AL

BERT
AYM T
ANS
IL1
,S
AULDRAP
AR2
I
1
nt
ershi
pdoct
orofGMIM Be
thes
daHospit
alT
omohon
Opht
2
hal
molog
istofGMI
M Bet
hesdaHos
pit
alTomohon

hea
T im oft
hiss
tudyi
spr
ovi
dingc
har
act
eri
scofr
efr
acv
edi
sor
der
sofout
pa ente
yec
li
nici
nGMI
M Be
thes
daHos
pit
alT
omohonf
rom J
anua
ry2019t
oJune2020.

T
hisi
sa r
etr
ospecv
e des
cri
pve s
tudy
. Da
ta wer
e c
oll
ect
ed f
rom pa ent
’s medi
calr
ecor
ds.

Thi
sstudyincl
uded2.235pa entsinwhi c
h26,8%a remen,73,2%a rewomen.Mostofpa entsa r
ea ged51-
60y ear
s(19,
3%).Basedonplac
eofresidence,38,
3%
pa entsl
i
veoutsi
deTomohon, 411(18,4%)pa ent
sliv
ei nTomohonwhichmostl
yfr
omS out
hT omohon. Themostcommondiagnosi
sismyopi
a45,
7%i ncluded38.
7%
mil
d,6.1%moderate,
a nd0,
9%s evere.In486pa ents,13,2%diag
nosedassi
mplemyopicasg ma sm, 8,5%a
sc ompoundmyopicasg ma s
m, a
nd0, 09%a smixed
asg ma sm.Inaddion,727pa ent swerediagnoseda shyper
me t
ropi
a.Re
fracvedis
ordersals
oha ppenedbil
ater
all
yin67,
9%.Mos tcommonly60,3%c ompla
int
i
sblurr
edv i
si
on.

Muj eeb(2019)r eg a
rdingther esulthadf oundt hatrefracv edis
orderwa smor ec ommoni nwomeni sa bout50.2%.1
Ba sedonda tareg i
steri
ne yecl
i
nicGMI M Be t
hes-
da, morere fr
a cv edisorderfoundi nwomen( 73.2%)t hanmen( 26.8%) .Thes er esul
tsa reprobablyduet omor ea en ont owomen’ shealth.
Tylerri
me tal (
2016)findi ngst hatmy opiaist hemos tcommondi agnos i
s(51.9%) .Muj
2
eeb(2019),andMengwa nge tal (
2019)alsofindt hatmos tref
racv edi s
order
i
smy opia
.1,
3
Thisisinaccordanc ewiththi sstudy,my opiawa st
hecommones ttypeofr efracvedi sorder.Futhermore,mos tofpa ent sarea ged>40y ears.Thismight
happenbec ausepr oducv eag eo enper f
orms hortv i
sualdis
tancea cv iess ot hatriskofmy opiai ncreas
e.
Bas edonpl aceofr esi
denc e,ma jori
typa entl i
veout sideTomohon( 38.
7%) .Thisi sli
kelyduet oTomohonha smorec ompl et
ee yeca refaci
liesa ndea s
ya ccessthan
areaout s
idet omohons ot hatma nypa entc omet oTomohon. SchelliniSeta l(2016)obt ainasthenopi awa sthema inv is
ua ls
ympt omofr ef
ra cvedisorderinBra z
il
-
i
anpopul a on.As
4
thenopiaisr efer
reda sal argenumberofs ymptomsa sblurredv i
si
on, difficultyinf ocusi
nga tdi
ffer entdistances
, ocularpainordiscomfort,photo-
phobi a
,wa tery,bur ni
ngori t
c hinge yes,e t
ct hatgotr eli
evedwitht hec orr
econofr efr
acv eer rors.Thisisconsi
stentwi t
hthisstudy ,mostc ommonl ycompl ai
ntis
bl
ur redvisi
on.

Mostpa ent
swithre
fracv edi
sor
der
sint
hiss
tudyarewomen,
aged51-
60years
,li
veout
si
deT
omohon.
Mos
tcommondi
agnos
isi
smi
l
dmy
opi
awhi
chha
ppen
bi
l
atera
ll
yinalmosta
llpa ents
.Bl
urr
edvi
si
onisthemostc
ommoncomplai
nt.

Pa
1. rre
yMUR, Elmor s
yE .
.Preva l
enceandpa er nofref
racveerrorsamongS audiadults
.PakJMedS ci2019;35(2)
:394-398
Ri
2. mT H,KimS H,Li
m KH, Choi M, Ki
m HYe tal.
Refra
cv eError
sinKor eans
:T heKor eaNa onalHeal
tha ndNutrionE xa mina onSurvey2008-
2012.
Kor ea
nJOph-
t
3.hal
mol .2016J un;30(3)
:214-224
Wa ng,M. ,Cui,J.
,Sha n,
G. eta l
.Prev
alenceandris
kfactor
sofrefr
acv eerror:across-
seconalStudyinHa nandYi adultsinYunnan,
China.BMCOphtha l
mol 19,
33(2019)
S
4.chel
liniS,FerrazF,Opromol laP,Oli
veir
aL ,
PadovaniC.Mainvis
ua ls
y mptomsa ssocia
tedtore
fracv eerrorsandspectacleneedinaBrazi
li
anpopula on.IntJ
Ophtha l
mol .2016;9(11)
:1657-1662.Publi
shed2016Nov18. doi:
10.18240/ij
o.2016.11.
20