DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE

(DAP)
Presented by: Cañete, Mary Jane
BSED SCIENCE 2B
"Diammonium phosphate," often
abbreviated as DAP, is a common
type of fertilizer used in
agriculture. It provides essential
nutrients, namely nitrogen and
phosphorus, to plants to help
them grow and thrive.
 Diammonium phosphate (DAP) →
chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4
where:

1. NH4: This part represents ammonium ions (NH4⁺),

2. HPO₄: This part represents hydrogen phosphate
ions (HPO₄²⁻)
4
 Diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers first became available in the 1960s, and DAP
rapidly became the most popular in this class of products.

IUPAC Name diammonium hydrogen phosphate

It is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be

produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.

The typical formulation is 18-46-0 (18% N, 46% P₂O, 0% K₂O).

At 100 °C, the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mm

Hg.
4
Accordingly, to MSDS of DiammoniumPhosphate from CF Industries inc. decomposition
starts as low as 70 degree Celsius.
PROPERTIES:
Other anions:
Monoammonium phosphate, Triammonium
phosphate

Other cations:
Disodium phosphate, Dipotassium phosphate
 RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Diammonium phosphate with grade 18:46:0, industrial manufacturing process
requires five starting materials.
•Anhydrous liquid & vapour ammonia (99.5% pure NH3)
•Phosphoric acid (52-54% P205)
•Sulfuric acid (93-98% H2SO4)
•Urea prills (99% NH2CONH2)
•Filler Urea Prills
Filler
 Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is produced by mixing two main ingredients:
ammonia and phosphoric acid.

1. Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia is a gas that contains nitrogen and hydrogen.

2. Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4): Phosphoric acid is a liquid that contains phosphorus, another
vital nutrient for plants.
3. Mixing: Ammonia and phosphoric acid are mixed together in specific proportions.
4. Formation of DAP: The chemical reaction results in the creation of DAP, which is a solid
fertilizer.
THE PRIMARY USES OF DAP (DIAMMONIUM
PHOSPHATE) IN AGRICULTURE ARE:

1. Nutrient Supply
2. Enhanced Root Development
3. Improved Flower and Fruit Production
 HOW DAP BENEFITS PLANT GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT:
Nitrogen Boost: The ammonium ions in DAP release nitrogen slowly over time, ensuring a
steady supply of this vital nutrient to plants.
Phosphorus for Energy Transfer: Phosphorus from DAP is vital for energy transfer in plants.
Root Strength: DAP strengthens plant roots, allowing them to absorb water and nutrients
more efficiently.
Flower and Fruit Formation: The phosphorus in DAP aids in the formation of flowers and
fruits, which are essential for crop production.
 ADVANTAGES OF USING DAP (DIAMMONIUM
PHOSPHATE) AS A FERTILIZER:

1. Balanced Nutrition
2. Steady Nutrient Release
3. Strong Roots
4. Better Flowering and Fruiting
5. Versatility
6. Cost-Effective
 DISADVANTAGES:
1. Overuse Harm: Using too much DAP can harm plants and the
environment. It's crucial to follow application guidelines.
2. Acidic Soil: Over time, DAP can make the soil slightly acidic, which
may not be suitable for all crops.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS:
1. Water Pollution
2. Eutrophication
3. Ammonia Emissions
4. Energy Consumption
 GUIDANCE ON HOW TO APPLY DAP (DIAMMONIUM
PHOSPHATE) TO DIFFERENT CROPS:

1. For Most Crops:

- Apply DAP before planting or during early growth.
- Typically, use about 2-4 pounds (1-2 kilograms) of DAP per 100 square feet
(10 square meters) of soil.
2. For Corn and Wheat:
- Apply DAP during planting.
- Use around 150-200 pounds (70-90 kilograms) of DAP per acre.
3. For Fruit Trees:
- Apply DAP in late winter or early spring before flowering.
- Spread about 1-2 pounds (0.5-1 kilogram) of DAP per tree.
4. For Vegetables:
- Apply DAP before planting or during early growth.
- Use approximately 2-4 pounds (1-2 kilograms) of DAP per 100 square feet (10
square meters) of soil.
 DAP (DIAMMONIUM
UREA AMMONIUM NITRATE
PHOSPHATE)

- Contains both nitrogen - Contains only nitrogen. - Also provides nitrogen.

and phosphorus.
- Suitable for crops that - Best for crops needing a
- Good for general use require a nitrogen boost, fast nitrogen supply, like
in various crops. like corn and wheat. vegetables and fruit trees.
- Quick-release fertilizer, - Rapid nutrient release
- Ideal for crops that giving plants a rapid
need a balanced nutrient kick. for immediate plant use.
nutrient supply, like
grains and oilseeds. - Needs to be applied - Requires cautious
carefully to prevent handling due to safety
nitrogen loss through concerns.
- Releases nutrients
slowly, providing volatilization.
consistent plant growth.
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND HANDLING GUIDELINES FOR DAP:
1. Storage:
- Store DAP in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
- Keep it in a secure, well-ventilated area, away from flammable materials.

2. Handling:
- Wear appropriate protective gear, like gloves and safety goggles, when handling DAP to avoid skin and eye contact.

3. Spills:
- In case of spills, clean them up promptly and dispose of the spilled material properly.

4. Mixing:
- When mixing DAP with water, always add DAP to water, not the other way around, to prevent splashing.

5. Dust:
- Minimize dust generation when handling DAP. Dust can be harmful if inhaled, so use caution.
 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND HANDLING GUIDELINES FOR DAP:
6. Transportation:
- If transporting DAP, use sturdy containers and secure them to prevent leaks or spills during transit.

7. First Aid:
- If DAP comes into contact with skin or eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention if
necessary.

8. Labeling:
- Keep DAP in its original, properly labeled packaging to avoid confusion.

9. Children and Pets:

- Store DAP out of reach of children and pets, as it can be harmful if ingested.
 SUMMARY
- DAP is a fertilizer used in farming.
- It contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which help plants grow.
- Proper application rates are important to avoid overuse.
- DAP can enhance root development and increase flower and fruit production.
- However, using too much DAP can harm the environment.
- Safety precautions include wearing protective gear and proper storage.
- Choose DAP when you need a balanced nutrient supply for various crops.
- Remember to follow recommended guidelines for different crops and soil types.
- Carefully handle DAP to prevent accidents.
- In conclusion, DAP is valuable for agriculture, but it must be used wisely and
safely to protect both crops and the environment.
 THANK YOU!
I HOPE YOU LEARN SOMETHING NEW TODAY!