CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methodology of this study. It includes research design, respondents of the study,
sampling procedure and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The research design will be used by the researchers will be a descriptive method of research by using
questionnaire checklist to know the safety and security measures implemented by Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology Personnel at Talavera Municipal Jail. Descriptive method of research defined as the data fact-
finding with adequate interpretation and the true meaning of the data collected from the point of view of the
objective and assumption of the research, it can be used in multiple ways and for various reasons. Descriptive
method of research is useful in conducting research that aimed to identify the characteristics, frequencies,
trends, correlations and categories. Descriptive method of research was used in this study considering it is the
most appropriate method in conducting the research.

The type of descriptive design method used will be a survey method, wherein it includes recording the
answers of the respondents through surveys or questionnaires. Surveys were generally used to collect feedback
from the respondents. The biggest advantage of the survey method is that it can be conducted online or offline.
One of the reasons why the survey method was the go-to option for descriptive research is that it entails the
collection of large amounts of data in a limited span of time.

Respondents

The respondents of the study will be a total of Thirty-two (32) BJMP Personnel gathered from the
management of Talavera Municipal Jail which will be conducted through purposive sampling. The researchers
chose BJMP Personnel as a respondent in this study because the said personnel are more inclined to know the
Safety and Security Measures implemented by Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Personnel at Talavera
Municipal Jail, because they are the one who works there. For that reason, the researchers believed that the
chosen respondents such as the BJMP Personnel are able to provide the data needed in the conduct of this study.

Sampling Procedure

Purposive sampling will be used in selecting samples, wherein which researcher relies on his or her own
judgment when choosing members of population to participate in the study. It is under the non-probability
sampling method. This type of sampling technique is a key informant survey which target individuals who are
particularly knowledgeable about the said issue. Researchers believed that upon using this sampling technique
in the conduct of their study, the reliability and unbiased conclusion were made.

Research Instrument

The main instrument will be used in the conduct of the study is the questionnaire checklists which is
formulated with the help of research panelists and research adviser. Questionnaire checklist refers to a set of
printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of survey or statistical study. The
instrument that was used is a structured or self-constructed questionnaire developed by the researches which
consist of items that the selected respondents have to answer in a set format.

The instrument will be composed of three (3) parts in the checklist wherein it involves the profile of the
respondents, sub-problem number 2 and sub-problem 3. Part I of the questionnaire checklists deals with the
profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender and office/department in which the respondents belong. Part II
was composed of ten (10) item checklists that deals on the statements that assessed the safety and security
measures implemented by Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Personnel at Talavera Municipal Jail. Part
III was composed of ten (10) items checklist that deals with the problems encountered by BJMP Personnel at
Talavera Municipal Jail. The response to each item in the part II and III of the questionnaire checklists will be
evaluated according to the Likert’s Scale or the scale that consists of 4,3,2,1 with a provided range and verbal
interpretation using strongly agree, agree, disagree and strongly disagree.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will be asked for permission for the approval of this research study through a series of
recommendations and healthy criticisms from the panelist during the title proposal and research adviser will
allow them to float the questionnaire checklist.

The researchers will draft a questionnaire checklist to present to their research adviser for comments,
corrections and suggestions. Then it will be presented to the panel for its validity, enhancing its improvement to
come up with the final revision. As the researchers finished their revised questionnaire checklists, the
researchers will propose a letter of request to the adviser for approval to gather data and another for the
respondents. The request letter will be given and address to the Jail Inspector of Talavera Municipal Jail
considering that the said management was the one who implemented all safety and security measures in jail as
part of the conduct of the study to get their permission.

Upon approval of the request letter and before administering the main tool in the conduct of the study, the
researchers will orient the respondents about the questionnaire they will be answered for them to be informed
about the purpose of the study. The researchers will personally give the questionnaire to the respondents and
guide them in answering the questions in the questionnaire-checklist. After one week of answering and
accomplishing the questionnaire by the respondents, it will immediately be collected and retrieved by the
researchers.

Moreover, after the collection of questionnaire checklist from the targeted respondents, the responses will
undergo computation and tabulation, then the data will interpret and will be used statistical instrument. After the
researchers manage to interpret the data, the following step will be the summarization of findings, then the
researchers will make their conclusions based on the findings or results. And lastly, the researchers will come up
with some recommendations which is based on the conclusions of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers will be summarized and analyzed the responses of the respondents upon gathering of the
questionnaire.

1. For the Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents the following statistical formula will be
used:

The data on the questionnaire checklist that deals with the socio-demographic profile of the respondents
used the frequency and percentage distribution of responses. The data gathered will be computed, discussed and
analyzed for the significant findings.

Frequency Distribution. This is used by categorizing and tabulating the frequency of each occurrence.
Frequency distribution is an organized tabulation/graphical representation of the number of individuals in each
category on the scale of measurement. In this way, the table summarizes the distribution of values in the sample.

Percentage. This will be used to get the proportion of a part of the whole.

Formula:
(%) = f___ x100
 N
% = Percent of Frequency

Where:
f = Frequency
N = Total of Respondents

2. For the extent of the safety and security measures implemented by BJMP Personnel at Talavera
Municipal Jail, the following statistical formula will be used:

Weighted Mean. is a type of mean that is calculated by multiplying the weight associated with a particular
event or outcome with its associated quantitative outcome and then summing all the products together, defined
as the summation of the products o weights and quantities, divided by the summation of weights. (CUEMATH,
2022)

Formula:
WM = TWF
N

Where:
WM = Weighted Mean
TWF = Total Weight Formula
N = Total number of respondents

For verbal interpretation, the following scale will be used:

Scale Numerical Equivalent Verbal Interpretation
4 3.26-4.00 Very Much Implemented
3 2.51-3.25 Implemented
2 1.76-2.50 Least Implemented
1 1.00-1.75 Not Implemented

3. For the problems encountered by BJMP Personnel in the Implementation of Safety and Security
Measures at Talavera Municipal Jail, the following statistical formula will be used:

Formula:
WM = TWF
N
Where:
WM = Weighted Mean
TWF = Total Weight Formula
N = Total number of respondents

For the verbal interpretation, the following scale was used:

Scale Numerical Equivalent Verbal Interpretation

4 3.26-4.00 Strongly Agree (SA)
3 2.51-3.25 Agree (A)
2 1.76-2.50 Disagree (D)
1 1.00-1.75 Strongly Disagree (SD)

4. Ranking
 The statistical treatment is also utilized to discuss positional advantages. Ranking is the placement of an
item in a category of more or less that the same item. It simply says that one is higher than the other.