Dolomitization is a geological process in which calcium carbonate minerals, typically

limestone or calcite, are transformed into the mineral dolomite (calcium magnesium
carbonate). This process usually occurs over long periods of time in marine
environments with high magnesium content. Dolomitization can alter the composition
and texture of rocks, creating dolostone formations, which are distinct from limestone.
It's an important process in understanding sedimentary rock formation and can
impact the porosity and permeability of rocks, influencing groundwater flow and
hydrocarbon reservoirs. Controls on Dolomitization Dolomitization is influenced by
several geological and environmental factors, including:1. Availability of Magnesium
2.Temperature 3.Pressure4.porewater chemistry5.time 6.microbial activity 7.sedi
environ 8.fluid flow 9.primary composition. Models of Dolomitization Dolomitization
models aim to describe the complex geological processes that lead to the
transformation of calcium carbonate minerals into dolomite. 2. These models consider
factors such as the availability of magnesium ions, temperature, pressure, pore water
chemistry, and geological time scales to explain the formation of dolomite-rich rock
formations. 3. Understanding dolomitization models is crucial in fields like
hydrogeology and petroleum geology, as dolomitization can significantly impact the
porosity and permeability of rock reservoirs, influencing fluid flow and resource
extraction. 4. Researchers continue to refine these models to gain insights into the
controls and mechanisms behind dolomitization. Dorag Dolomitization patchy
dolomite was the dorag model. Dolomitization favours mixing of fresh and marine
waters in limestone. Mg ions are supplied by saline brines that mix with freshwater.
Take place in all directions and in all places, it can be patchy. Saline water may come
from Playa Lakes./. Criteria for cement 1. Spar is interparticle in current-transported
grainstone. 2. Two or more generation of spar exist. 3. No relic structures found in the
spar.4. Micrite particles or envelopes not altered to spar.5. Packstone micrite not
changed to spar.6 Spar lines and incompletely fills a cavity7. Plane interfaces
between spar crystals 8. Crystals size increases away from initial substrate 9. Crystal
orientation perpendicular to initial substrate 10. High percentage (30-73%) of enfacial
junctions among triple junctions. Criteria for neomorphism 1Contact between spar
and original material sharp or diffuse.2 Crystal size varies and is patchy from place to
place.3 Intercrystalline boundaries generally curved to wavy.4 Relics of micrite
floating in three dimensions. 5 Spar replacing known shell structure6. Percentage of
enfacial junctions betwee 3 and 5 %. 7. Syntaxial overgrowth into micrite.