Expository

Text

by Elizabeth Brereton

PAIRED
Gateway Arch
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 STRATEGIES & SKILLS
Comprehension Vocabulary
Strategy: Ask and Answer carved, clues, grand,
Questions landmark, massive,
Skill: Main Idea and monument, national, traces
Key Details
Content Standards
Vocabulary Strategy Social Studies
Multiple-Meaning Words History

Word count: 619**

Photography Credit: Cover Brand X Pictures/PunchStock.

**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words
in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.

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McGraw-Hill Education
Two Penn Plaza
New York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-118799-7
MHID: 0-02-118799-1

Printed in the United States.

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 Genre Expository Text

Essential Question
How do landmarks help us
understand our country’s story?

by Elizabeth Brereton
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 1
Honoring the Great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Chapter 2
War Memorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3
Collecting America’s History. . . . . . . . . 11
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Respond to Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
PAIRED
READ Gateway Arch. . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Focus on Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . 20

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 Introduction
The National Mall is in the center
of Washington, D.C. The White House
looks out over the Mall. So does
the United States Capitol.

The National Mall is an important

gathering place in our nation’s
capital. People come to the Mall to
see a new President be sworn in. On
the Fourth of July, people can watch
fireworks at the Mall.

The United States Capitol /Ph t di /G tt I

is at the top of the Mall.

W dh
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 The National Mall is home to
many important buildings, such as
memorials and museums. People can
learn about American history there.

The National Mall

1 2 3 4 5
6 Reflecting
Pool 7 8 The Mall 9 10
11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18 Tidal N
Basin
W E
Potomac 19
River S
20
Jeremy Woodhouse/Photodisc/Getty Images

KEY
1. Vietnam Veterans Memorial 13. Freer Gallery
2. Museum of American 14. Museum of African
History Art
3. Museum of Natural History 15. Hirshhorn Museum
4, 5. National Gallery of Art and Sculpture Garden
6. Lincoln Memorial 16. Air and Space
Museum
7. World War II Memorial
17. Museum of the
8. Washington Monument
American Indian
9. Grant Memorial
18. King Memorial
10. The Capitol
19. Roosevelt Memorial
11. Arlington Memorial Bridge
20. Jefferson Memorial
12. Korean War Veterans
Memorial
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 Chapter 1
Honoring the Great
The Washington
Monument is at the
center of the National
Mall. This landmark
is named for George
Washington. He
was America’s first
president. The obelisk
is 555.5 feet high. It
is the tallest structure
in Washington, D.C.

By law, nothing in
Washington is allowed
to be taller than the
Washington Monument.
Uyen Le/Photodisc/Getty Images

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 There are other
monuments to
Presidents, too.
The Lincoln Memorial
honors Abraham
Lincoln. He was the
president during the
Civil War and ended
slavery in the United
States.
This statue
of Abraham
The Jefferson Memorial Lincoln sits
in Lincoln
honors our third
Memorial.
President. Jefferson also
(tr) BananaStock/PunchStock, (b) Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

wrote the Declaration

of Independence.
The Jefferson
Memorial
is made of
Uyen Le/Photodisc/Getty Images

white marble.

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 The Roosevelt Memorial
honors Franklin Delano
Roosevelt. He was the
President for four terms.
He led the United
States through
World War II.

Roosevelt was

Frank Tozier/Alamy
President from 1933
to 1945.

UP CLOSE Martin Luther King,

Jr. Memorial
Martin Luther King, Jr. worked
toward getting equal rights for
African Americans. The memorial has
a statue of King carved from rock.
King was an important figure
of hope for many Americans.

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 Ulysses S. Grant was a general
in the American Civil War.
He was a skilled military
leader. His memorial is
three massive sculptures.
The central one is a
(tr) TongRo Image Stock/Alamy, (bl) Luiz Felipe Castro/Flickr/Getty Images

statue of Grant riding

a horse.

Ulysses Grant became

the eighteenth President
of the United States.

STOP AND CHECK

Who has been

honored on the
Mall?

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 Chapter 2
War Memorials

The columns of the World War II

Memorial represent the states and
territories that made up the United
States at the time.

War memorials honor the people

who served during wartime. The
World War II memorial has columns
around a pool. More than 4,000 gold
stars decorate a curved wall. Each
Fotosearch/Getty Images

star represents 100 American soldiers

who died in the war.

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 This statue is part of Vietnam
Veterans Memorial.

The Vietnam War was America’s

longest war. The Vietnam Veterans
Memorial was finished in 1982. This
memorial is for the 58,000 Americans
who died or went missing during the
Fotosearch/Getty Images

war. Their names are written on the

Bert Hoferichter/Alamy

two walls of the memorial.

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 Another memorial honors American
veterans of the Korean War. There
are 19 sculptures of soldiers at the
site. About 2,500 images of soldiers
from the war appear on a wall.

These sculptures are

part of the Korean War
Veterans Memorial.

Richard Nowitz/National Geographic/Getty Images

STOP AND CHECK

Why have the war

memorials been built?

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 Chapter 3
Collecting America’s History

The Air and Space Museum

has early airplanes.

The National Mall has a number

of museums. One of them is the
Air and Space Museum. Visitors can
see the Wright Brothers’ first plane.
They can also see the suits that the
astronauts wore on the moon.
Richard Nowitz/National Geographic/Getty Images

Peter Ryan/National Geographic/Getty Images

There are traces of transportation

history at the Museum of American
History, too. There are trains from
the 1800s and a 1950s station wagon.
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 Museums and art galleries give clues
about other cultures. The Museum
of African Art has African masks,
paintings, and crafts. The Freer
Gallery is famous for its Asian art.

The National Gallery of Art displays

art from all around the world.
The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden has a collection of sculptures.

The African elephant is

a popular exhibit at the
Museum of Natural History.

Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

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 This sculpture
is at the
Hirshhorn
Museum and
Sculpture
Garden.

UP CLOSE Museum of the

American Indian
The National Museum
of the American
Indian shows Native
American culture
and history. It has
(t) Pierrette Guertin/Alamy, (bl) Bert Hoferichter/Alamy

historical items, films,

and photos.
Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

STOP AND CHECK

What are museums

important?
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 Conclusion
Arlington Memorial Bridge is the
“foot” of the National Mall. It links
the Mall to Arlington Cemetery. That
is where many of America’s heroes
are buried.

The National Mall is a place of

which every American can be proud.

Visitors can see the

Lincoln Memorial from
Arlington Bridge.
John Aikins/CORBIS

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 Summarize Main Idea

Main Idea
Detail
Summarize what you
Detail
Detail
have learned about the
Detail
Detail
National Mall. Use your
Detail
chart to help you.

Text Evidence
1. How do you know that The National
Mall is an expository text? Genre

2. Why is the National Mall important?

Main Idea and Key Details

3. Find the word pool on page 8.

Use clues to figure out its meaning.
Multiple-Meaning Words
John Aikins/CORBIS

4. What is one interesting thing about

the National Mall? Write about Reading

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 Genre Expository Text

(cl) Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-2970] (cr) Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZ62-20214] (b) PictureNet/CORBIS
Compare Texts
Read about the tallest monument
in the United States.

GATEWAY ARCH
Gateway Arch is in St. Louis. It is
the tallest monument in the United
States. The arch was built to honor
the people who explored and settled
the West. It also honors President
Thomas Jefferson. He wanted the
United States to stretch right across
North America.

Many people began

their journey west
from St. Louis.

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 A grand monument was the idea of
(cl) Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-2970], (cr) Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division [LC-USZ62-20214], (b) PictureNet/CORBIS

Luther Ely Smith. He wanted people

to know how much the explorers
and settlers had done for America.

A competition was held to choose

a design for the arch. A man named
Eero Saarinen won the competition.
Building began in 1963. The arch was
opened in 1967.

Explorers William Clark

(left) and Meriwether
Lewis (right) began
their journey west
in St. Louis.

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 The Gateway Arch is 630 feet tall.
Visitors can ride a tram to the top.
The journey takes four minutes.
Visitors can see all of St. Louis from
the top.

About 900 tons of

stainless steel were
used in the arch.

Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

Make Connections
Which is your favorite of the
monuments mentioned, and why?
Essential Question

How is the Gateway Arch like the

other monuments you read about?
Text to Text

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 Glossary
Capitol (KA-puh-tuhl) the place where
the nation’s laws are made (page 2)
memorials (muh-MAWR-ee-uhlz)
structures that remind people
of a person or an event (page 3)
obelisk (AH-buh-lisk) a four-sided pillar
that gets narrower as it gets taller,
and ends in a point (page 4)
sculptures (SKUHLP-chuhr) artworks
made from hard materials such as
stone or wood (page 7)
White House (HWIGHT HOWS) the
place where the President lives
(page 2)

Index
galleries, 3, 12 museums, 3, 11–13
memorials, 3, 5–10, 14 presidents, 2, 4–7
monuments, 4, 5 wars, 5–10

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 Purpose To find out about
a monument

What to Do
Step 1 Choose a monument or
memorial you are interested
in—not one that you have
read about in this book.
Step 2 Find out as much as you can
about it—where it is, its size,
and interesting features.
Step 3 Make a poster to attract visitors
to the monument or memorial.
Draw it, and label its features.

Conclusion What do you think is

the most important role of monuments?

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 Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The Topic
What is The National Mall about?

Author’s Purpose
Why do you think the author wrote
The National Mall?

Vocabulary
What new words did you learn
in the text?
What helped you understand
the meanings of the words?

Conclusions
What was the most important thing
you learned in The National Mall?

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 Landmarks Social Studies

GR K • Benchmark 20 • Lexile [t/k]

Grade 3 • Unit 1 Week 5

www.mheonline.com

ISBN-13 978-0-02-118799-7
MHID 0-02-118799-1
99701
EAN

9 780021 187997
3

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