Expository

Text

by Elizabeth Brereton

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Gateway Arch
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 STRATEGIES & SKILLS
Comprehension Vocabulary
Strategy: Ask and Answer carved, clues, grand,
Questions landmark, massive,
Skill: Main Idea and monument, national, traces
Key Details
Content Standards
Vocabulary Strategy Social Studies
Multiple-Meaning Words History

ELL Vocabulary
honors, served, term Word count: 764**

Photography Credit: Cover Brand X Pictures/PunchStock.

**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words
in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.

Send all inquiries to:

McGraw-Hill Education
Two Penn Plaza
New York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-119050-8
MHID: 0-02-119050-X

Printed in the United States.

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 Essential Question
How do landmarks help us understand
our country’s story?

by Elizabeth Brereton

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Honoring the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
War Memorials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3
Collecting America’s History. . . . . . . . . . . .11
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Respond to Reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Focus on Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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 Introduction
The National Mall is in the center
of Washington, D.C. The Capitol building
is at the top of the National Mall. The
White House looks out over the Mall.
The National Mall is an important meeting
place. People watch the inauguration of the
President of the United States from the Mall.
Many people come to the Mall to watch
fireworks on July 4. People also get together to
speak for or against things they are concerned
about as Americans.

The Capitol is at the

top of the National Mall.

The Capitol

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 The National Mall is home to important
buildings. These include monuments and
museums. People can learn about American
history at the National Mall. They can find out
about important people, places, and events.

The National Mall

1 2 3 4 5
Reflecting
6 Pool
7 8 The Mall 9 10
11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18 Tidal N
Basin W E
Potomac 19 S
River 20
Jeremy Woodhouse/Photodisc/Getty Images

KEY
1. Vietnam Veterans Memorial 12. Korean War Veterans
2. Museum of American Memorial
History 13. Freer Gallery
3. Museum of Natural History 14. Museum of African Art
4, 5. National Gallery of Art 15. Hirshhorn Museum and
6. Lincoln Memorial Sculpture Garden
7. World War II Memorial 16. Air and Space Museum
8. Washington Monument 17. Museum of the
American Indian
9. Grant Memorial
18. King Memorial
10. The Capitol
19. Roosevelt Memorial
1 1 . Arlington Memorial Bridge
20. Jefferson Memorial

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 Chapter 1
Honoring the Great

The Washington Monument

is a famous landmark. It
honors George Washington.
obelisk George Washington was
America’s first President.
The monument is an
obelisk. It is 555.5 feet
(nearly 170 meters) high.
The monument is the tallest
structure in Washington, D.C.

Language George Washington

Detective was America’s
first President is a
simple sentence.
statue Find another simple
sentence on this
page.
Uyen Le/Photodisc/Getty Images

There is a law that states

nothing in Washington,
D.C. can be taller than the
Washington Monument.

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 The Mall has grand
monuments that honor other
great American Presidents.
The Lincoln Memorial
honors Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln was President
during the Civil War. He
ended slavery in the United
States. Words from Lincoln’s
speeches are carved into the
walls of the memorial.
The Jefferson Memorial A statue of
honors President Jefferson. Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson helped write the sits at the center
of the Lincoln
Declaration of Independence. Memorial.
(tr) BananaStock/PunchStock, (b) Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

The Jefferson
Memorial is made
of white marble.

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 Franklin D. Roosevelt was
President of the United States
for four terms. He was
President during World War II.
The Roosevelt Memorial
is divided into four outdoor
rooms. There is one room
for each term the
President served.

Roosevelt was partly

paralyzed, or unable to
move, as the result of an
illness. He used a wheelchair

Frank Tozier/Alamy
to get around.

UP CLOSE Martin Luther King, Jr.

Memorial
Martin Luther King, Jr. worked for equal
rights for African Americans. The memorial
is a statue of King carved from a
mountain of rock. The design is based
on one of King’s speeches. King talked
about a “stone of hope” being cut from
a “mountain of despair.”

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 Ulysses S. Grant was a general in horse
the American Civil War. Grant was
also the eighteenth President
of the United States. Grant’s
memorial is three massive
sculptures. One sculpture
is of Grant riding a horse.
At each side of that sculpture
(tr) TongRo Image Stock/Alamy, (bl) Luiz Felipe Castro/Flickr/Getty Images

is a sculpture of a war scene.

Ulysses Grant was made

commander of the North’s
forces in 1864.

STOP AND CHECK

Why is the National

Mall important?

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 Chapter 2
War Memorials

pool

Two arches and 56 pillars form the sides

of the World War II Memorial.

The war memorials on the National Mall

honor the people who served during wartime.
The heart of the World War II Memorial is the
pool. Pillars stand at the sides of the pool. Gold
stars decorate a curved wall. The stars represent
the American soldiers who lost their lives in
the war.
Fotosearch/Getty Images

Bert Hoferichter/Alamy

In Other Words the main, or central, part of.

En español, the heart of quiere decir el corazón de.

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 sculpture

This sculpture represents the women

who served in the Vietnam War.

The Vietnam War was America’s longest

war. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial honors
the 58,000 Americans who died or went
missing in action during the Vietnam War.
The names of these people are written on
the walls of the memorial.
Bert Hoferichter/Alamy

In Other Words disappeared during a battle and

presumed to have died. En español, missing in action
quiere decir desaparecidos en combate.
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 The Korean War Veterans Memorial honors
the Americans who served in the Korean War.
Statues of soldiers stand all over the site. About
2,500 images of people who served in the war
can be seen on a wall.

These sculptures are part of the

Korean War Veterans Memorial.

soldier

Richard Nowitz/National Geographic/Getty Images

STOP AND CHECK

Why have the war memorials

been built?

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 Chapter 3
Collecting America’s History

airplane

The Air and Space

Museum has a
collection of early
airplanes and
spacecraft.

Monuments and memorials help people

to remember the past. Museums help people
remember the past, too. The National Mall
is home to many museums.
The Air and Space Museum has the Wright
Brothers’ first plane. It also has the space suits
worn by the astronauts during the moon landing.
The American History Museum has a display
Peter Ryan/National Geographic/Getty Images

of ball gowns. Each gown was worn by a First

Lady, or President’s wife. The museum also has
traces of transportation history. It has old trains
and cars.

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 Museums give clues about other cultures.
The Museum of African Art displays African
arts and crafts, and the Freer Gallery has a
collection of Asian art. The National Gallery
of Art displays art from all around the world.
The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
has a collection of sculptures.

Language Museums give clues about other

Detective cultures is a simple sentence.
Find a sentence on this page
that is not a simple sentence.

The African elephant is a

popular exhibit at the Museum
of Natural History.

elephant
Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

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 This sculpture
can be seen at
the Hirshhorn
Museum and
Sculpture Garden.

UP CLOSE National Museum of

the American Indian
The National Museum
of the American Indian
celebrates Native
American culture and
history. The museum
(t) Pierrette Guertin/Alamy, (bl) Bert Hoferichter/Alamy

contains objects from the

past. It also has many
films and photographs.

STOP AND CHECK

What can museums

give us?
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 Conclusion
The Arlington Memorial Bridge brings
together the Mall and Arlington Cemetery. Many
of America’s soldiers are buried in Arlington
cemetery.
National Mall is a memorial to America’s
history. It is a place that every American can
be proud of.

Visitors can see the Lincoln

Memorial from Arlington Bridge.

bridge
John Aikins/CORBIS

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 Summarize Main Idea

Summarize what you have Detail

learned about the National Mall. Detail

Use your chart to help you. Detail

Text Evidence
1. How do you know that The National Mall
is an expository text? GENRE

2. What are the main points the author

made about the National Mall?
MAIN IDEA AND KEY DETAILS

3. Find the word pool on page 8. Use clues

to figure out its meaning in this text.
MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDS

4. With a partner, write about what you feel

is the most interesting building on the
National Mall. WRITE ABOUT READING

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 Compare Texts
Read about the tallest monument
in the United States.

GATEWAY ARCH
Gateway Arch is the tallest monument in
the United States. The arch was built to honor
Thomas Jefferson and St. Louis. Jefferson
and St. Louis were an important part of
the exploration of the west. The arch is
in St. Louis. Many explorers began their trip
to the west from St. Louis.

Jefferson’s Dream
Jefferson wanted the United
States to reach west across North
America. President Jefferson bought
the Louisiana Territory from France.
This purchase doubled the size
of the United States. President
Jefferson was also responsible for
the trip the explorers Lewis and
Clark made to the Pacific Ocean.

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 (cl) Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-2970], (cr) Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZ62-20214], (b) PictureNet/CORBIS

Luther Ely Smith lived in St. Louis. Smith

was the one who decided to build the arch
to honor the people who explored the West.

A man named Eero Saarinen won a

competition to design the arch. Building
started in 1965. The arch opened to the public
in 1967.

Clark
Lewis

The explorers William

Clark and Meriwether
Lewis began their journey
west in St. Louis.

arch

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 The Gateway Arch is 630 feet (192 meters)
tall. Visitors can ride a tram to the top. The
journey takes four minutes. Visitors can see all
of St. Louis from the top of the arch.

About 900 tons

(816 metric tons) of
stainless steel were
used in the arch.

Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

Make Connections
Which monuments in The National Mall did you
like best? Why? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Which public monument or building in your town
or city has special meaning for you? TEXT TO SELF
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 Glossary
Capitol the building in Washington, D.C. where
Congress meets (page 2)

inauguration the ceremony at which a new

President is sworn in (page 2)

museums places where objects of historic

or cultural importance are displayed (page 3)

obelisk a four-sided pillar that gets narrower

as it gets taller, and ends in a point (page 4)

sculptures artworks made from hard materials,

such as stone or wood (page 7)

Index
galleries, 3, 12 President, 2, 4–7, 11
memorials, 3, 5–11, 14 war memorials, 8–10
monuments, 3–5, 11
museums, 3, 11–13

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 Purpose To learn about a monument

What to Do
Step 1 With a partner, choose a monument or
building that is talked about in the book.

Step 2 Find out as much as you can about it.

Step 3 Make a poster to get visitors to come to the

monument or building you chose. Draw the
monument or building and label its features.

Conclusion Why are monuments and memorials

important?

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 Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The Topic
What is The National Mall about?

Author’s Purpose
What was the author’s purpose
in writing The National Mall?

Vocabulary
What new words did you learn
in the text?
What helped you understand
the meaning of these words?

Conclusions
What was the most important thing
you learned in The National Mall?

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 Landmarks Social Studies

GR L • Benchmark 24 • Lexile [t/k]

Grade 3 • Unit 1 Week 5

www.mheonline.com

ISBN-13 978-0-02-119050-8
MHID 0-02-119050-X
99701
EAN

9 780021 190508
3

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