. Jap.,

'
Lkopordo'/i Zcat BeclKn-,
II, 36, fig.

Emmv.
35
Ill,

U '
Mag
49, fig.

, \"
7, pL

1330 (1768).
vil, H , I - 27 (1833).

-'

"'- IMxlago Maydi:^ 0,>rda, Icon. Fung., , 3 (1842) Fisch. d. waiaii^lj^

I^Hftfl.l^l ^undgr" 4l Sic.%,
.
Cl.8?3)

mm).
Syl!.
':
Fung.,'
--' ^'
'472 (188S)
,
' ;'pfcwr,,

(&
'

^'ohdgr. l!red.' et - '

-

11
--"
mia^Jd
18 .
- May,
'
Wit., Pilz. T>^::;YM!fMi) - '-'
{ Bubak
'

?.^'^13.1ȣ/,

'(:"a'<70
"
rtabit

Exf)eritn*:iit
r
Map'x - Zcae Magn., in Dent. Bot. Moaatsoh., XIII, 53 (i886".
Cn 'Zc^' Ma, s linri'.f vlMen Yangan,
Staiiun (without no.).
Jierbarium of Agriculturgl (
'^hb fungus producing the smut grills on Maize.

H'
,!1% S^^I^AIANA
$a?c.:iyH.
P. Jfenn., in Eogl. Bot. Jahrb., XXVIII," 260 "^1901).

^
Fung., XVI, 369..U»Q2)^; IJori, 'iin,BuU Imp. Agr.
Stat tokxo,, !, U 0905) Pali, et Chad,, in jPhytopatl)., VI, 85Ut9J6)
—"^ja^i0V^?£
ffJ'-
Syd«w,

f
J«I)., II,
A^l^;^
28
, ( 19S^). .
'
j^ye
 9

Oint-raclm Bamlwae Miynbe ct Hon, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, XIX, 199 { liXfo ?acc.,

Syll, Fung.* XXI. 512 ^ 5 , . : \ ,, j

'-'

Sori on young pboots destroying partially the brancblets, form jug slightly swollen
tubulfir bodies coated on the infected intempdes, piatrcted «t j>y tlx* lenf-shcathes

fifjhiclJ become sb|-i^d|d^^ in time »ettjiig Upf^. ttifi^^fk r^djf jt» »ivore mass, leaving
,«t; last tlie dcGorticated dins J^fehin^.! « !, ?>. ,^,

s.;: ;- g^e3 subglobiMie, ellipspidal, ofelong, e-?}^ ^anietejCfc ^piapor^ smooth, brown
tinted.
Hadit ; Otx. gkyUodackyr apjp. I"al^?AV$l|8|isi J^j^l^Wf ,^ March
29, 11842 (Chen, 232
The fup£us
V Ywtm, Gaiyasg, ( J 42», Ir^Ha XOben. 232).
is widely <iist|-ibu|^ in souihem Ch^na,] oceurring im . many species of
PhifUeiiacJiis, Sma, J^tAfuiifitUa, «tc,. The leaf-slie^^tties sr* leCt^ intact surrounding
>^.^i^8. Tbf> prmi9c« trfiiangi^: 5e«ms ,1© «^«ite the ^owtiif ^f miectmi shoots and
tfee prodjactiQU/pf, ft aorr of witQljes?' lyomn with sbfti^enea: taranclies and small
leaves. -- '- -'' •-
. ^^^j? ,

l&Wsl % ^u " :

tJSTlLAGO RETlGUAtA Uro, Uatil. Finn., I, 30 (1^24) Yen, in Gontr. Inst.

BoU Aca4. Pfip., IV, U»:€> ; S. Iu>. Myc I, Jgp., 11, 4? (i936>.
Wiktoo utHetdof^um^^M'BtT, J^nfW Boden^, 2U ttl§36)» iv p» ; ScheH, Beitr,
Krypt. Sdw" ii^.idl Hmt-h^P^'P*- 'sm"-":" nm»W id^il >.

:
'

:
l/sliiaffo m^Tieuloia Tuk, in Ann. Scv Nut., 3 s^r.^-VB^, 102, pi. iv, fig, 2 8
jMS47>» p. p. |,.Sa«c^,,SylW Fung., N««* 476 ( 1«8&)^ p.?:'..

Duby.
Sori in ovaries, surroun(^ Jb3^<t^ flora! envelope, forming slightly swollen .aU.bo8e
bodies covered at first,:l«r#'lM^t...^d,is,wh*<aviflt.greitt«;n turning to purplish
this soon rupturing and the purplish brown or d«rk brown si?ore mass becouiing

{' 5. Spores sfit^i^l^ TpIlipBOfdikl^ tmnspa rent, about 8-^^14 U, in diaroeter epispore
purpJi$h brMwn vq^ ls|f|e j^pjpraD^nt ,,wiBgrd. retiei|la%|8, areolae usually 5-6 gonal^

Habit:
)k)Apr
On Pol^Qomim 0}acum Samu^bson. Fqkjan
%%PYmZ.'mnemnl^2km^',i*olffmmm- timoBum Hanu
Sanyufio, Sbayanf}
Fulsien:
(
Sany-
mf*y ^^y^m- AiSM^M-- Jt5» 1 ^ /89 iS-jg 158 > , .
( .

Tba!,^cie» is ct^^mitTi7:^4J>y ;ni^djum-s)3?e<l SyOres witU ralber Iarg« reUcu^

^ftliona; . it ^ \ifsm,,iej^^^,i^ MMmi^ lm^kifQlium Ait., P. uo iosum
 - i

mmmmmmm^wm ,
mm mm
IJSTILAGO C(3RDAI Liro, Ustil. Finn., I , 12 (1924) S. Uoj- U^: FI.

42, fig. 41

U»tU<igo it^ritnUm A^. ' !*af. p. p.

'-

Sdri iR ovfifiies, Hurrmtnded by ttfe iierifii«h Se|!ment», fomiirtg sligUtly sWolkto

sphftnc«1 bodies up to 2 — 3 mm. in diameter, covered by t!te gref^Mi theft ptirt>lf«h
Iwst «|Jj(1ermisi .
tm »Mn' Tu^tiirirtg and th* tnirpfrsh browft siiwte m<isa b^oemmg
scattered, mli
6pop«!» spheroidal, elHt>aoidal, eventually Irreiular, trsftbpamrt',* afi^mt 'S -12 U,

.
Jb diAmfster, epispore pitr^^h briwa, with

«n»* ateola© usually

iiabit On
3""6~81—
^

jRdlf 0ntiin 'hj^iropip&r

S v , ratftt?r fnV»<tll nro'Tiinftnc

I- vai?/
^vinig* "Tfefry

flttcHdum
wmgi».d -To^'ctilati-

'thin trSns^wifii^t.
( tfiisQ . )»6«^w^r<l».
Ttftiwi : Sftnytidn, Shfeyang ( '^.rmW > Apt') 29 1942 (Chen. 1543. On Pdffd-
'

'HUm k^fdvopipei' L. a/at. iMetem. y,

'
Fukien Yimtai,' Watut^Mrel ( #®fif
) June 5, 1042 (Chen. 214). ^'4
Tte fungus was known by the name lUilacfO uki(nilosa. The species of this
^nas. on tunny P&t mn
wme <;Qi»3i^ered HteAtical unM lli-o ghowd<J that tfkj^ a re
not intcrconvmuniMMiB;

M^.r-P-' y>CMJmum
orfai I^to -ha*: beHft -<%1»?#<
Perrs^ /etc.: rtosfely^ ^nlBed to
^ii

mim^
Mvm' & Mmt^
Konos baC this
latter <iiff<?fs in the light brown epispore with' much sittilfer r®tMiuIali«Jns» .
. >i
) ' 1^ spoyogfiMiusI h5#hije luay be observed m yovJtig %h^m9s mindi; branched
V shontif and transversely ^septajfe ,
into numtn'oua ^ottea fti'lK Within these e«lH
spores rue Urm eiKlogenously by rounding dff, b«»ng ceaced v^kb reticulata <^pist)ore,
whUe t\ie ©verTapijea hyphaf wall becomes gelatinized tlbcr fmsl!^ di«Mrpear».

8PHACEIX)THECA Dc 'BaiT -'

.
'
'

Verg. Morp ». i87 (} ,.

SPHACCLOTHECA TONGLINENSIS (Tracy et Earle) Ling Chen, comft. no^^.
Udilatfo ii>nfiiiwmiH 'Vrttcf et E«He iii Boll.Torr. Bdt Club,
''
XXII T75 (1895)
Sftcc, Sy!r. "n'j?: XW 4?0 ('t P< <jh.'W Aa«. i fef. Cand. Pa
nya, V M, (1912) S. Ito, Myc »i> O. 18^ ftgV'l*XtW*) Teigj ife
Sine VH <2), 2»t { t936>4 •
" ' ,^ ,v-, .
.*\ u' '
Sari in oVariesy conrfiaied by ftrtv«topiag
ftoi^ part^ wbtefi ttenaM feltaot fikmm
slightly swolU-n bodies, about ^S tnrti.' in -lmt*t!i and haif-^s I^lig ar the^flUter |!mag#.
mv«mi hy a finn memn colored fabe tnemUrafk ^HiifeW irwrnj^^^a-
flf'-^Ift-fiyphal

escape «f dusty- black spore mass, ieavmg

finally bohmd a distinct central cMa.ntdIa f
 " , ' -

~ wmi u

^uin«L!a siraple, often brancfee*'at tilte di^^t, 'sS^ndter, ujp to 4 tnitt. I«HHg/ composed;

0f hest tissues and st^rit«

' fu nsjmis threBds, iiFv.aUy siibtended at the base by tlla

tfissita^paietj lo*er ftortiofi of false m^rabraue. Aii ovaries of thfe infected host plant

befe^ jwjufea^withmit ^Mi^e/pum, '! "'

Spores globose, ovoid , rarely anguT^r-S?<>il^^ , nearly eqnnl, tisually 10— I3|t in
dioweter, vllth fifvr mycelial ffa^lfftents n^ttikie'ib tHe vmll epiipore dark brown, about
t. ifx, tb'K^f wkh iJfemrtswit '#tWng acrid tlnfcl^^n^ '<kf*iifi\iMidifs'. «*H!e cells hyaline,

>0abg!'>b(^e, ovitkh fmo(rth,"'idba«t as large As SpWy^ tstihi^^^ed in cUAfcs and firmly

On Ldha.mnffi cimre Rdtz. FoTa%i • "Yfingsli, Mof^hg < )(tP^ 5

Habit :

Mary «, im2 (TJn^y»f«t) r -Ytfb^an, 1*w«tigiS- t k^^^^") {«i'"SO, 19A2 ((^hen.

"
( 5: . ) Apnl ^e, i^t itmn: 'iSsT) :1^rff"U'./ilfjit 25, 1^45 (Chen. ro).
*-ffife' sp^ciftj^fts dt^tf^^Vife' dgi^'W^ vrfbt^'^fib' Seidriijiitrn df this «pfeti«s as <^:ve«
' Sf,

Ttie-^'tnire

On
Itb, btit not

of sjibftfs &^ exactly "wltb

13 U
<iA'0ii\l ^^a§fiOs^*bf racy dud Bftrle .n the

after S. Ito,

df^lie pr^'e^e'b^ (iHtesttd- ^^fit^

9 -ll U aftet Tira'cy nM Earle).
aiYotint? fels*; *ft"niiibr*fae ~coii^ist5ftg of a
xather thick layer of fungous sterile cells,; 'and caiirtot be refer fed
to the genus VUil^po. A ntfiw cotiibSnni^tt of name tl\e«^4f!bre is sugfitesU d . Vf'rfw rr,

Xhn fennrre of spore tbrn At!ijil setjrfrii ^ illu*hra{b'''fftfe '"^^wpoiiit. Am"'''

columella of voung sorus, there arise irora i>e thick inat of mteiw< ''mn
hummiis i^di'-MTTv ' '- iscf! ?twir^frtf^iB fj'Vl^'h^e effecting totv^M^. '.

froth' this hvph .

ntripeta^ maitnef . '

* Th^V nta ' 'crft etiul«tip!y '

iBiiet ffrses 'tfte ^youngest. Subsr>nd<n»t ' *,vdfT>mwt.ii! '^tntJfta ennsist a t!nr\wins} of

iepssp*)!^ a-comfJanfed by sonv it-stnu'tion of mi^^rTaixrd hyph^e t-nd finally a maturing

ti( spore, ms^rt-ftpatiiSwl hy a dis^jppearance' 6f over - owHng hvphni Wwb^rrre. The
prdCednrd is bete Wfefldaity tWe mhtk^ as rin.lf v. •
in other rm mbers of
Spkaeehihectt'
'
'
I '
& 1b hm(M '

' ' 'vrsm^rs^CHA ' Afg a CHen

f sp. nov.

Syn. ( ) (Jililago Sacthah RahenhorstV feitku" er l<??s 1870, 227 in HcdW.

X, 18 (1871) Teijg, in Sinensia, iViI, 258 (1936), "on P*facft.'d. Wal^'.
( t ) Cink'acXia Puh'm'ulenta Cooke 6t Massee, sem'u Sydow, m Ann. Myc.,
' ni! 4 « 'n""r? .S' i?:o uv!:^' ' .t';,

bifida

opatfe?

to,osifa'fea,'ayi
2.5-3,5 ram. longn
W^eo4n4
6
U.C»

;
-0.8 mm. crassrt trarjsformantes,

'st^ilMb^ %V^tMi' tevtbdi '"tat<^iiiil6tfis''. vWte M^|h)tu(iira3

fer ei4llteyM a
primo
^

:
tniefffitkrfa

Sii
 .,

mmmmm mmmm
Voelisq\i,e constituta axhib^iUes sporae sphaerojodteQe,! oyf»^*, rarijjs an^losor-

gkjb<«99f^ ff>-S^,jp (^*rB. , Vfl 4i.5 - a >c,.«,5r^tl raeti^Jiv^es, saepe fra^mentis

hypliaruin adn«te, eplsi)ono sature brunea crebre njjiMi*^^ m}m»i4f^ pf ae^tae

/

^tjf

4k9^t"
ui^hm: ovafNt
fi{|d
entirely d 0
SQnu^ie^-.jshoitly fqi^ked at th^ apex, abont 2.3 ~3?5
^hejao, tornaiog slightly swollen bodies, asuaHy
mm. long ami 0.6

.*~0 .6 mip* cii^SfS, cfwcealefi at first by, enveloping flumes w^jcJj r^fnain. ipalterpd,

covered for some time by a grayish, cream colorfjd false raerabran^* wbicU ifi cpppoped
of 'ithklUy iayermg alerile fungous ceils this becojmng ruptured on ibe upper half
pQitwn 9od di8clo^5i«4 the black du^tty pr granular sp<?Te mas*, levying finally behin d

,tin?, iipule- sbajied base of,, false membrane a^i the central pimple or shorty branched

columella -wliich is composed o£ host tissues and fuo(»o.u9 fibreads i

* Spore? nubglobse, ovoid* or subangular thraughi pjuti^l pressure* rarely irregular,

^^5— 1,0 iu, or .4.5—8, X >.5.5-U It, , <;piinected at, first ?:^ ch^iigi? by rapute aycelial
fragments wtiich remain attached to the wall of mature spores .
)Bj)>5pore dark brown
jniriutely echinulate aterile cells hyaline, 3u^IplK>ic,,1:^),ol)!cnji, catenulate or diversely

I
propped, «s large as or larger thaa
, Habit On Sacchmum arundinacenm '.

F«tz. fukien . S;nab*ipa, ,

vicinity of

l^y. U'P'^^Mh, Aug, 10. 1941 (Chen. 32) Yuutai, W^Umgwei iAi^mM^)* June
S, ip,12 (pheo, 211).
This Sphw>elothcca bears some resemblance ia its spyre size and :sorua ioxni to
which we have seen, no authentic spfciraea and may
UdUago SacchaH
be
Rabh. of

siispected tQ be identidal to that sp^ies. Qi-fiJlf^li^ pulv&i-mleitii^

,vfas iiuubtly reduced by Tenjj to iJ$lilago, .SamhaH Kahh^, (J^inlrama pulvc'rulenla

.
. «t Mass.

ami IkHLago Sacxihari are found resixe^tiveljf by Sy^ow and T«Tig ^Iso on Soixha-r.um
tt-rundiiMCeum besides other bost plants. Biit s^a fsxamiuatioo vf ouf speckncos in
hand shows that Sphacelotbcca is clearly the proper gpnus, sbyrply j^define^ hy
false membrane being composed of sterile byphal cells, and by stn catenulately
disposed spores which mature in cenuipet^ sx^^ion. -
U pc^pt^'cXe^y placed within .

this genua, this species is allied to .

, J^pan^e;?^
§' Jf^7i>f}dmli^Japcvici (P«%inn.>

SPHACELOTHECA POLYGOPNl-SEmr oSl H Mjyalse e|.Xakaba^hi|;, ki ( P.

T.?*^- SaPP0?9. ««^.,:1.,#«^";,|^1:;^;^,,:^>1^?&,1^^(,*^^'53
^^^ ) • , ' '
iM -'KU .run; .;.. « . , ..

UiMlago polj>gom-&eniicoHi P. HenOj.,

^ Litt^. .

,|f|^.|3 mZU .

Sorl in ovaries, at first surrounc^dl l»y the host: perifufitb, then, pronunent, forming
 . . ,

ff is 16 13

swollen spherical bodies up to 5.5 mm. in length, covered by a grayish white false

membrHTic whicb 50oa wears away revealing the dusty purplish black spore mass, lea-
ving behind a prominent colunmeHa utr ttf 0*6 -torn* fn height. All ovaries from an infl-
orescence or from a same .hfldl may Ifie injored.

Spores subglobose, ovoid, rarely irregular, usually 8— I'^i^, often connected in

cbeins by thfe mycdifll rragincnte wWeb rem^n bttaolied to the wall, epispore purple

brown, finely echinulatei sterile cells byahnfe, smootb^ caxenulate or variously groifptd^
'

#8 large as ©r larger than the spores

Habit Orr Polygonum senticosum Fr. et Sav, Fukien Sanyuan , yankotzu
(
'
:

Oct. 4, 1942 c
April 24, 1942
Chen, without no. )>
CChen. 130 > 3 Sbabsien, Chengtbw (
' Tlie species is c^racterized by having the prominent columella and the echinulate
«J>t>r6s it' is neatly related to S» p^'anosa Uro.

SPHACELOTHECA HYDROPIRERIS C Sebum, De Rary,Vefg. Morph. u,

j Biol.

Pflz. 187, fig 80 ( 1884 ) Schrbt., P]Iz,i Schles., I 275 ( 1887) Sac", Syll.

Fung" VU, 499. (1388 >.'] Plowr., Monogr. Brit, 'Ured..* Ustil., 282 (IbSd) Glint.,

in Proc. Host,, Soc. mt. Hist,, XXXI, S94 (1W4) Scheli" Beitr. Krypt. Schw.,
flr(2) 65, fig, 35 C 1911 ) Lindau, Krypt. Mark. Brand., Va (3), 33, fig.. 16
< 1912 ) Bvibak, Pilz. B^im., 28. fig. 12 ( 1916 > Liro, Ustil. inn., I, 2
C 1924 ) S. Ito,' Mye. PL Jap., H, 30 ( tm ) .

l/'i'eih hyi^o pi peris Schum-, Enum. PI. iSaell., IT, 234 C 1803 ) •

Coeoma MJ'teculo^um Nees, Byst. PUz> 4, pi, pi. t, fig. 6 ( 1817 > .

UMago uWiculoswm Fr., oyst. MyOi, HI, 51tf ( 1829 ) .

UMago h-id-ropipe-ns S^hrot., in Cohns Biol. Pilz., II 355 ( 1377 > Wint.,
Fife. Deiit., I, " ( )

vMSori in oVaries, surrounded by th© fk)ral parts, pi'ominent, farming ovate tiora-lik^
swollon bodies a boat S mm. in length, at first protected by a grayish false mcmbraife,
this soon rapturing from the apex dov/nwards and disclosing the dusty purpUsn spore

mass, leaving behind a central columella abut 3 mm.* long, Only a few ovaries of the
inflorescence being injured.

Spores subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoidal, angulWr oi ^ractimes irregular, 8.5—13 U- or

8-11.5 X 10— 16ti, occa4iona!ly np to 10 X 21 .3 It ^rplish brown, very minutely , •

cchinulate - sterile cells of false membrane hyalme, as lar— aft' spores.

habk On Polgyoimvi pGsuinb'xi Ham. ^FuMen litenchebg, Mak'iap'mg ( 5f
'

) , Oct. IS, 1«48 (Wang 1072).

The species is readily chstinguisheed -^rom'soto© other n«ariy allied species by the
•Itores beinj^ varicAiii in feiae, very' tniteiteVy etWiaiktatiskand appcireBtly smooth under
m
-'

obfective of low powef. -

FARYSIA Ractborski
Bull. Acad. Sc.Crac 354 (1«)9).

FARYSIA CARICIS FILICINAE S. Ito, in Iran*. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., XIV
91 (1985) et Myc. FI. Jap. II 60 (1986>,

Sori in ovaries, converting them into, prominent spherical swollen bodies about

4 -6 mxn. in diameter, ar, first tompact and covered by ihe grayish deljcute host

epidermis, then becoming spongy, enlarged, soon rupturui^ aud (hsclosing a black
dusty mass of sterile mycelial eiators and spores. All or some ovaries b«ng infected.
Elators brown colored , composed of several to numerous parailelly disposed steril*

byphae spores borne between the «lator9, very variable in form and size, spherical,

ellipsoidal, phifonn, fusiform, attenuate at one or both ends, or irregular, usually

fl.S-U II, or 4-9x6-13ic eventually tip to ItSU in length; epispore brown tinted,
with minutfe echinulations disposed in ranges or in circles sterile hypjiae wlwa
separated b^aline or brownish, obsoletely septate, about 2^5
Habit On (Jo'rex filici^tia Nees. Fukien Yuiigan, Moping
U, cross.

5k - *F ) or.

(
: ( ,

18, 1912 ( Chen. 207 > Ningyang, Shihkang , Dac. 3, 1342 (

vitliout no. ) Lienchcitg, Kutien < ffl ) Sept. 1943 ( Ling, without no, >.
The pedes previously recorded from Formosa is apjxjrently very common ia our
region. It is closely related tp divacea (DC. ) Sy4. and ^\ M&r'HUii (P. Henn.)
Syd. (F' japonim Rac.) but from the former it differs iu the larger and darker
spores, and from the latter in the dark brownish black sori and perhaps in the color
of spares.

The description given above is based on specimen Ch«n no. 30?. The two other
sp<K;imena represent a form witb spares less irregular and smaller, usually in
4iameter,

> ,t>

FARYSIA OUVACEA ( Da ) Sydow, in Ann. Myc, XVU 46 (1919) Saoc^

SyU. Fung., XXm, 631 (1925) S. Ito, Myc. Fl. Jap., U, 59, fi^. S3 U936).
Uredo oHvacea DC, Fl. Fx., VI. 78 (1815).
jbV<.cibe olivOGta Schkclit, F}. Bcrol., il, 130 (1824). ,

UstUago olimcea Tul,, ia Aan. Sc, N^t., 3 shu VII, 88, pt IV, fig. U { i»Gx
Brefeid, Unters. Gesammt^b. MyJr., V,, 129 (i883i Wint., Pilz. Deut., I, 91
(188'i); Fisch. d. Waidh., Les Ustii. esq. .Mooogr., 16 ^(1878). Plowr.,. Ured, 4
I^Jstil,, 277 (1 %9C., Syll, Fuag., VII, 483 Ci888) Chnt., ifi Proc. Bast, Sac.
N" msu, XX3U, 334 ( r804 ) 4 McAip. Smuts of Ausu., 157, pi, XXIX Cl»l$>rS
 •

15

LMau, Krypt. M«rki Brand., Vk (6), 24 <]91t)«

Wilago caricicola Tracy et Earle, ia Bull, Tfirr, Bot. Ohib^ XXVI* 49S (1898)
S^cC, Syll. Fung., XVI, 398 (1902).
UsUago suboiiuyxa P. Heim., in Ann. K. Inst. Bot d. K^ma, VI (2), 84 Saoe.,
Syll. Fung., XIV, 421 (1889).
Elateromyces- dixaceus Bubak» Houby "C^iikef DiL 33 (191219 et Pilze Bbhm.y
II 82 (I9f6).
Sori destroying entirely the ovaries, canV^rting thcrti into ipberi^al bodies about
1.5 -2 mm. in diameter^ at f ir^t compact, then slightly swoUeii and beooming spongy;
covered by the delicate grayish host epiderrois, this soon rupturinf^ and ^ceclouog a
dusty olive black mass ol sterile mycelial elators and spores. Qn^ some crraries being
injured.
Elators light brown colored, composed of several to many paralfeUy difP08e^
sterile hyphae. Spores borde between this viators, Vtfry variable in shape and in dim*
ension , subglobosc, ovoid, renifoha, fusiform , angular or irregular, lunnUly 5-9 k
5-7U. rarely 3 - l3x4-10u» e^ispore light brown, densely wad minutely echi^ulate}
sterile bypbae byalioje of light yellow brown, obsdetely se|>tate>

On Oarex ligaia Boott, Fukien

Habit Sanyuan^ Sinkow ( fl ) Apr.
25, 1942 (Cben, 138 >. On On^-ea sp.
27, 1942 (Ung YIng 115).
Fukien Nanping, Moti ( ,
,

March

This widely distributed sprciea is characterized by the finely echinulate and vsai-
ou8ly shaped spores. It is nearly allied to F. Psmdocy&ri (Socc, ) ZUndel ( lhtila<fO
olixacca Speg. non Tul. ) which differs in having darker and less irregular spQrea.

CINTRAGHA Cbrau
Ann. Sc. Ifat" Ser. 6 XV, 277 .0883,)

CINTKACTIA AXICOLA f Berk. ) Cornii, in Ann. Sc. NaU> 3er. XV 277 -

278 (1883), et m BuU. Soc. Bot. .Fiv, XXX, 131 <1883) Sade., S^U. Fimtf,, VH,
480 (1888) Cnnt., in Free. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXXI 405 X 1904) , et
» Am*
•P" Vtt, 5 (190e.) McAljTi, Stouts of Austn, 16p, pK XXXVH, fU«' 95'9Q (V^WX
S. Ito, Myc. FI. Jap., H, 72 (1936).
UsHlago a^ola Berk.* m Anil* Mft^ /Not, Hist., ^4 iX, 200 :C IBQt >
Fisch. d. Waldb., Le» U*tU"*^ci* Monogr., 17 ( 1878) 5 S^oo.v Sylh> Flmgi, iX^ ^85
(1910).
Sori in the base of peduncles foiming hardened subglobose elliptic fuaiform and
ptgiUJy QvVDiJen! dod^eii. fibw* (t.5^A mito. W kli aMJ 1,5^2;. inl^idiU;,.!^ first
.cpyerod by?«'rattxj|: UiKlk f^ rm ^rqyiaU falso .mombraa^e &' 'mi cpiBipQ;^;of satrn^ey of
 - ,

It mmmwmmmmmm&m m^mm
hyaline or light yelJow seinigelntluiz^ifiu^^f^ 43ai^^¥ t tliisiiboaira^Uli^pg and id^Si^

osinii the hhi-X. -6 ^hitinate<T spore irta^.>; » h!Of -

> ..:'!«iT j>Vv:hV,t » ,

Spores subgl(.b,)se, ellipsoidal or shortly cylinddCf 9 l« b V of 9~13.5X VS-^ l7u, ,

ep»8^>ore s«iWUi^ m k V':hrowft ;'':mHB^im&''fcj»hae:'bypbeo intermixted

with the spores. .^^^ ' n ,, t

immfi On 'FMk'Mh VsM^r Tuldeu-i Mn^aag, Shihkang ( 'ff

HTiM J » Dec . 4, 1843 (ling, v/iUn ui no.). On Fimbridylu diphylla Vahl. var.
amma CJatke ( jf''. a)J<J^ Ro*m. et Sebi) ,Fukien . Ytingau, Moping ( ,! ff),
Sm- 942 (Gben 291) tim^ryen^ Ltichw (fgWf 3 , Nav. lU, 1942 ( Lin^
without no, ).

'
As stated by S. fto the specie* of Barkeley is here considered as synonymy of
Cini'Vadia micola Comu, though it was adniittetl by Saccardo as a valid species of
JJ^lapO' jOiir sp. oiracns from Fukidn ilistincUy hav« brown colorfd episporo nnd
perhaps is really different from the typical form of which the spotm are descrioed as
being light ferown lUited. The tMckly outeTlying sterUe cells which constitute the false
membrane aie often Pemigelatmized 8tj4 very variable in sh^ipe. But the large sterile
cells, indicated by S. lio as being intertaixted wiih the sp'.ws, have not been observed.
A short account on the spore fortnation may he ittveu aa follows. Around ihe
axial host tissues in a youixi amis, tbere appears a atrate of interwoven sterile hypi«e
which produces towards the perip'scry numerous sp.)rogenous hyj^al branches pnraHell«
and radically disposed. Spores are developed m clwins horn these hyphae centripetal y,
tlx? outer on<>8 being the first to reach nmturatioa and beonaing coated ydth darkeaed
epi8por«. .

ClNTRACm SUE DAE Swada,- J>e?t<ir.. 0*1. Yorm. Fung., It, 8! ,

pi. tV, fig.

12 -IG (1922) S. Ito, in Trans. Sfp^Kwo Nat, Hist- SoC., XIV, 91 (1935). I't Myc.
FI. Jap., n, C6 ( 1936).
Sori in xjvaries, concealed at first by the e"vdtoj>to|| floral parts, then prominent,
((krrnnH splwrical swollen todies about 1.5—2 pint, in diameter, upon the rupture of
covering meaibrarie, dusty black hard spore ma^ beciMtiing d aclosed spores auh^jio"
hose, eUipsoidal, & x 12---18U- , eptapore smooth, red bit\Vn» about l.SU^ttjick.
Only some ovaries of a spike beinjt infected.

. , . ,

Hab t : On Fimb-ri*Mii} dipkplla^ VaM: ( F. dnnua- diphtflla KulieiEah. ).

Fukien ShabsieiJ, ^i^iuitif of ' dty (:fPmMm)* Oct. g§, 1942 (Chen 806). -'
Only one specimen being collected, described by tbe junior auteur (rf this paper.

CINTSACTIA HMBRIS rVLIS-K AGJENSIS Sawa<i«, Deiicrv Cm. form, Fung., tl

9.7 (1922) S. Uo, ia Trans, Sapporo Nat. Hisu Soc., XIV, 91 {1885^' ^ Myc.
,# n , m^y " V ma
^ atff

If? gfj^I^w: (,im^^ » .J -a ' >

'i)!/:«r/;. ,
.lolii

Sori in ovaries, at first concealed by the enveloping gluma^, tUeu preaiiikem

(ormmg sul>g|k»bose swollen b(Miie» joC.2i-ii lim? . lait ^iaradCeK^; oOwereA at ftist tyy ^ bro-
wnish wfeitefdeiioate hmi eiM^rmis^ seoa mpttimig dUcte^frigia tiaW conlpifM
ag^hitiiHited spore mass* Oafy iwo ot teee ovaries ftf ?an inflore^iaoe: '
^ jiir-^
and ii)i£«Kl!€a\ often, united irv tte lawer i*o«a©tt <j{ avafie% 4be andl its ^nairi^M
base being left miact. ,M '<>&^\\i'j im? iUi imi}^ lo 1r<1j en "ps'w KsJiOiia

Spores subgiobose, ellipsoidal, the inner ones often subanSular, 9.5 15 U, or 8.3
tfel^.JSj;!« U*»>-l^;ifc;, fHi-Ji -wiiii mo . 501 .«eiresl vtuaute b^pMl fiagiAC&^^MttMd^jed to
the wall evisiwre smooth, adout 1 \i thiols .y^U^wfa^ |)»wai;isteiSle -Ji^^lau; ^t0m0,
afeURdapt, inLemimted with si>t»«s., vd _.: n. ,a ^ii&ro m

» v'-Wis CUid-raeim l« ii»€!»^:i5e?ft«ir^Vdy 'ref<fRF«d -ism; a .Variety. to,lXh0::>S^Pta£ao8on-i.-4/i

FimbHdylis Kttgiem" Sawadfi which, 0G«ur9 ottin^ *|if<«rent apecka of i^'imfeTtJi^yitJiL

P?)W>se w0 fu^i :a?ei «t? least eJoaely' ^Hted and <iistm(j(ia»hetl toe,tmftth<;r ooly by .slight
4iffgrc-«ce m aim ut^thtAr sspsffes* ."'•> mm b<»Jx.:ar ini

CINTRACTIA.. f^LUi.IFER A Ijng Glien, sp. nov. ,

Sori oviiiiicoli eaque in corpascalft sph»eroW««. ^*r« -.2 -3 DMn^pt^tssa trahseiintes,
prim" epktermidfe ovarii ijrunneo-fllb-ri <3incti , desir massis fepapariira <Mxnj»tAe> a(^;latni<^
osis afcro"b* tinneia sotiumpentes. Sporae spJmeroideJiie ellongatt^-dH^o.diBae vel mrius
angiiiatat;, ii-r ie.at, diam. vei 8~l.l.S x mjS-^li&U n*etifetU«s sa^uust fr ag(B<int»

mye^ils' twhuais ««*faaerenltt8, epi3f)afa kitescensv-bruou^- v«l ^saturij^ briinnoa iof,;

KitasiM' pET.edUae. Habit r In ovariis I<^rnb-nd^liS' (itpk^Om •MfBc* plmico^^tme

fiJflfte.' ."nil »!' mi *s r»d ? JS^rdbd
Sori ja ovaries destroying all or the basa! part, concealed at first by the %fmt
glumts, then prominent forming s].)herical swollen bodies about 2 - 3 niuj . hi (Uameier,
covered by the brownish olbesc^t host epi«leitiiis, tMs soun rupturing and disdosiug
ft hard C()rn,>aet brownish bl-icH. §p«ite>ma8i. .K£v«ra^.'0*&ri«;8 of a spiklet usvuUly being
infected,

'j«por«s ^jjabiilobdse, eilonfjated'ellipsoidal (rf angUkr tfirbta^ nMithl8) idoGnjh^ioa^

often with some Mycelial fraftmfents attavihed to the itfeAll, -
1 I^IC^BU Xoc Mmiill ^i-*
I8.9-«1?.SU, 1 epispore about 1 thk^k, sraooth, yettoWiBh or -^rk it»i«wau ''''.
 ,

plur. non VaW.). rukirn Yungan, Moping (. ) : Sept. lOy 1^2 Htihert §92)4
The species differs from thf. preceding"/'. j5*tm^rt^'iyH.^/^a«7tr/?i>-l.'^' Snwada in

the form of Rporea and the- hard ajJglutinate^i spore mass. Tlie nearly ailkrt species
seeras to be (. viiliaceae (f . Heiiu. ) 8; Ito winch -it distuigaistetdi by tbe^ hom-lils*
sort and tbe smaller »pore9. , r vu '

la the sppre formatiooy tbe. central. portion of serus is f siied with hyaljn« hy()bcKk
interwoven to a false tissnc* which lowards the periphery give rise to numerous para-
ilely and radically disoosed sporo{j€^oii8 branches - Spores anse from tbis latter ia a
pentripetal aucce33ii>n, witU the inner ones; the youngest. Tae 'spores mature ia a
similar way as that of other Known (Ji.ukacUa.

CINTRAGTIA PULCHRA Ito, in Trans. Sapporo NM^ Hist. Soe" XIV i 92

(laSS), et Myc. FI. Jap. B, 6 1 (1936). i '

Sori in ovaries, concealed at first by tbe floraJi; parts, iheA prom!Aent» fof ttii&g
suhglobose swoMen bodies p ' to .8— 1 2 . mm . in diameter, at frirst roveretf -by a
grayish false m^nbrane which is composed of a relatively xbick layer of seTnigelatinized

fungous threads, this rupturing and diiK;Iomn^ a black hardened spore mass. CMy a
few ovaries of an mflor^'scence being injured. ><^:'; V
Spores mibgtoboae, eUtpsoidal, mreiy >rregalaT, usually 8-14 x 7 12^, wnnctimfefe
intermixted with special large spores, which are spheroidal, ellipsoidal, 14- 18 % in
magnitude : epiapore yc^liowisb brown, sharply eciikiulate with nsinute polygonal retic-
ulations sterile hyaline hyphae abimdjyii, interanixtecl with spom?.
Habit On FimbTxatyli^ mUiaCia Vabl. Fukien Yangan, Moping ^ -^^i-p), (

SfijA. 25, 1942 (Ghen 289) same loc., Oct. 1, 19421 (Chen, without no.).
'-
Though the characters of fine reticulate omraentation of epispore and th« occas"
onal presencM of special large a pores were not commented by S. Ito, the specimen
fj^om Fukiea does not seem to represent a form distinct from Uie Japenese type which
occurs also on F%m}>r%sti.lu tniZioCi-o Vahl* We are therefore lied to believe that tbts
belongs here but the final jiul(}cment <;*Dnot be made until Ito's specimen is exaiti^

SOROSPORIUM Rudolph
' Linaaea iV, 116 ( 1839 J

SOROSPORIUM AKUNDINELLAE Sydhw, in Hedw. XL, P. (2), (1901) Sacc,

XyU, A8i laOS)
SyH. Fung., S. Ito, Myc. Fi. Jap. II,
( 96 ( m^), ,

Sori in 0vane«, in(»e oc less jconcealed hy the flprftl parts, forming spjierical, awkl
or cuneiform hard bodies nhcm- l—LS xosm An, dovrnwards disclosing .tlie dark greenish
 . . .

^'m.mm n^is w
black spore masaj '
ki"n u":"".-''*

Sporft glowerules ovoid i elUpsoirtnl , 40—64 x 80— 120 U,, bbck, opaque t cmnposed
of several hundreds of spores spores globose, ovoid, or angular through mutual com-
pwjssion, yellowish to <lark brown, 3 -7U,

Habj<
Drc. 4. i943
On A'rundimll^ anomala
C Lint«, without no.).
Steudel.
episrwre prominently verrucose.

FuWen Ninyang, Hiishan (#

.

Nat. Hist.
S3R0SP0RIUM PASPAU-TIIUNBERGII
S.-ic,

IJdiiapo Faii^ali-
XIV, m (
.cie-rpn
et Myc.
Henn.,
( P. Heno. ) S. Ito, in Trans. Sapporo
FI. Jap.

in
II, 81
Hedw. XLHf, 14Q (1904)
( 1936 )

Sacc,
Syll. Fung., XVt(. 478 (1905) P. Henn. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., XXXIV, 593 (1903)
Sydow, in Ann. Myc,, VU, 173 < 1903 )

' So-rottporium Pmp(Ui Alp., Smuts ot Austr., 180, 0. XUV, fjg. 137 139
( 1910 ) Sncc, Syll, Fung., XXI, 513 ( 1912 )

Sori in inflorescence deatroyiiig a?I the part at early tim«, hidden at first by the
leaf'shfea?!?, then throwing off, forming doDgated wbip-Iike body up to 20 era, long,
distorted, with upper part often reinaininiJ attached to the leaf-sbeath, at firs covered
by a firm grayish or brownish false mernbran« compos«d of sterile fungous ceils this
rubturinjj, the black dusty spore mass hecoiniQg scattered end leaving being the cen-
tral filiform ramified columella. Inflorescence being entirely or partially infected.

Spare glonieruUiS ovoid, g!o!wwe usa«l!y about POU in diameter, composed of

lt);W, or in the smaller ones, of 'T--5 spores, black, oppique, surrounded at first by

fl hyaltrvo hyphai envelope which smm gelatinizes and disaiiears spores ellipsoidal,
angular through compression or very irregular, 10-20 x 6-16 U, epispore dark brown,
very finely eebinulate sterile cells of the false membra me hyaline, siinilar to those
of ordinary hypb .e, but somewhnt larger in dimension.

(
2Si
Habit
Apr. 25, \M:> (Ch.!H
)
On Pa^palum sc-robiculaium Linn. FuMen
:, 7); Yun^fln, Mwangli

Shshsien, Chaufjtow (r'>M^3|), Oct. 4.

( 19 C
Sayiian, Sinkow

Sept. 2o. 1942,

Chen, without no.).
( Chan

The elongated filiform sori raay arise either from a whole inflorescence or from a
single spike branch. In the former case, ihey are characterized by the possession of
larger and branched columella, while in the latter the sorus axis is usimlly
simple.
After the rupturing the firm falge mem}>rQne often remains attsched to the
coltoiella. ,

SOROSPORIUM HOLSTII P. Henn^, Pilz. Ostafr. ( 1983) S^., SylL Fung",

XIV, 428 (1890): Shen, in Sinensia, IV, 314 (19340- ^;!;;T«^'*a"qA
Sphacdoiheca e'rta Yeor. in Ck*u|tr. Inst. Bot. Acad. Pe^pw^ t%n9 CVSi$yi' , f

Ciui-rartia ext^e^rta Yen, be, cit., non McAlp. , ! r

 • ,~

m iWJe m *
Sori in spiklets, usually entirely destroying the floral parts, protected) at first "tiy

iW^'tAl bracts; 'th<?« throwftig out endf lorming elon^^ed filiform bodies Bbmt J .8-2
mt -mri'^^- V'^'^i imt%. hmdi d6v«r« by a ratlier f\fm grayiish dlbftsrent
- fnTse

membranf^ whinft'ls '

oifrstposed' of litjst tfssu*^ -^nd fuR^<ms'threa<1^ ? uiwn the rupture,
the dark blaCk grviiwilhr or a^jHuttnated mas? bt*?oJRmg scnttftred, leaving finally

Ix'Wnd a columella compo^rl of host tissues.

Spore glotripniles gldbose to obionf<, 30- 70 U, in diameter ; spores subglobosc

empso^l«!| hr artgiittrt' through mtrtual preiaiife, ^.S-Jigfi, , or eCR-TOxli.S - I'^li

epispore yeIlox»dsh 'felo#n to '#ir1< brown, ftiimit^J^y echlhoUte.

' '

hii ThzmeM
^ ' 4:V,Jt
ffiria.rira 'i^ny.) Ha<*.:
wkh'm't no' ).-
Ynkxm Ninyan^, Ta-.bwM ( ^ )

The species has been recorded from GhiRa on Themed^ ^Wia'tiHra ¥&tsk. &p%ti?~
'Mlhcca- ci^^r^rt^Y^, -<^36111)^«1» as havihg smatter spbre*, dl^. ^Mra to.biS d^tinct
from this species,
-'' '
' '-

'} vt! in « "I* iv:hl\6 ' J vf-i !«i ri Iv P.

-''

89)
'SPOR(«PGfRllJN«'P(5R^6SA.>fUM SaWada. Uescx. Cat.
S. Ito, 1*?c. -pi. J«p., 82, fig. 80 (1956).
SbKn/ Fang.,
' '
'
' fid

••
lMiia(^0 f&MnO'^nn ^\«iafia, in Joufn. F^irftil Nat. Hiist. Soc., no. 34, 6-8
fl«!.8)» et Descr. Gat. Foi^i. Fimfi.,' r ^36,' pi IX, fig.' ^ ( Itil^J j Safi^.^ Syll.

Fan*., XXm, 613 <U533) : Tan irt Mycnl., XiV 89 "922; _

'
Sori In inHorewem (testroyin^ nil the 'runt vfhcn this is yet hidden in the leaf
piieath, forming elonjiRt-u! filiform bo<!y, at first -c!(vvftr(*^? hfn hrownisB \^h'tte false
membrAfte nonstitiifed of ftragous st^'rrle calh, son becoming mtiturefi, disc1f«s&J'i n
•ttttspcy btflcic spore mass, lenvift^ at last behind matiy fine ffbroun cdam«*ne which
f esent'the p^mnindera of host pwloncles . Inflhr^'srHmce l^'mg it^titied wMirely or
sometimes pirtial'.y.

.' Spores rH«ffle*ale» ovoki, renifornat, ^t} - 1 30 |t;< in dhwa et«r or ui|> to tSOU,
dark ir «i<(u«, sbrrounded at fim by a hvalin* liypb^ enve1ot)e wyi^ch ftoMi^'b^-
oraes f<*laft}ni20d and disappears spores tUoboae, ovoicJ, or a»^ul»ir thTOv^h ' miA«»»l
prossure^ S-SU epispore , ght brown, very, raiowelv <*-chi<nul8itfe -fa.|xpi.^T!ng 3ma)th
under objectif of Jov* power ) sterile celU of false menibtafte hyaUtl^v ^v^^ oMon^,
twp to five times <l«^er tban spores , ' . ;> . ,

H«Wt !- On jf^atticum repent' UHo. ¥\ikimi ¥ung&tv M^iiig C^^'^'^)} D^.

17 1942 ( Ling, without no. ) same loc., May 5, 1942 c Ling 21 S5 ) Yiintai,

Apparently very common in this ^Jtovkace^ the «pfeci6sai <M^arQCi^rf2ed'%- r^Mi-

v«l5< *iMU an* tmelf ecbhivaate spords 'rhicJi 'sre 8roStJ«<i i»v ^f^fi ntlmW spore
 - > .

m 'mm wmmm^mmmmm-tm^ '*^t

' -'H tt '

SORCSPOmiM FLAGELLATUM Syd. et Butler, in Ami: J^yc. V- 489 (I9O?) ;

Smc., Syll. Furg., XXI, S12 (1912) S. I to, Myc. Tl. j):, 1 82 ( 9:6),
Sori in inf lorescent e destrcyicg all the part, at first t)tdden jn the leaf-sbeath,

then throwing out and forming elongated filiform body'ahoui 4 -8 mm, in lengthy

tortuose on the viy>per portion, covered by a grayish cWicate false membrane which is

comiwsed of sterile fungous cells; this soon ruptiiTing, the granular b! ^^nore mass
becoming scattereci, finally teaving behind one or two filiform central le com-
posed of infloitv'ceDce axis. spikes of a host plant being j«jured.

Spore glomerulus ovoi", oblong, or subglobose,, up to ^^Ox 160 h|r^ v^ually con3i)o§^
of 30 to 70, rarely less than 10 or more than 100 spores su rrounded^ at irst bjr hyalij^e

^h^jphae which p gdati " an4 disappef^r ,$porea subglobose^ §voi|j^ , or , i^jt»Iar

^
through mutual pressure, 9 151^ epispore. d^rk l^irpwn ^n\i,|^y egl)iti\4^,
sterife cells of false Tneii^braue cateniilate, sabgl()l>ose, oblong, as large a^.^tjbe ^pqr^s,.

^ two to
Hadit: On
itbf^. tiraea largw.^^^

JT m'tt«|,i2
d|
'! :p
\

l^k^i,^
y 'n
r' H "K!:':iyvt>?i *?"rt

June 12 1942 (Chten • . ' , ' .

. .

The spore iforraatioq. may be amply described as follows • . Tbe primordia <^ spore
3^!omeniIes are hpxm. m the" young go^i filleed m%h a stroraa pf it^terwo^'ea hypbae
They are grouped In great number, consisting of a sort of myveliuin balls, easil,

distinct because of their closely^ coiled stru cture ac^d thicHer^ ccll^coaieats. The CerUle
ceina 8 re nearly always centrally located in these rnyqeliurn balls. They b come rou^^-

''^ed off ard con ted with thicl^er mefnibrane, arui de'eIope thrQu,^h disintegration into
mature spores. The outerlyini.^ coilvd mycelium v/hich surround th« spare jSlomerules
is kfl inteot until spore maturity is |eachec^ §n|i fia^IJy gelatinizes and disappears.

SORCSPORIUM AI^l5R0Pf!G0—NIS:MieR/itsTWTii5W;e#Cti"n,. sp. nov.

Sori in inflr;rescenciij$ evol^iti eisqu^ omnino,,<k*3truente3, ^eo nootia parte spjoanirn

lo1Saf| partir^^incjusi, primp membrana cin^reoalba e cellu^ ^terilitjus hyalijEiis oatesi-

ulatis eomp^jsita tccti, mox erunipentes, mps— si^^rnri^cp atcis graflulatis pulvuleRt^s*

colq.iTieila cepjtrali sirnplicji wl br^eviter ramose e cooiexJ^u iiifloresc^entii constituta exbi-

bentes J
glomerulae sporaruni sphaeroidea*^,, elUpsoipeacatro-brynne'a/^, miiltispora^
cJriiV 80
ll(t tliam,, epispora dilute brunnea subtilissime echiQulata praefktae. Habit. \xl inlU
till . , " ^-? '
,
'- ' IT ni;;'/f> r
drescentiis Anii-ppogcnii^ mk/rardhi Kuntb. .

" ,
(S^iri in ihtloirescence destroying all the part or located on ^ome brao^ea q( paair
 r

cle, at first hidden by leaf-sheath, then throwing m\t forming elongated filiform -cyl-

, indric bodies ajwut 2—4 cm. in kngtli and 3 mm, in -vridt)';:. co\t<fr-ed Ijy a delicate
grayish white false membrane which is composed of Cun^o^a sterile c^lls : upon %hti
rupture of this, the dark black granular spore nmss becraing scattered, l.*?iviog-fina!!y

behind a simple or branched columella. compored of host tissiirs. sqri which arise fcom
« single inflorescence branch are usnally smaller in size.

Spore gloraerules iibglobose, ellipsoidal, dark brown, op i que, 80— 100 U, in diani-

«ter, visually composed of 53—200 spores, surrounded \iy a oAit ,of naycelium which
«oon fleiallnizes nd disappears spores globose, ovoid, or andahr through coiupression,
6- 1 1 U, in diam . or 10—12 x 6— 81^ , epispore light brown, very minutely echiijulate;
sterile cells of false membrane hyaline, smooth, oblong to aogular. .connected in chains.
"
«« large as spores.

Wabit On Andropogon micranthus

"

kurith. Fukien Yungan, Moping ( i^Pjs),

Sept. 26, 1»42
CChen SOO ).
f Chen 294
' ) Shahsien, vicinity of city (fPUM^), Oct. 15, ld42

This S<yrospO{iium is apparently related to the American S- .Ellidi spores. It

may also ba compared With S, Simii Pole Evans and S. mftr-ranffemis P. Henn,,
whkh differ either in the very large sori or in the smooth spores.
Th* »p«cies undoublely belongs here and there is no eoafusion with
Ustilano Ta-
{ana Syd. which has been reported also on Awlropogon micTaiithu,-< Kunth. Th«
apore formation, wsentially the same as that of otlmr known Soroapo^num, bsgiiis
l)y tb« app«riiioa. of coiled mycelium consUtuUrm thn primordial spore glorneniies.
Moreover the characteristic hyaline hyphal envelope wh(cl> aurroimds the matrre spore
ban may also be e»9ily observed.

TOLYPOSPORIUM Woron.
AbK. Senck. Nat. Gea. XII, «77 C >1882>.

TOLYPOSPOKIUM BULTATUSI (Schtot) Scbri.t., Pilz. Schles., I, 276 < 1887 )

Syll. Fung., VII, 502 ( 18«3 > Clinton, ia Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. His^,
:SXXI 429 C 1904 ) , et N. Am. FI., VH, 4* (190fi) Bubak. Pilze Bohm.,
; 11, 35
S. Ito, Myc. FI. JaR, n 86, fig, 84 (1936).
Soros porium bullakim Schriic, Abh. Schles. Ces. Kult., 1869—72, n
(1869):
TJBch. d. Wrffdh.. Apcrcu Syst. d. Usti!., 31.1 (1877) at Le» Ustil. esq Monogr.'
«0 (1878) Rabti., In Hedw. X, 5 (1871) Wint., Pib. Daut., I, "104 (1884*—'
Sori in ovaries destroying them entirely, at fjrst concealed
up by the floral parts,'
to 4.5 mm. and twice as large as normal grains^ coverM
in length
t>y a firm green
or grayish gre«n mwribfane of host epidermis,
in tiihe this rupturing, and aUomng
 '; ^mmmm^mmmmi^mc ^
the escape of bl*ick gTBn\x]m spore n Only some ovaries of a spike being infected
an (1 sori sometimes falling, in \^'ho!e.

Spam gtonterules bitsek, opaque, spherical, ovoid, or irregular, firmiy agglutinated,

160—460 X ICO— 24C It <>r 100 240 in diameter, composed of sereral hundreds of
spores spares spheroidal, oroid, ellipsoidal, polyeciral, nstually 7— lOU, or 10 — 12 x
6 ~81l , firmly connr^ctf^d by the thickened proj<.::tion9 of epi spore ©pispore li^ht
ye How to lijght brown , or hynline, thick, rid(5«d . often spiny, obsoletely verrucosc-Pu-

nctate, with several thickened projections.

Hahit On Echh ochka (-ruti ralli Reauv. subsp. oolooia Honda var* edulU
Honda. Fukien Shahsien, vicinity of city ( , Oct. 20, 1942 { Chen 102 ) *

On EchivGchloa (kuagalli Beauv, subsp. Colona Honda var* (ypica Honda, same
loc" Oct, 10, 1942 ( Chen 208 ) Yungan, Moping ( , Sept. 1941 ( Ling,
without no, )o
 3 II la

:an (^Hw !#v;ivo" ^nn m^T J7

r>i*.tl "V ..HT

rni PTu - fifi f;jiV -,

-'|
1 r?g5i J l:>", "
'
ON- A HEW SPBCI Kf^ OF PHLEBOTOMUS F013ND IW ""

^
"
FUKIEN, CHINA
'
'
' Xk €: 'Tsthj^ and T. Masi.' '
'
< (•< n"fi" iH !f«>|urr*i!?ffi: j''"t»?«oq
… n fi

As in th€ case of most of tbt blood-sucktng insects in Cbhia> very ittiie^ifl^kaOWH

regarding tlie species of "san<ini", , JUp to the present only seven secies and we
yariety of Fhlebotovm^ Imve been reporded from this/ country. Thus far, in the
south eastern provinces such as Chekisng, KianiJsi, Fukien and Kwangtung no cepoi^
has ever been
searcbes, a
and Yuu^i^n (
number
made for this particular group of insects.

of "saju^U " were oollected

Fukiea Fravuicjc b^^weea September,
in, Ma-Siia
After prolonged and careful

iMrPy
J 943
% Shaowu
9nd October 19*5. ,A>
(
detailed morpboloSical study shows tlut they bekmg to a? Jt^MibotomUd sped^s wi>icb>f9

new to Science, The name PhUho'omUH hoepfAii is proposed in honor of Professor R.

Ho^pj^U of Peiping Untion Medical College. Full desc^ipUona bpl^ m^lf^ and fepiale
are given in the present ca^ipooicateQn* Pollpwin^ the sy^t^ oC Fi^i^ and Parrot
( 1920 ) and of Siaton (Iy23), measurements were taken on several specimena of

each sex and results recorded in the appeodad tabks» ! if'

,
|>eacriptioa treih specimens '

The general color of the insect is grayish. The integument of the thorax and abd*
om«n is ligtst yellowish. The black eyes jjive a marked coDtrast to the of the body*
m 3
The abdominal hairs are erect on the daisurc, forming tufts from abdominal negraent
II to segment VI. The antennae are hairy wings are covered with numerous gray
Ijairs.

Description of mounted si)eciineas

I. The Mate Insect

The

the wing.
total length of the body
whi^iis ^l^tjp)^ J^ffiF iy» Im&th of tbe hind
-
is 1.64-1.76 mm. with an average of

• ojtjait
) 1.68
fm. length
mm.
of

The Pharynx (PI. I, Fi

" isf Bbput 4 Umetj tta long broad, markedly dilated
posteriorly . The pharyngeal armature is unique in morphology. At the posterior part

it is composed of a series of oblique ridges radiating from the middle, while on the
either side of the £^^io~^if^al pdkton thiUS ari'::ttmwj^0 of teetb projecting
backward nnd con*^t<Jing towant the niicldle Unfe." Thsfe^s no pigmented area and
the buccal cavity is unarmed.

The Antennae have n total IcDgth of i.40— t,3l mm, with an average of 1.49
mm. Paired geniculate spines nre found on all segments from tlw lUrd lo XV th
inehmimf 'mis MMnt mf Am.mim -
f(^mola 2 ««el- l!l JgV* the -g<*niciilafle spines
af# teog vfitty til ( ir t.'timMti^ m f«r a or, TAmf ^trt^^tig tht* Jiext jnter>*

i«gm«ntftl «ri^iat;«M (PI. I, ^ig. 2' tlwy li to §e mftatmmml itt jpoiitidA tfna

iMj^H.''!! }{«,fsflv/X bor; mi*i:l " ,lHu-i<-v'} — '-'';!;v;>?<r msnnf^,-% fj>j«*

'
Pftf^ Ikw Ji ferttie! #1, 2; 9j B. The propt)*t«Jifate leh^hs df the segrh*-"

eilt» in drcSW af«- B'i,2, 10.0, 28.5, lO'.Oy 28^0, TMire are t«(J to- twelvo NeWstead^
ipiokm m^tm mi^m^ t^ tutd s^etu "' ' u~>umM
1 - l :<i\ >' - . .
'
,(';;,.": ;>.'f!f ."
" 'T ' 7,'»n

mm V I%te
"
»^f''T!ie^ -1, 'Tif. 1 > dosely re We tho8« of phlM''6iny
N<?wiitea*'H' J'- #i«V'V?ei 'Stetdrt,- vide Rrtynal et GasdMm, 1934 T as Ciglited •
Sntt^
h 1 Met«t sfi*r>6 atW W wMtfoii&l fa«ba ^Hftf the r^ifive }«i>it>>

of alpha in terms of beta is diatln (^^!y kfftget,':. '-

-' ''• "'- -'' -' -' "
The Hind Leg is about B.9 dtf iMi^ 'aS tli«^f«*f5r, which is shorter than the
tarsal segments H to V,
blu. Af.vxit 'lilt uiMt uk^iUi >dT .'^kbii^-a i^.l i;>s«;ni wfft 1v tnstH, 'vjT
 ' t

The Male Gs-nitalia ( PI. 1, Fig. 4 ) are very characteristifci ' The -
fflsfel* segmen
of the superior ciasp^r is ndle in shape be:iring four nioorochfietae. Two siout and
nreii ( See b rise' 3R^s^,csiivi8ly froin an apical ami a sabnpicat Uiberale aait'tw© prox-
imal mmrocimmmi wlweli «iffe iti#fe slender, frora tifbdrdes' siitiM^ ton. the
mnm side at about 'ttee'bastf two llfth of ttte s^^mti Tim mm'- eM^elH^e apiml
fmctochmta is oftm s^>a t\i late j The ptaxinaal segment of th<& supwio* Ofcie^r 3s Ic^g

'«n»(l alender md bears ^ iis ianm si^ a di^lfedtjdit «f< v^<y loAg mimi^ «

The intermediate appendage cdfublsis <rf tht*e !6hees, wW^>h "WtttiM'Iri'Miis^'tb

those of p. alauloiii, except that ihe small ventral obe in most of the speciinens
dis«e€te»j iKtofU t^tife curved 8iHft«s instatrl of two. At the poirtt <^ its IVihctiMi with

tbe iRtTomMeat dfgan th^rfe arise tW6 iosifi spiftea (PU i, nn. 5^, il^ch its fouftd by
Simon (1925, 1926, 1^30) in P. arffenlipes, P. ^tewdcodi and P. aiauldki.''^
They run b-\ckwnrd on either side of the intromittent organ and are considerably longer
'' -''
'; '
Uian th« ittir«r stmcliive: ' '
- '
'
^'- '-

The intromittent organ (PI. , Fig, 5 ) is well developed with an oval bifid end.
Th^ g#?f}ital filflraents are greatly protTtt<fecl. The'subgenit^! tj^meflae have narrow club
'MMp* distal portion B, while thetr lower pnrts Are' conttec^d togelbeV i»l one No
special features ftrd f<Wttd in th* idferfet

U. The Female Insect

The body is frdra 1 .SIS to 2.717 mm. in ttital length mt\\ an ovewige nf 1.8?
mm, ft is about 0.54 tiimffl the length of the hind leg and 1.02 times the lenfith of
the win ji. '

The Antennae ( pi. 2 Fii^. 5. ) hnve a total length of 1.18^1 -^l.gT9 mm. The
IVih Vth fini Vlth segments are jy>projf imatt-Iy .gu— in length. The third segnsent is

longer ihisn the IV th and Vth taken to{(etber but is short«r than segments XH to XVI.
Lfflng and paired genioutate sj^n^s are found on afl segments from Iltrd'to kVth i'ncUi-

siv4' jJiving the fomiiita 2 over IH tc XV. Those on the more proxirnp^l segments have
(heir ends surpass tlbe ri<«t inter-sejinjental junction and" are so^newhat asymmetrical
'

"
in i^figth.

the pH]pi' ( Pt! IT. fifi. k. y are ^cWracteriz«r iy a very short iVth wgment^
having a formula 1,4, 2, 5, 'J. Relatire Jenj^tlis of the segments ate 5.8 17'.8| 2?>.;j,

2. -. P. mayvti Simon
 ,

88 i^ ' :' *
10.0, 19.8 rtspectively.

Tbe pharynx, bfis its posteiior part markedly dilate • it is about three times as
long as broad. Tbe pharyngeal armature consists of a series: of Caint transverse and
siightly oblique lines in tlk) posterior portion. These ridges become more conspicuous
ai they advance more antehoriy, while in the anterio-Iateral portion on either tide
there are a number of teeth painting backward . In the middle line anteriorly several

rows of small teeth are very significant. la the anterior-most region some of these
teeth are also pointing backward toward the ceut€}r

The Wings (PI, U, Fig. 1. ) are long, broad, axi^ asymmetrical in outline, w|tb
costal margin slightly more curred than - the aaal. The ratio of length to breadth is
3.38.

The Hind Leg is relatively long. U is about 5 times as loqg as the femur, 2 ^ft
times the tibia, and 4 times the tarsal sagment I,

The Spermatheca ( PI. U, Fig. 3. ) is of the *'cre?H»lated type", as in the other

m«rabcrs of tbe. "erect-haired" group. It is fusiform in shape. The "Head" is sinaH
arul the "NecV is short. Its general appearance is very similar to those of P, argie-
ntipcH, P. colabaemisf F» philippiaeiisis ami P. staiUoni, but can be different-
iated from all of them by its fusiform shape anT tbe small apical segment with the

exception of t\ tstafttofi. From the Latter spe<!ies it can be further distinguished by

the posses^iQiv-of very short sporirathecnl ducts whkih unite almost immediately near
the base of both spermathecae . The common duct is long and comparable to ttiat of

. xttt'itoni. In the fresh condition the spermatheca possesses a large distal bu lb

anrj! a sheath enveJopiflrf th^ whulie chiti nous structure.
j

Diagnostic Characters

The present new species belongs to the "erect- haired" gj-oiip of *

'sandflies'* espe-
cially to those forms possessing four spines .on \hp distal segment of the {juperior cla»-
per (cf. S aton 1932, 19^).. It is chiefly characterized by its pharyngeal armature
ni;i!e genitalia as well as spermritheca anrt definitely
is distinguishable from any of
its cogeners. It stands, however, nearest to F, sfaiitoni Newstead = maynei
(
SiiUon). In the following table more important characters
the; of the^ two species are-
compared.
 = . ]

ft ii 29

. \Uv ' .

P. HOEFf'LII Sp.
( maynci Sin ton) (male)

Size Larger Stnaller

2.33 mm. in total length 1.575- .75 mm. in total length

Pharyngeal A aeries of oblique ridges A series of ridges at the posterior

armature radiating from the tniddle part of the pharynx, and a number
line and ending io loops j of teeth on the acterio^Iateral
laterally region projecting backward toward
the middle line.

Wing 1.64 2,08-2.46

,
'.} -

dm
— • 14 0.18-0.33

Hind I-eg Relatively shorter R«latiYeIy lon^^er

total length 3 . 43 mm. (atai length 2,92— 3*51 ranu

= 1,47 times body lenjjth rr .1.96 thxies body length

Femur as long as tarsc^I 5>mur shorter than tarsal

segments II to V. segments IT to V.

|jf«i!e Proximal segment of superior Proximal segment of superior

Cenitfltia clasper with hairs <rf mcderate clftsper with very long hairs
length

A spine on each side of A spine on each side of

the introraitient organ not the intromittrat organ much longer

longer iban the latter than the latter

Genital filament not Genital filament protrucfod.

protruded
 m w ^ m m
STANTO::i NEW ST. l\ HOEPrLII Sp. u.

Size
-2.01 mm. in total length 1.513 -1.97fef *fim. in total length

Pfiaryngeal In the mklcU'^; re^ioa anteriorly In the middle region anteriorly

armature there a r-^ a number of long and there are several row^ oi small
po;nted teeth which blend with a lid short teeth and in 't7)e anterio-
the ridges laterttlly lateral portion on either side

^iiece. ace a nmnkitjt .oC t^et^

Palpal 2, ,4 3, 3. 1, 4, 2, ^ 3*

formula

Wing 1.5.-1.6 1.74-2.33

1^

Spermatlieca Wltii comparativ;eIy longer With very short j^permathecal ducts

spennathecal ducts uaited united near the base of the spermathecaa
at quite a distance from to form the comiXMn dticC ^

the oase of spetmatlwea*

to fdrra the comraoo- duct •

Oinecting data

The descriptions given above are based upon fifteen specimens ( five males and
ten fematef ) • The first female wets found by caae of u3 ( T. Uaa > from a aroall
temple in Ma-Sba, Kien-Yang Hdien, in September, 1943, while some later tUn^
(Sept. 1943 to July 1944) the male and numerous female specimens were secured
by Tang in the campus of Fukien Christian University, Shaowu Hsien, northwestern
Fukieo. In October, \945 two male specimens of the same species were found in
Yun.^ai; Hsien in the central part of this province.

Holotype C male ) • allotype ( female ) as well as thirteen para types (4 males

females ) are in Tang'a .coitectloik, «i^ile one further paratype f^mafe ) is ia Man's
(
collection.
 .

*i

Breeding Habits

Boil> iTAi le er-d d male frequcDt hum an dwellings. The fen) ales probably fred on
hurr fin 1 Iced as the att^brpls to sittiatt tf*Vn3 with tlie human baits have betn succe-

ssful on several cccasicns. There aie tvo breeding f ei soRS in a year. The first is from
thn lat^r part ef April to the raidd^e of July* The fecond season is in S-rpten^ber khcI

^^j^c|;ie^.Cr*e fijcp^icr Jays ^^bout ^irty eggs in captivity, the egg doeasurep
.^'M^
In ei.gth srd O.OhV rrm, in trflrisveif:e iijm,,€ter, Ihe choiion sfccw5 elongated en as
of differrnt length qHkI Width (PJ. II Fig. "6 ) . 16 appearance it resfrtW^s t los^ly thr

egg of J^idiioknm^ cki^fi":^ teW defcribetl by Pa Hon end Hindle (1928).

V rj',. '!'
. . oi / '-

TVS, ^*Ackaowledgeoaenl t^V^^V^ noit^tiiS

••i
^ .

We wish to express out 4n€ere grntefulness to Dr. J. A. Sic ton for bis kind
advice and to Dr. Joseph T^cedheitt -JiDd Dr; Y. T. YatJ for securing and s^i^lfii^ to
us a nvimter of necessary bteraiui^ relat5r»g to- tai^onay of Pktebetemiif^ tbeit

kind Itlps hre n ore to be «ppr<^^^ftted dtiring the war-time when tlii communication
b^weeo science wo qers ncg so difficul" We y^eb alsQ |e thank Dr. ^J.^^jt^ji^ Qieng
for his inttfest i^- thiSf worfcu, «' ' ,J "

I. Hi -.

'
- '-' Ji""
 32 f5!:1i;2L#f ^
Table 1. Measurement of male flie3

Length in mm. of 3 specimens

Structure 1 2 3 4 5 Remarks, Relative len-

gths etc.
Clypeus and, Head .324 .332 .297 .324 .324 (average of 5 specimens)
Thorax .499 .437 4U ,411 .455
& Abdomen proper .735 .700 .656 .726 .700
Superior clasper .203 471 •m .>98 .207
Seg. I.
T a1 OAn oil
1 .7ol 1
64(J 1
1.641 1.659 1.616 Average 1.677 mm.
•a Labium .ZIQ • 192 .192 .201 .210
rnarynx Juei^i^to .162 .162 .160 .162
Widtl) .041 .041 .041 .Oil .0"
Segment til .262 .271 .280 .280 .271 nt>iv + V lV=V=Vf
Segment IV .105 .105 ,105 .114 .114 m<xn— XVI
Segment V .105 .105 .t05 .114 .114 2
Formula -^^
Segment VI .105 .105 • 105 .114 .114
< Segment XII-XVI .324 .324 .324 .341 = 1.2 Segment IH.
^otal 1.400 1.514 1.487 1.575

Se^iraent* I .027 ,027 .022 .025 .027 Formula 1,4,2,3,5.

Segment II .077 .077 • 076 .081 .076 Relative lengths
Segment III .108 .113 .097 .117 .108 •O to
§§
Segment ^ .048 .054 .045 050 .045
Sejiment V .126 .124 .133 .146 .144
•Total
* .386 .393 .373 .419 .400
 m

Table I. Measuremeut of mate flies

Length in mm. of 5 'specimens

Remnrlks Rela ti ve*iei)iths etc

Structure
:
1 2 3
—S (average of 5 specinieus)
Length 1.740 1.662 1.375 1.682 1.^50
Breadth .307 .472 .464 .525 .507
<x .472 .464 .437 .420 .455
.192 .219 .201 .192 .219 1.04- .24"™ U.I8 0.33

y .184 .184 .173 .184 .17S

2.28-2.60^ 0.30-0.38
y
s .087 .087 »148 v087 .105

.569 .586 .62i .674

l^a-1.50
.630

$ .875 .957 .831 .892 .901 …W wg $

.—
length
1.86-1.99

Femur .630 .647 .604 .612 Femur =~ length of the leg

Tibia 1.304 1.260 1.164 1.^12
Tibia = length of the kg
Tarsus seg. 1. .831 .814 .787 ."49
Tarsus seg. IT-V. .744 .787 .682 ,726 Tarsus I -^length of the leg
Total 2,917 3.237 -^.499 (not includiof* coxa and trocb-
anter)
Superior clasper .203 .171 .198 im .207
Prox seg.=^2.0-^.51 (list^! seg.
(Proximal ^g.)
Superior clasper
(Distal seg.^
.090 .084 .079 M Prox.5eg.=0.95-1.20 Infer, clasp.

g Inwrmed. appendage .177 .126 .144 .117

IntTornittent organ .108 .108 .100 .loa .091)

to j

j
Inferior clasper .176 .180 .167 .185 .175
Subm«d. lamellae- 0.58-0 84
1
Submediai) lamellae • lOS .lOi
Infer, clasp.
Macroclmeta .086 .077 .081 .063 ..08.1

\
Pompetta & Genital
i
filament .420 .420 .420 .378 ,420
1
 2

m iiS"

Table 11. Measurement of female flies

Structure 1 2 3 4". 5

.376 • ASO .394 average of 10 specimens

ThrtTflT
X U IT 1 Q ^Zl ,48.1 -481
.958 .997 .805 •849 .700
Superior clasper .114 .679 .Q87 ,079 .07?
IVVal 1.979 2,717 1.846 1.765 1,827 . Average 1 »87 mm •

Mouth
Pharynx Length ,180 .180
Width .034 .054

Segment III .234 .262 •271 .236 .256 tB>IV+V; iV-V-VI

Segment IV .105 .114 .105 .096 .105 IIKXU-Xvi
a
Segment V .105 .114 .105 .096 .t05
Segment VI .105 • m .114 .103 .105
Fornmla

Segment XI XVI .359 .394 .308 .306 =3 1.38xS©g.IU

Total 1.531 1.487 1.575 1.4Q0 = 5.?6xSegJLll; 4.iaxSeg.XU-XVI

Segment I .034 .027 .027 .027 .040 Formula 1, 4, 2, 5, 3.

Segment I[ .099 .090 .072 .094 .095 Relative lengths
Segment III .144 .126 .135 .129 5.8 ; 17.8; 25.4 10.0; 19.8
Segment IV • 05_8 .06^ .OJQ .034 .050
S;»gmefit V .099 .mi .072 .186 .108
Total .407 .405 .383 .498 .4 & = O.21-0.27xantenna
 .

'^ m m g S5

»H \-' n.:.:iu '" ,'

Table U . Measuretnem of female flies

t^gfb in rnm • of 5 specimens

Siructiim 2 8 Si^arkSt jRelatJve lengtiis etc

4 S
— _ ( average of 10 specimens
)—
Length 1.91/7 2.0C6 1.837 1.750 1.750 3. 38 x Breadth
Breadth .523 ,612 .569 .481 .569 * „ „
g "1*74-2.83
.351 .612 .525 * .m\ \
-

.262 .262 .245 .21'6 , 236 '

y =i.OP-J .^8j-^J..24-0,3e

»219 .262 .2:0 ,192 >i30 Y^.2.SO-4.37|;:^.^_0.il.

I

.131 .149 ,n\

c =0,6p-0 176^1 -|i .27 -1 . 48
744 .803 .708 .656 .700 f
* -

1.006 I.IU .989 .945 . 945 00

Femur -785 .8S1 .7«i .eSfi .674 Femur = g length bf the Irg
'
-^;
Tibia 1.365 1.5SI 1.347 .'.HI 1.242
Tibia"-2
g iengtb of the leg
Tarsus segment I

Tarsus segment II-V

.857

.748
.080

.849
..f*4y

.76 J
.«4i)

.663
.80S

,7i7
Taxfus I =f-j4engtti <

(not iHcliidtogcoxa^ trcxiinjiter)

^ eg

Totol 3.700 4.191 S.7i8 3.421 3.438

 .
• ,

0^2^ 1i *
Explanation of Plates
Plate I.

Figure I . Vy'ing of Male.

Figure 2. Trtird and fourth segments ol male antenna showing geniculate spines.
Figure Piiaryng"a arrpafaire of male C greatly magnified )

Figure 4. Male Genitalia showing superior and inferior clasper.

Figure 5. Intermediate appendages with long spines alongside with the .intromittcnt
organ
Plate a.
Figure wing of fehiale.

Figure 2. Pharyngeal armature of female.

Figure 3. Sp^rmalhecae.
Figure 4 Palp.
Figure 5. Second, third aaJ fourth segments of female antenna showing ge'iiciiUte
spines •

Figure 6. Fgg of Phlehotomu^ hoepplii*

LITERATURE
1. Pattern, W. S. and E. Hindle 1926. Notes oa th? species of sandflies C G^aus
Phltbotomus ) of Norrh China. Proc. Roy. Soc. s. B, 100 405 — 412.
2. Patton, W. S. and E. HinrUe 1928. North Criina Species of the genus Phleho'omm
(Dtptera, Piych^didae). Proc. Roy. Soc., s, B 102 5^3-551 .

3. Rayn.il, J. and Gaschen H. 1954. Sir les phlebotonaes d' ladochin^ Fhlcbotomus
sta.'itoai Newstead 1914 au Tonkin. Sur la synonymic de Phlebotomus maynei
(male) Smton 1930 et de PhlebotomUd (male) - f. C No. 7; pp. 67J-679.
4. Smton, J. A. 19^3 - 1^33. N )t-.e3 on sone I il.an spenies of the Genus i^hlibo*'0'

mus. AU parts up to Part XXXVi puhlis'n^^d in the Indian J. Med. Res.

5. Sinton, J. A. 1927. The Identification and classification of the species of the

Genus Phlebo*omus9 with som^ remarks on their geographical distribution in

relation to disease. Trans. 7th Congress, Far East. Assoc. Trop. Med., 3:
172-180.
6. Sinton, J. A. 1928, The synonymy of Asiatic species of Phhho^>omUB Ind. J.
Med. Res., 16 •• 297-324.
7. Sinton, J. A. 19U. Phlebo'^omm .s'a it-o/ti N^wstoai 19L4 and some other Siarnese
sandflies. Ind, J. Med, Res. 19 99-103.
8. Siaton, J. A. aad B. J. Barraad. 1923. Inprovei rajthois for tho id jntif icdtioa
of some species of Fhlebotomm usei in exiperimeatal wjrk. lid. J. JAad.
Res, 16 323-332.
 ,

« m m \^ ^ ^ m
0. Yao, Y. T. and C. C. Wu 19 57. fundinen; \1 knowle ij'c and methods required
for the study uf ar^ndflies. National Me.i. J. of China 21 27 - 67. ( Chinese
Text)
10. Yao, Y. T. and C. G. Wti 1938. N >t«»s on a species of ' hhho'omu,* newly found
in TsingXiangpu, North KiansJsu, China. Chinese Med . J. Suppl. 2: 527— 537.
It, Yao, Y. T. and C. C. Wa I9i8. N>tes on the Chine3{» species of Genus PkUho-
tomus Pprt n. Sandflies of Hainan liland. Trans, 10th G^ngress, F<.r, East.
Assoc . Trop. Med., Hanoi . (original pap^r not aynilable)
12* Yao, Y. T. ami C. C. Wu 1911. Notes on the Ca^nes'j spe -les of Genus Phlebo-
fornix.'!. Part HI. Snmlfiies in Naoning and Tienpaot Kwiingsi . Chinese Med.

J. 59 67-76.

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The Seasonal
^ Distribution of Planktonic Diatoms
of the offshore water of Amoy
by
T. G. Chin

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letronma' costatiirtf, Ba<»terfestnim hy«finam, RMzcadl^la robustft; Cfeimoc^s deei^os,
BiddUlpMt sinensis, Ditylium brigbtwellii, Tbelasajothrix loit^Jsidtiis, Tbalasstothrix

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Hyaloriiscus subtilia, Rl^os^nia iiobriilsata V. -

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Cliaetocieroa decitji^^ t^^x^iothriz loog«^a| ,. . , _?/ _ ":Pl^^MSw
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Rbizosoieni* ' r- myiifora^" iGlh^ietoeefM -''

ipetii»&f&ui^'I Dityliuia-»£>f#rf crt^fefiK)!;^

Coscinodiscus excentricus, Co3cinodi9eus lineatus* Coscmodi^diiiteb«uf<Uftoilas^

Coj^cinobiscus janischii, Coacinodiacus asteromphahis , Asteromphalus robustus,
Corethron hystrix, ThalassiiHtirix >lrnueisiildii,

f.:h'^'h<i^) ,,ftr-*:y', IHhhvr} ,Blfil«nB7jj musofsM

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Planktoniella sol, Chaetoceros Peruvianus, Chaetoceros coarctattis,

m
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 " , , , ,

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Actinoptycbus anulatus , CycloteEa striftta, Tbalassiosira rotula,

Skeletoneraa costatum, Stephanopyxia palmerina, Coretbron pelaglicum,

Bacterfestrura byaHnum, Rbirojsotenm f r^giilissima , Rhizoamlenia ^tolterfcrthu

Rbizo«o!eaia lobusta* Ete^^lema iaibricata V« sclmbalii,

BblpH^et cakor avis, Chaetoceros eibenii,

:t;jjseioc«ro3 aUiaia, Frt^ilaria striaUila,

Sy«<«}»at- gs0mm^ ' J kmeiia iajjanica, AaterioneUa kariana.

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Kitzaeliia longissima Chaetoceros didymus,
Biddulphia jxilehelia, Biddulphia niobiliensis, Hemiaulus hauckii,

CeratouliDS Bergonii, DityKutn brigbt«f^UU| Cucanipia zoodistcus,

llimacodium frauenfel<fianiim, Fro^laria crot n»i»

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Thiceratium fovus, Licraophdm addreriata, CHraacosphenia moniligera
Coccomm scuteilutn* Navicuia cancelteta.
Gyrosigtaa b&ltietaaisi; Amphora oostata.

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Melosira graculata. Cyclotllla occellata. Cyclotella comta.
AtteiiMielia
 51

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 sr ^ 55

The Seasonal Distribution^of Planktonic Ciatoms

of the offshore waters of Amoy

by Chin T. G.

( Summary }

During the year 1932 and from Septembet of 193&to Augost of 1936, two hundred
fifteen samplings were ma^e aud etghty two species of s^ai^toDio diatoms belonj^ing to

forty two genera were collected. Among them the - foUowin^ tttrteeny species are the
most important
Melosire moyiUiJormis
Coscinodiscus asteo^tompJialus
Skeletonema costatum
BacleriasWium hyalinum
Bhizosolenia Tobusta
Chaetoceros decipiatis,
Biddulphia sinemis
Ditylium Wightwelii
Thalasstothriz longissima
ThalassiothHx frauenfMii
Thalassiotho'ix nitzchiovles
Fleurosiqma formosum
Bacillaria pa^radoza
The highest rate of seasonal distribution occurs three times in- a year, namely, ( 1)
January, (2) March and April (3) August and September. Of these three seasons ttie

highest peak is in tbe auturon

Of the eighty two species diatoms there are twenty tbreo species of pelagic forms
i>f

and forty two species of near -sea forms, sixteen species occurring at the 9ea bbtidA
and four species which are of the ,fr€sh-water orrgin tm4 have been wikshed in to ^he
sea by the river current.
More than half oC the diatoms qfDeeted in tbe pi^stot dtudy also occur ta other
parts of the world.
The physical ana cdcmical conditions of the tea water near Amoy ate rruurtfed 1^
Table III.
 -

53 mji

'' ''

lySU. The pknktoa of the SoutVifjrn Sf-n .o( Jai)ap, considered with reference to their
bv'filf-tgrapby. Records. Otica wv- a^hy SVo)'k. Japan, Tokyo, 3(1) 17-34.
3i>Jil . On the quantitative analysis^of planUWn osstwintions in the adjacent seas of

Japan. 1. Jouf. Imp. Fl'h' Exp. tj'a.y Tokyo. Japan. 2 37—57. II.

l-.i! .,.- * 2^~-^372. m 6 •;23t~i71.-!V. 7'J ISS— 182*' -

'

<>0d the- fBJtnmer plawitwn wm 'vrAi^-n of tHp'

' Wc«t6m''W«fl«'ii':*' tstands m

l<m. On
On
the plankton of Okhotsk 50a in

tlie reliability of p!anktc-uet. Ui'l.

Autum. Ibid.
3(8 ) :
2(4)
^Tirl^343l
'
^
J73^S2''"*

"o"
^

Alien, E. J.
'
.
' '

"'^'
1919. A. contTibutit)n to the quantitative study of plankton.

Jour. Marine' Biol' 0" 12 1- 8

''•
Bigelow, H. B.
1924. plav.kton of the offlhcre waters of the Gulf of Marine.
Bull, JJu'r, Fis/i. 40(2) l-5v9.
'!92'1, Physical oceanography of ibe Gulf of Marine. //Ad. 40(2) 413 -- 1027.
Chin T. G.
!9;7. Notes on the marine planKtone diatouis from Anioy.

^mo^. marine ' .Biol. Bull. 3(2 ): 38—88.

Fish. C. J.
1925 • Seasana! distribution of the plankton of Woods Hole Region
Bull. iim'. F"k. 41 179
Gmn, H. H. and ThotniMor. . T. G,
li)30. The diutoms and the i.)hys;cal awi chetnicHl conditions of the sea wirer of the
San To Juaa Arc&ipelago. Fubl. Pug^st Sdmid B^o'. sta. 7 : 97— 21)4.
Jlarvey, H. H.

' 1928. Rological chemistry &ad physics of sea wRrer, Macmillanco.

Lebonr, Marine V.

-; The mjcroplanktor* of Plymontb ^nd fk>m the fegmn beyotind^'tlie

'

Breakwater. JOu-r. MaHue. Sioh Ai<.»oc, 11( 2> 133

" "
'

_J^>,^ert. .
,
- v : , : '.:,!; ;:.. ::.') "f 'rfT
1907. Report on the diatoms of the Albatross Voyage in the Pocific Oceatf, 1888—
 Ife 57

1904. Contih. Jm'm the JJ* S. Nat. HaerhOfrinm* Vol X, past. 5,

Smithson, Inst, u. s. Nat Museum $ pp. 220 -419, pi. 44- 54. Washington.
1925. Marine diotoms of the Philippine Islands U. S. Nat. ifus. BnlU 100,6(1)
t— 182.
Pavillard, Pal. Jules,
1931. pbytoplankton Re'suVaU dea (.'amTag.ies Scientifigues du Prince de Monaco^
p. 8-34
Phifer, L. D.

1933. SeasonnI distribution and occurrence of planktonic diatoms of Friday Harbor,

Washinj^ton. Nniv- of Wa.<hi7igton, PubL in Oceanog,raphy> 1(2) 39-6-81
1934. Vertical distribution of diatoms in the strait of Juan de Fuca, Ibid, l(3):83-?'6.
1934. Phytoplanklon o: East Sound . Washington, February to Novenber 2932, Jbid
1(4) ,97—100
Saringar, W. F. R.
1870. Algae. Japanicae. MaS' Bot, Lugduno-Ba'avi. P. 1—17
Thompson , T. G. and Johnson M. W
1930 The sea water at the Paget Sound Biological sfation from. September, 1928, to
ste September, 1929. Publ, Paget Sound BioL Sta 7 345—368.
58 ^^^6^ ^ '^
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W
m
^ S f

&.
V
181.47j
A

.9^5^, 8
---
fi -f^a

62. 15! 36.23

86.22| 69.18| 15.9^j

ml
jgtAiJ
_____

28|" 75| 66.4^1

0.45
I

<§. m 46.59I ii.3i| ife.iP e.sej Q.zi\ ~

„ '55.251 38^1 20.31 24.2l| S^.Olj 6.51—
,C
~ m
~ —-
m, ,S'2^ 12 77. 103^7^ 36.24' oM
Sarcophaga ca^i^'ia /

^ —^
194^^ ff Tta
,,8!1§^?\'«';^1^1|[1^ /"I <' ^. '
€
h /1/

,
^A f
/ 59 ' ^^^ *;A3'«j|iM^mca-k'^rmn^^m^ ^ ( domesHca~'>l
a
m^mm^im ^^
Its
, mkzm
, 51

>i ^ "
jii^
,3

^^!^ mmMM^'k ^^buia

,

^ ; " — ",
i
3
*
(mi:»"m/io memt-ephihilmk
t:
1^
oj*^
H
'
-| ^(5et«3f.l*#
! ^dir
k'p^mk^m 5| a * m^i^tm'^m^. , mn /Sfe
?^ ^
1 ®A
- t
n I
I n i/
Analy^i^fof the fly's Faaiing J^abits
.
-

\
Wd flic Discriminati^
IP
j^T 01 it^N^reeding placQsf
m J
^

by lltmng—-chen
uuc« j

ill ( English shjnmO'r^'O

JPiic^ (^tking ayad breed'ng are closely related to thr health of maa and anim ilA

l^are ia'^a u^l^nt nsei of stuiyim^ thmt hibit^^of ^getting various kinds of oM,
ft— 'of mvfaV^tmg breeding places. —1 ^^
la oyJ^ ifepjrimsata ws ui-ii thj eraciitioi* fr >n hi n^n beings, cows, and iijgs,

th9 (lirt.Crona tbe pigsty, rotten maats, rubbiih, bread and su^ar waste or mSl^^<^,

LLl? , iTTR -
 i

5^ f
then their different effects calculated.
We -studied'— W^—SSF^iS l)r<i«»S)y "«l")ffe'rent "fly~"cov~ers"*ln"«aeh^
"
five other
cover was
common
i^jt «pily 9p,«?,Jitnt! g^^.jKi^tter., ,p'^i<'-" as,

rottea-vaaatlers-tint ans-^eisily diew^^ted in the environment.

otmian v-'nste matter, or one of;

coming out
We s|jdied— ^
them
ieedmfi
By
materials
this mettiod wft got thftir per^ptitage
fro«j . aqU tbQii; ^v>erpjge^f f

iNl KJ- tUdc. ^'ttie samtjf yaarj^

F^<.<?prof^ .(June analysett 'tt^^H* friM^tt'^Mmb!^^'
^^iamhg fi%^;l^iy wA^^ iBa**S.sgkta».%i4^ iii^ fii^:'mf montJha
^^^^ 22.
times and jfjacli time weu\_^(J t^.fty Cdgas and cnugbt ovejr sp^ctes ^mong moiSe
tlviTi flies. We , 'wH th«".r avcrnjio in each fly caga «ach day. a
'
., - - — a y.h'w S §'
'V! ML l^l^ihil^ of the anaaysitf is shown' on ^ma 0NE ,a * :
Evacuation R«Hirp Rubbish Brieai'^'^ip
from Iwmau jl^t^ia co%f^.

-4- 4^
.80
"
(Jh

^
•i.'^omfr'ia
90.4?
,
11.65 "'1
PSTTt
. 50
}-

~ltVS2-

15, H4 ^ 0.22 2.75

ifahiita

f
^ kstmr^^ l
^fean m ' I"-!? ;
35.43

Jlitff^J mVanhi n42iidj [vlt

if !3|
1 4»i^i«f^.4lH'sr.w^rSS
miii'niM'i tmmi :

w
Mb
3df
{I»w i»voo oi

«Jnci>oiq
htm
ode hna
,niiimJiiis8

,8»Ji<i-
mamns.
dsicfdirt'^Phl^ — fawsqs ^fiq
ijrjub
num
,8Joo(j-?j»«»3
»»iO ,}')0

,8}»II»>i
ban .5i}»2

oiWiKj ad;

1941 We observed and experimented 40 times. We^ ^Vidki 'rli9;'^ex;$>eTtoi$Dt8i bo^^

groups as before, from the various fly feeding materials. We discovered that there
were many kinds of fliea present an^Jhaf^^cb^ad its own principal germ?. The
results of our investigation are shown on table TWO

.Y])(^<m»na9 iBDtbeM lo iotA feonH ,A .0 o^aflrfnL h A .mW .8

 , n •

74 ' 1^#h^ : ^ iW 1k 'iR m^

Uquid Hard I Evacu- Evacu-| J>irtr

Feeding materials evacu- j
ntioa atiou from Rubbish Rottfn ,

ntion ation ! from from pigsty

from from j psgs cowa
bui

"
''^
43 4U 35 'r^O

— T'.'J m"! JiK' nir!n

from feedmri n^ateriafa 3166 i«41

iffilLk^H ^269

Lucilia green tnge 00 . > X22^~0.19%! 2. 12% 233'^ 12721"^

lAverflJe 4 3» 2S
"jPcrcientag^
Avera ge
i
'
J
'fr^Y>r;.j
j

3 2 "X"*
—
Percentage 00.9*9^ 2am^( W . 32^i 19^^ el4
3 e'Cari-nai-ia '
S ^ Stomozffs Perce ntaeej

^ [^gryei r|Avernf?e j
' i
,
^_ , , -
{

TrT! ~ '
~ -*^r-r '' " ft W/">. ^Jrn^d I

Table two '

""

In addition to the al^v/^ mentioned, experiments we made a total rrfSfirl^Iy

i "latlon of the attracted flies in relation to th«

tli^ differex^e of the rates of their multiplViilit each

number of fUea bred in order |0

monihl ' '/' C^]^<^

|
j
"^8rora th"bove^^irt» yf4 <f^ see ver^ -t^early tbA^I/ to rcbtion to ddit liajWinj

i b^aU^ Vh^,s0fiyi^. p^^acephaia is our ^^r^test cn^y :

iftiscd Wt»i<^iii:<i iai^
- LuiAlia Sm^Wa raak next. Th«y mukiply most nourishinj^- ia tbe^ontbs oT Aufir!
Sept. and Oct. Oa« must pay special attentkm to sanitation, and to cover well all

the public toilets, ce^s— pools, dung-ffill^ ^ild ^rubbish piles, and also to promote the
f^^<&xCtetB]Sitat^ nmcfnmt^ io ord*« to: «ftve jthoasfti^ i ^of ^cwde li^H^ifo^ ii>eing

tntjd? jfirii *f?i:"voo<ti> .f:a.!7')JBm J^aihs»li ^ uoripv ed^ moil fvio*bd Be eqaotg

1« Eomstock A An. introduction to mtoiiHdo^*

2. Henns, W. B, Medical and veteriimry entomology.
S. Rilfty, Wm. A A Jahaonten 0. A, Hnnd book of Medical enromotogy.
4. Grabam-Saiithy G, S, Flies in Relation to disease. Non-broodsucking Flies
 » -

^ Bi 75

5, Hegner, R, Practical Zoology.

6, Kegoer, R. Rovt, E. M. &. Angustine, D. L. Animal paraaitology
7, Foreman, F* W, <S Graham-Smith, G, S. Investigations on the prevention of Nais«
anc€s arising from flies and putrefaction.
9. Graham-Smith, G. S. Further observations on the habits and parasites of common
flies.

10. Howard, L. 0. The House Fly Disease Carries

11 • » ^1 o

12.
13. ,^
14. 27 4
76 93 -mm. mm
 # «S
,

iFrt ^ 77

( *

( 1st Report ')

Che-Poh Chen and Shui-chca Chiu

'.:

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# .
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it?^

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( Virus )

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i ^ "^ :
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if '

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'
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pmpm»^im%mm^n^.
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) ,

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mii > / ,'5:3

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rh-fMiw R IT if
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Stevens (l^ll ) f ^: ^" feJL&jif
.v.t
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it
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m',:i^M^

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' 00Amii}- SphacdomaJawc^JM Tenki m.fjj^^ itf:
m n-mm
,

, gEi»

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, . fH
53

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fA -
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3^ :
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>
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5 . ( > . , „ . .U
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rx f

^? J^ffP ^^5}^'1|§1^1^^11^:*3^^^»|1 tv*!;?- ,

"
#^^#&1^3|^^
^ mm
j"/r ', .{R|s ] r^fi:

. <.
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* efe , mm^mi^mjs^i^ ,
: >mmm^-mmmm*mmm9immi^ymim
mmmmm mmm^nmm
; ftfft W. B: SMf 3— 4 nini. hSi

, ,

ife
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3g ;teM M;&««$ &%
, ,

»
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- i: i^w , »

* 'i^f
• iifis

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^ikm^'m-M ^
Penicelliim Halicum Webmer.
»
» 41?

» «c

m
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flP:
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« 5%
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g;
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'

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Jft ilj JMdicUiium di^itd^uitv. Sacc. S*JiM.t5JL 5f

• «« ji§

{$ '
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STff
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mm^km?
ffe

fti
ffcl

^3^^|^8
teg

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8 • ( Stem end rot )

IMaporths citH C Faw. Wdf

;
) }f? tjf

u #

# m
31 *J5A

-
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it
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3fb^miJ<H'4"m'-.»vp..'>;rijr «'*^^ , mr-itammm^^^mm is
8 4
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if; * 5?< f

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fi

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,

12. IIJJiV:lWj3i;,^( Fusarirm rot >

f ^ la Fmariwn Sp.

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i^BiT

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;
fe^
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,

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^ ® "IS 0.
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fS?!!

rot Eh Phytophthora parasitica Dastur

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fr
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.

\-—!
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f

» 3^^fe
mmmm^mM
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mmwrnm^Jimmmmmt: ^mm'^ #:
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, ! f¥ 3 cm
,

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mmmm '-m m '

Phy^bpaljficSog^ ^o^ Citms in Chargchow, Fukjeii^

Cbe-pob Chen and Shui-chen Chiu

(Summary)

The present survey was conducted by us in the autumn of 1944. The regions
visited are the following districts of southern Fnkien such as Lung- chi, Chang -tai.
Nan—cliien, Hai—tea and Hua-an.
The genera! condition of the Citms culture in the area surveyed is described. The
description includes the planting area, varieties of Citrus trees, orchard management,
transportation, and insect pests.
Altogether twenty four kinds of diseases were investigated. These diseases together
with their causative organisms are listed as follows
Disease Causative organism
Tip-Cblorosis unlvDown
Black spot Pkoma cit^'icarpa Mc. Nip.
Mela nose Diapoiilie cilH (Faw) Wolf.
Scab Sphaci loma fawcetii Tenkias
Canker thy omonas cAWi (Hasse)
Blue contact moli FenictUium i-alicum Wehmcr
Green mold PaniiuUium digilalum Sacc.
Stem end rot Diaporthe cilH (Faw) Wold
Peteca unknown
Anthmcnase rot GloeOiipcHum sp.
Gray mcId BoUylis ciim^cra
Fusarium rot

Black mold Oapnodium citH and

Mdiola cUH Sacc.
Withe r-tip Colleto-Hohum sp.
Foot rot thyiophlho'ra -pa-i^antica
Gummosis undetermined
Felty Fungus Septoba' isiwn pseudopedi-
cellatum Burt
Buck skin PhyllocoperuH ohivorus
Split AUernorria citH
Wind injury due to physical injury
 mm --^ m mMMM
Hal! injury due to physical injury
Scnly bark unknown
Sun scald .< due to physical injury

lichen spot Licbea

 ( ,

•
mmm '^ ^5

+
A Study Of The 28-spotted Ladybird,

Epilachna vigintioctomacuiata otsch.

( A Preliminary Report )

by

Fe-HHn Lin

Ei^ilachra —m
,
I.

f
^ ( Fam. Coocinaffidae ) »

„A Check
Crotch.
ft
List of the Coccinallidae of

E. xipifiodopunctafa Fab.
China" — ,
>

J^. acuta Ws.

, ;
1933
E, admirabilis
j&l Tg^^I^,

?T
E. m-manila'a Motsch.
m » ^
) -' ,

!
, Js:^

^ «#;i
:l\:J^MB^
, ^
'
3
-^^mm »
3
—
immmT^m
»
8 >^

mmmrm*
frffi

. K C
« e
if
BS'

; , fh5t
sr

.
^mmmm » ir »
"'^ '

©1
fjf^ is
^ 31

n.
;^ P f^jSTfr^pq
'

^ Nifi =4 g^i^ f
 m , » (,, , , , * ' , E
m

86 .'.1.;11:/':
^ ! IfflMS.O-G.Cmm. 5.7mm.
'^ 4 .0

— S.Smm.
f,7irfiitw
4.6nim. , 09

» ti^v mmmm ^.
ist '
^ m-mm )^ ^ ! : )
SS
--
; —
h »
,

:
g
/i

>
» m
1'/

F
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+ ^^ 3.<i*3.3*l
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12
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Tiie 28-spoited ladybird, Ep%l<ithm vigintioctomacula^a Motuch.,* i*- a herbiverous

beetle belonging to the fam. CocxunaHidae. Its distribution in China is' exceedingly wide,
especiaUy in the provinces south -of the Yangtze . The rfresent mvestigation ttims to
give an account of its luorpbology, life history and habits as well as ife- u^jiiry \ipdh
different species of tbQ twst^planta. .
1* The body of an adult ladybird is semispherical, being coavdt dorsaily. It is
critn browa in color. The anunma i» ctevate^with ll^seMraents. On *ach elytron there
^re 14 black spots o( different tizes. These ^fpots are ^inrangM in 6 or S toWs acconling
tc the pattern 2-3'3.3'2.1 or 3.4'3':3.l. Due to ^the influence of the heredity and

©nvirojainent it b'appeim that these apota may combme togfttb*r or ^nily jrediice,

-,u 2> The eggs ara spiataeKShapedj smdotb, inadl yenow' in c<rfOTi'and are uduatlly ^nc-
92 *
losfd in an egg-mass. They are fastened on one end to the nHdersidei of the laeves.

The nverage number of eggs in each mass is nboix^ 50k

3* The eruciform and spindle-shaped ar,A« ^re muK .yeiiew m color whea tbey
first hatcb, then they become light yellow and firmlly turif into pale white. The terga
of each trunk segment possess long, branching blac)(-^pi>ed spices » wliicb on tbe 1st*
\Oth. and llth. segments are oDiy 4 m number, wbllc those on the 2nd. ter ^tb. seg-
irents are 6. The last trunk segment becomes the fleshly projection, secreting white
fluid for the purpose of helping their walking or banging up .th«r bodied. When. ^r<Jvfth

is earapleted, the larvae cepaent the hind pgrrt. of their abdomens to the iuAt pULnts

or other tlunga and form prepupae.

4. The pupae, libera, oval, soft in surface, are milk whtte or light yellow^ in color.
The ends of their abdomens are clot^d by the Ia«t larval skins.

&• In the present investigation it has been found that this particular species of

ladybird can only injure the plants helongm^ to the most, but not all of the ^nera
of the fam. Sdanaceae. While contrary to what liave b«en reported -by Ibe lorraer
workers, they have been found not to attack those plants beloiiguig to tiui families
Cucuibitacoae, Paj^lionaceae and others. The fo11owU][^<: species «re their optimum hwt-
plauta jSolatmm nigmm S ; • biflorum Z iSf. xeTbas(iifolium S* indcmpend:^
teberosum : Physalis Alkekengi P7i minima Lioium chinenae • Dat^u^'U
nlha etc.

6. The life of the adult and the duration of the period of its oviposition are ratber
long, lasting over 3 months. In Sha-hsien and Yung-an, although tbey are living under
the same enviwimnent it happens that there i8 a difference of ^ and 5 ^oeratiood in
a year.
7* The periods of the 4 sta^ in the life history arc invert ely proportional to
the temperature. The egg stage takea about 3-8 d^ys, the larval stage, about 13-23
<iays the pupal stage, about 3—5 days, and the life of the adult lasts about 40—95
days* Those adults which pas3 thriugb the win^ir live atxmt days. '.The time
from egg to adult occupies about 19— S2 days.
8* Tbe moutb-paxts of the adults and ]arva« ars ^at' yitry stvonf^ tti^fo^e,
when they ate chewing the leaves Of .petals, they rarely dan penetrate tbe othtt* ndm
of them. After their attack there will be a number .60 raaat! and regiriar coneaVe lit^
on the le^^ or petals.
9, Both th« adults and lqTvafiv«i« calinibatMta&« eating or <x>nsi^n^ Vtm egg
and-poiia of other indivaduajs^. th^n adulter ^htJL -they me Imn^ry, wiH^attafck km*
companions.
10. There is q^, definite tieoe iM-th^ «dalt« ;icH«nierg«; After a few 4«yft^ «th*ry
b to cQpuIate*! ,M<>ne jtban..* j^l.raft^rf ^ir (Jwpoidtdoi^ tl»yi tben, begin t« lay
 iSS S3

11. Temperature 25 — 28° C. and bvmidiiy 0— K, H. at* suitable to the

activity of the adults. Tbcy dislike flying* As seem es they are frightened they preeent
the appear<ince of feigning death, shrinking their legs and falling to the ground* Some-
times from the ends of the feirora of the 6 leg?, the yeJlowisb, odorous and alkalin*
blood may be secreted ectiog aa the repellent substance*
12. Ill ihe beginning or middle of November, when the ternperature is descending
to about 18 G,, the adults of the last generation ht^n to hide themselves in the wee*

dSf the Icose soil, the creeks of the wall, fence or barks of the tree to pass th«ir win-
ter. Up to the rcxt year, in tte end of March or the beginning of Aprils when the
teirperature is tscfrding to ah out 19° they aprear agaijs. At firsts they live on
the wild plonts— 9Mcb as Solanum nigrum; S. bifloTum Fhysaiit minima IJciura chi-
cenge etc., then they spread tbcir attack en the S, melocgeDa S. tuberosum
L yeopefsicum esculentum etc*

IS. Thera is no definite time for the larvae to hateb ^ At first, they take their
fcod by groups near the places of the egg-rnass. After tbey bcoozce more or less mature,
they scatter around*
14. There are 3 molts and 4 in stars. The larvae of the 4th. instar, in the last

2—4 (lays*, stop to fetch food, fix and shrink their bodies, nnd form tbtt quiet md
tiumpbacked prepupae.
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Stuoties on the Mc4pl olcgy. Habitats, and Life

History of patiirnJa pyrelciimi Westwcod

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Studies Oil the Morphology, Habitat, and

Life lii story of Saturn a pyretoriim i WestWood

Dhen Ying
—-"-- A h>i*'ract .

Sakm'iiia pyretorum Westwood. being a spedes of Saturniidae, is known to occur

in Kwanj^timg , Xwangsi , Fukien Kiangsi, Hunnn, Hainan Tsland, and Formosa

are sumwhat rectangular, being 2 5 mni. in length, and 1.8 ram. In width.
They are aid in masses on the branches of host j^Iant.

A newly hatched larva measures 5.2 mm, in length, and 1mm. in width while

a full-grown one is 95 vara, in length, and 10. 1 mm. in width. Some of the larvae

melt four Uraes others five times, even if they come from the same eggmass. The
mature larvae in search of proper places for pupation, come down to the lower part of

the stem uf host plant, or to the shrubs near it.

Pupation takes place within ttfe cocoons. Pupae are elliptical . In average, they

are 32.8 mm, in length, and lO.Srnm, in width. The vissible segments on the dorsal
side are ten in nu tnber, while on the ventral side they are six in number.
m m ism s^^ft , mi
The male acd the femole rroths can be distingtnshed easily. Their jitiportnnt diff-

erences are as follows

1. The lengtb of tle male moth becomes enlarged toward the posterior end.
2. The abdomen of the female rrotti bfconnes pointed toward posterior end tliat

of the ferrale inoth bee orres enlarged toward the posterior end.

8* The antennae of the male moth me plumose and broader than that of the
female moth those of the female moth are also phunosc, but narrower than
that of the male moth.
Annually Safu^rriia ^y^refomm has only f^ne g^eneration. Its life history may be
briefly stated as follows

Egg stage Larval staga Pupal stage Abult stage

Early Way to
Mid-February Mid-March to Late January to
lat Jan» (next
to £aid-Marbb» early May. early February,
year).
 p

S0053299

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102
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