ART_APP - 4ISA - IGNACIO

ART_APP : ASYNCH ACTIVITY 1

Different Mediums for Painting and Drawing

People have been expressing themselves through art for all of art history, using a variety of
media. In order to express themselves artistically, artists have always chosen ideas and
methods that work for them. This journey has come a long way from using colored powder to
draw on the Altamira cave walls to incorporating contemporary technology into the making of
art. It is possible to create art using a variety of mediums:

Traditional Painting and Drawing Styles

a. Tempera
- The term "tempera," which refers to paint combined with cohesive elements like
egg yolk, describes the painting style and the art medium. With evidence of
tempera artworks dating back to the first century A.D., this substance makes
tempera an art medium that dries quickly and lasts a long time.
b. Oil Painting
- This is a traditional artistic technique that became acknowledged as a creative
medium in Europe in the 15th century. Linseed oil, which gives oil paints their
name, is typically present and causes it to dry more slowly than other types of
paint. An advantage of oil painting as a medium for creating art is the lengthy
drying time. By putting another layer of paint on the canvas, it gives artists the
chance to change specific elements of their compositions or create a completely
new scene.
c. Acrylic painting
- When it comes to drying times, acrylic paints are quicker than oil paints to dry,
and once they do, they become water-resistant. However, you can mimic the look
of gouache or watercolors by dissolving acrylic paint in water before using it on
canvas. Acrylic painting gives artists the option to add layers or textures to their
pieces, enhancing glossiness and giving them depth. To create a matte effect in
their paintings, they can also add water.
d. Watercolors
- For newcomers to the art world, using watercolor paint as a medium can be
difficult. Watercolors are a favorite medium for many artists due to their
seemingly limitless color palette. There is not much you can do to alter the
outcome once you put these into practice on paper. However, watercolors give
paintings a translucent quality and are the best medium for capturing changes in
light.
e. Charcoal
- Drawing with this medium is among the oldest art forms. Organic powder that has
been bound with wax or gum is what makes charcoal sticks. Charcoal allows you
to draw both soft, expressive lines as well as bold, dark ones. Applying some
ART_APP - 4ISA - IGNACIO

fixatives to charcoal drawings is advised to ensure the durability of the artwork

because this medium is easily erasable.
f. Pastels
- Similar to oil paints, these art mediums are made of a binding substance and
paint pigment. In the 18th century, pastels were frequently used for painting and
drawing. Depending on the outcome they're going for, artists can combine
various pastels. Soft pastels, for instance, work well for blending, while hard
pastels are best for sharp outlines or outlining larger compositions. A soft sponge
is used to apply pan pastels, a contemporary variation of this medium for the arts.
You can use water-soluble pastels if you prefer thinner layers of transparent,
semi-transparent colors that blend easily, or oil pastels if you prefer intense color.
g. Chalk
- Until the Paleolithic period, artists used another organic material for drawing.
Depending on the material, there are typically three colors of artistic chalk: black,
white, and sanguine. White and sanguine chalks are made of limestone, while
sanguines contain red ochre. Black chalks are composed of soft black stone. In
the beginning, chalks were used for sketching, but during the Renaissance, they
were used as a standalone art medium.
h. Graphite pencils
- Since the French Revolution, these have been used as a form of expression in
the arts. Graphite can be used for outlining, shading, and sketching. You can use
graphite pencils with varying degrees of hardness to create fine art. This is a
practical art medium because it enables you to redo your work by erasing
sections or the entirety of a drawing.
i. Colored pencils
- colored pencils were used by everyone to color and draw, which marked the
beginning of your attempts at creative expression. From being a kid's toy to an
established art medium, colored pencils have come a long way. Because of the
many benefits they provide, they have attracted a great deal of interest and
respect in the world of modern art. The art created with colored pencils is
expressive, intense, and radiant. At the same time, this artistic medium offers
artists the chance to create works of art that are photorealistic.
j. Pen and ink
- In well-known art forms like pen art, hand lettering, and calligraphy, you can also
use a pen for this purpose to outline shapes and add color. Depending on what
you intend to use it for, you can select from a variety of pen types, including
graphic pens, fountain pens, and drafting pens. You really need to master ink
drawing techniques before you start using ink as an art medium because it is a
strong but harsh one. The ratio of empty space to ink-filled space on paper is
what gives pen and ink artworks their expressive quality.
ART_APP - 4ISA - IGNACIO

Three-Dimensional Art
a. Carving
- cutting out pieces of the material usually stone or wood until you get the shape
you want.
b. Casting
- creating components of a large sculpture by pouring a liquid art medium, such as
iron, into molds that have been specially designed.
c. Modeling
- creating the desired shape by working with and transforming soft art supplies like
clay or plaster before allowing them to harden. For amazing glass art pieces,
contemporary artists today also employ various modeling techniques.
d. Construction
- a creative process whereby artists combine different materials to create
sculptures, then use glue, wire, or welding to hold the components together.

Mixed Media Techniques and Unconventional Artistic Expression

a. Collages
- are works of art that you create by fusing different materials, such as paper, cloth,
newspaper clippings, and ordinary objects to make one-of-a-kind artwork. Online
artwork can even be used to make a digital collage.
b. Assemblage
- a form of mixed media art made in three dimensions by stacking various objects
and materials on a surface. It was adopted by artists like Jasper Johns and
Robert Rauschenberg as an anti-aesthetic method of creating assemblage art,
and it spread widely in the 1950s and 1960s.
c. Found objects
- a mixed-media technique in which artists take commonplace items and use them
to create works of art by incorporating them into a particular artistic concept.
d. Altered books
- Using a book as a tool in an artistic process requires a technique that involves
physically altering the book. A book's pages can be altered by being cut out, or
you can use the materials from the pages you've already cut out to create new
artwork.
e. Art journaling
- represents a way to enhance your collection of various experiences, memories,
and ideas by adding an artistic touch to them. You can start with mixed media
journaling, also known as junk journaling, or you can step up your game and use
a wide range of art concepts and techniques. Postcards, concert tickets, washi
tape, decorative paper, and magazine images are just a few of the materials used
in this type of art journaling. As prompts for your art journal, you can use various
recycled materials. If you are an avid user of digital tools and are considering the
ART_APP - 4ISA - IGNACIO

numerous ways that you might be able to use them to create art, you might want
to start with digital art journaling.

Photography as an Art Medium

a. Documentary
- aims to capture important historical or everyday events that will accurately
represent an era. This style of photography, which is closely related to
photojournalism, is very effective at drawing attention to urgent social issues.
b. Landscape
- landscape painting is where it all started. Here, the environment is the main focus
of the photographers, who capture images of both urban and natural settings
while utilizing framing and cropping techniques to produce unique compositions.
c. Portrait
- originated from landscape painting. Here, photographers focus on the
environment, taking pictures of natural and urban surroundings and using framing
and cropping methods to create extraordinary compositions.
d. Nude
- which dates back to the daguerreotype's creation. As a much quicker and more
practical method of capturing someone's image, this artistic photography style
replaced portrait painting. Due to advancements in technology, talented
photographers are now able to go outside and use the surroundings and light of
nature to produce captivating portraits.
e. Digital
- has emerged with the development of digital technology, offering a variety of new
opportunities for producing amazing works of art. Thanks to cutting-edge
software and apps, photographers can now create, edit, and retouch their
images.

Elements of Art
a. Line
- a piece of art that is characterized by a point moving through space. Line can be
abstract or descriptive, two- or three-dimensional, implied or explicit.
b. Shape
- two-dimensional, flat, or only measuring in height and width is a feature of art.
c. Form
- a three-dimensional, volume-enclosing work of art that consists of height, width,
and depth (such as a cube, sphere, pyramid, or cylinder). Form may also be fluid.
d. Value
- the brightness or darkness of tones or colors. Black is the darkest value, and
white is the lightest. Middle gray is the color that lies in the middle of these two
extremes.
ART_APP - 4ISA - IGNACIO

e. Space
- A component of art that uses both positive and negative space is a work of art
that is defined or that demonstrates depth.
f. Color
- a visual component with the three characteristics of hue, value, and intensity.
Intensity is a quality of brightness and purity (high intensity = strong, bright color;
low intensity = faint, dull color). Texture is a term used to describe how something
feels or appears to feel when touched.
g. Texture
- a characteristic of art that describes how something feels or appears to feel when
touched.

Principles of Organization in Art

a. Rhythm
- a design rule that denotes motion, produced by the thoughtful placement of
recurring elements in a piece of art to produce a visual tempo or beat.
b. Balance
- a technique for combining elements to add a sense of a work of art needs
stability or equilibrium. principal types are symmetrical as well as asymmetrical.
c. Emphasis (contrast)
- an approach to combining elements that highlights their differences.
d. Proportion
- A design rule that discusses how certain components relate to the overall
composition and to one another.
e. Gradation
- a method of combining elements that makes use of a number of small, gradual
changes in those elements. (dark hue to light hue, dark hue to light hue, etc.)
f. Harmony
- a technique for combining similar elements in art in a way that emphasizes their
likenesses (accomplished through repetition and subtly changing them over time)
g. Variety
- an aesthetic rule that emphasizes contrast or diversity. A work of art can achieve
variety by utilizing various forms, dimensions, and/or hues.
h. Movement
- a design principle that directs the viewer's gaze throughout the artwork while
evoking the look and feel of action.