Art and Artisans Production Process

Medium Technique Curation

Medium

 It comes from the Latin word medium,

denotes the means by which an artist
communicates his idea.
 It is the stuff out of which he creates a work
of art. These are the materials which the
artist uses to translate his feelings or thought
into a beautiful reality.
 On the basis of medium, the arts are
primarily classified as: Visual and Auditory
The Artist and His Mediums

 The artist thinks feels and gives shape to his

vision in terms of his mediums. When an
artist chooses his medium, he believes that
this can best express the idea he wants t
convey. Most often an artist employs more
than one medium to give meaning to his
creative production.
Technique

 Technique is the manner in which the artist

controls his medium to achieve the desired
effect. It is the ability with which he fulfills the
technical requirement s of his particular work
of art. It has to do with the way he
manipulates the work of art. It has to do with
the way he manipulates his medium to
express his ideas.
The Mediums of Visual Arts

 Watercolor- as a medium is difficult to handle

because it is difficult to produce warm and
rich tones. While changes may be made once
the paint has been applied such changes
normally tend to make the color less
luminous. This defect however are rendered
by watercolor artists through some
techniques.
 Fresco- This is the painting on a moist plaster
surface with colors ground in water or a
limewater mixture. The colors dry into
plaster, and the picture becomes a part of the
wall. Fresco must be done quickly because it
is an exacting medium
 Tempera- paints are mineral pigments mixed
with egg yolk or egg white and ore. They are
often used as a binder due to its film forming
properties and rapid drying rate.
 Pastel- This is a stick of dried paste mage of
pigments ground with chalk and
compounded with gum water. Its colors are
luminous, and it is a very flexible medium.
Some artists use a fixing medium or a
protecting surface such a glass, but when the
chalk rubs, the picture loses some of its
brilliance.
 Encaustic- This is one of the early mediums
used by the Egyptians for the painted portrait
on mummy cases. This is done by painting
with wax colors fixed with heat. Painting with
wax produces luster and radiance in the
subject making them appear at their best in
portraits.
 Oil- painting is one of the most expensive art
activities today because of the prohibitive
cost of materials. In oil painting, pigments are
mixed with linseed oil and applied to the
canvas. One good quality of oil paint as a
medium is its flexibility. The artist may use
brush, palette knife or even his bare hands
when applying paint in his canvass.
 Acrylic- This medium is used popularly by
contemporary painters because of the
transparency and quick drying characteristics
of water color and the flexibility of oil
combined. This synthetic paint is mixed with
acrylic emulsion as binder for coating the
surface of the artwork.
 Mosaic- art is a picture or decoration made of
small pieces of inlaid colored stones or glass
called “tesserae” which most often are cut in
into squares glued on a surface with plaster
or cement. Mosaic is usually classified as
painting. Although the medium used is not
strictly pigment.
 Stained Glass- as an artwork is common in
Gothic Cathedrals and churches. This is made
by combining many small pieces of colored
glass which are held together by bands of
lead.
 Tapestry – This is a fabric consisting of a warp
upon which colored threads are woven by
hand to produce a design, often pictorial and
for wall hangings and furniture covering.
During the middle Ages, they were hung on
the walls of palaces and in Cathedrals on
festive occasions to provide warmth.
 Drawing- is usually done on paper, using
pencil pen and ink, or charcoal. It is the most
fundamental of all skills necessary in the arts
 Drawing can be done with different kinds of
mediums and the most common is pencil which
comes in different degrees of hardness or
softness, with the pencil lead (graphite)
depending on the kind of drawing the artists will
undertake. For line work, hard pencil lead is
applied. Ink, one of the oldest mediums still in
use, offers a great variety of qualities, depending
on the tools and techniques used in applying the
ink on the surface.
 Bistre- is a brown pigment extracted from the
soot of wood, and often used in pen and wash
drawings.
 Crayons- are pigments bound by wax and
compressed into painted sticks used for
drawing especially among children in the
elementary grade. They adhere better on
paper surface.
 Charcoal- These are carbonaceous materials
obtained by heating wood or other organic
substances in the absence of air. Charcoal is used
in representing broad masses of light and
shadow.
 Silverpoint- In this medium, the artist has
technique of drawing with a silver stylus on
specially prepared paper to produce a thin grayish
line that was popular during the Renaissance
period.
 Print making- a print is anything printed on a
surface that is a direct result from a
duplicating process. Ordinarily, the painting
or graphic image, is done in black ink on
white paper and becomes the artist’s plate.
Five Major Types of Prints

 1) Woodcut - As the name implies, this is

made from a piece of wood. The design
stands as a relief, the remaining surface of
the block being cut away. A woodblock prints
just as do the letters of a typewriter. The lines
of the design are wood, so they are very f
 2) Engraving- This is the art of forming
designs by cutting, corrosion by acids. In
engraving, the lines of the designs are cut
into a metal plate with ink and transferred
from the plate to the paper. The lines of an
engraving are cut by hand with an instrument
called burin, a steel tool with an oblique point
and rounded handle for carving stone and
engraving metal.
 3) IntaglioIs a printing process in which the
design or the text is engraved into the surface
of the place and the ink is transferred to
paper from the groover. The design is
engraved or etched into a metal plate.
 4) Stencil Printing  Is a very common art
activity done by high school students these
days as a part of their practical arts courses. It
is a process which involves the cutting of the
design on special paper cardboard or metal
sheet in such a way that when ink is rubbed
over it, the design is reproduced on the
surface
 5) Relief  Involves the cutting away from a
block of wood or linoleum the parts of the
design that the artist wants to be seen.
Leaving the portion of a design to stand out
wants to be seen, leaving the portion of a
design to stand out on a block or on the
linoleum. T
 Artist- Leonardo
Davinci
 Medium- Oil Paint
 Technique- porated." Creating imperceptible
transitions between light and shade, and
sometimes between colors, he blended
everything "without borders, in the manner
of smoke," his brush strokes so subtle as to be
invisible to the naked eye.
 Curation- Mona Lisa, also called Portrait of Lisa
Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo, Italian La
Gioconda, or French La Joconde, oil painting on a 
poplar wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, probably the
world’s most famous painting. It was painted sometime
between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in 
Florence, and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum, in 
Paris, where it remained an object of pilgrimage in the
21st century. The sitter’s mysterious smile and her
unproven identity have made the painting a source of
ongoing investigation and fascination.