M2S1 1.

3 Exercise

1. Describe the correlation shown in each of the following scatter diagrams:

a) b)

c) d)

e) f)
2. The following table gives the average maximum daily (24h) temperature and the number of days (24h)
with precipitation exceeding 1mm, each month for a year, in a town in South Wales.

Month Average Number of Below is a scatter diagram of the results, on which has been drawn
Maximum days with a line of best fit whose equation is y = 16 - 0 .34x.
daily temp. precipitation
in oC a) Describe the type of correlation shown by the scatter diagram.
Jan 7.3 15 b) Estimate the number of days with precipitation in a month when
Feb 7.5 11
the average maximum daily temperature is 15oC.
March 9.7 12
April 12.0 10 c) The average maximum daily temperature in Athens in July of that
May 15.5 9 year was 32oC. Give two reasons why should we not use the line to
June 18.1 9
estimate the number of days with precipitation in Athens that
July 20.5 8
Aug 20.4 10
month.
Sept 17.7 11
Oct 14.0 13
Nov 10.4 14
Dec 8.3 14
Number of days with precipitation

Average maximum daily temperature ( oC)

3. ( AQA GCSE Statistics Paper 1 Higher June 2015 Question 7 adapted)

 The table shows the distances (miles) and the cost (£) of nine taxi journeys

(a) Complete the scatter diagram for the data. The first six points have been plotted for you.

…
(c) The mean distance travelled for these nine journeys is 5 miles and the mean cost is £8.
Use these mean values to draw a line of best fit on the diagram.

(d) Use your line of best fit to estimate the cost of a 7 mile taxi journey.
…

4. (AQA GCE Mathematics Paper SS1B June 2010 question 6 adapted)

 Their ages, x years, and reaction times, y milliseconds, are shown in the table.

The scatter diagram is shown below. Comment on what it shows. y = 509.71 + 3.2547x

If the mean of the ages is 60 years and the mean of the reaction times is 705 milliseconds,
draw a line of best fit and use it to estimate the reaction time of a 45 year old.

5. (Table and diagram from AQA GCE Mathematics Paper SS1B June 12 Question 3 )
(b) The data in the above table are plotted on a scatter diagram on the next page.
Draw the line of best fit, which has the equation yA = 4.2 + 2.3x , on the graph.

(c) Use your line to estimate the maximum weight of the salt which will dissolve at 55 oC.

(d) Give two reasons why we cannot use the line to estimate the maximum weight of salt which
will dissolve at 0oC.
7. (Adapted from AQA GCE Mathematics Paper SS1B June 14 Question 6 )

A rubber seal is fitted to the bottom of a flood barrier. When no pressure is applied, the depth of the seal is
15 cm. When pressure is applied, a watertight seal is created between the flood barrier and the ground.
The table shows the pressure, x kilopascals (kPa), applied to the seal and the resultant depth, y
centimetres, of the seal.

(a) The equation of the regression line is y = 14.9 - 0.0290x

Interpret the gradient of this line in context.

(b) Calculate an estimate of the depth of the seal when it is subjected to a pressure of 225 kPa.

(c) (i) Give a statistical reason as to why your equation is unlikely to give a realistic estimate of the depth of
the seal if it were to be subjected to a pressure of 400 kPa.

(ii) Give a reason based on the context of this question as to why your equation will not give a realistic
estimate of the depth of the seal if it were to be subjected to a pressure of 525 kPa.