CHARISSE ANN V.

BALONDO
BSED 1- FILIPINO 9/3/2023

POL 101:ASSIGNMENT

The Code of Kalantiaw is considered a hoax due to a series of historical conflict

and revelations that cast doubt on its authenticity. In the 1960s, doubts began to emerge
among historians and scholars regarding the document's validity. Notably, historian
William Henry Scott labeled it as fraudulent in his work on Philippine history,
"Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History," published in 1968.

One of the key figures behind the promotion of the Code of Kalantiaw, Jose
Marco, was later found to have a track record of historical inaccuracies, inconsistencies,
and even fabrications in his works. This raised serious questions about the credibility of
the code and its origins. Another respected historian, Teodoro Agoncillo, also disputed
the document during his time.

Further investigation revealed that the Code of Kalantiaw was part of a larger
pattern of historical fabrication by Jose Marco. Another code attributed to him, the Code
of Lakantiaw, was found to have no historical basis.

In the early 2000s, then-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo removed the Order

of Kalantiaw from the Honors Code of the Philippines, a move that signaled the
diminishing credibility of the code.

In 2004, the National Historical Institute (now the National Historical

Commission of the Philippines) officially confirmed that the Code of Kalantiaw was a
hoax. NHI Resolution No. 12 declared the code invalid and made several consequential
pronouncements, including acknowledging it as a twentieth-century fraudulent work by
Jose Marco. This official recognition marked the definitive discrediting of the Code of
Kalantiaw as a legitimate historical document, emphasizing the importance of critical
examination in historical research.