Expository

Text

The Future
of Flight
by Anna Harris

PAIRED
The Cloak of Feathers
READ

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 STRATEGIES & SKILLS
Comprehension ELL Vocabulary
Strategy: Reread experts, explore, future,
Skill: Cause and Effect possible

Vocabulary Strategy Content Standards

Multiple-Meaning Words Science
Technology
Vocabulary
controlled, direction, flight,
impossible, launched,
motion, passenger, popular Word count: 958**

Photography Credit: Cover Cover Gareth Padfield/Flight Stability and Control (University of Liverpool,
United Kingdom) www.mycopter.eu
**The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words
in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or
broadcast for distance learning.

Send all inquiries to:

McGraw-Hill Education
Two Penn Plaza
New York, New York 10121

ISBN: 978-0-02-119284-7
MHID: 0-02-119284-7

Printed in the United States.

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 Essential Question
How are people able to fly?

The Future
of Flight
by Anna Harris

Chapter 1
Where to from Here? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 2
Around the World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 3
Traveling into Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Respond to Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
PAIRED
The Cloak of Feathers . . . . . . . 16
READ
Glossary/Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Focus on Science . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

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 Chapter 1
Where to from Here?

planet

spacecraft

People have imagined all

kinds of strange spacecraft.

Have you watched movies that take

place in the future? You may have seen
people traveling in flying cars or using
Brand X Pictures/PunchStock

spacecraft to explore other planets. These

movies could be showing us what air and
space travel will be like in the future.

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 This jetpack uses
an engine from a
motorcycle.

Imagine the year

is 2040. Your jetpack
new jetpack will
pilot
take you
to the
store. A
jetpack is something
that a person straps
on like a backpack. Fuel and air are burned in
an engine. Then hot air is forced out of the
exhaust, or bottom, of the jetpack. This thrusts
the person wearing the jetpack up into the air.
A person wearing a jetpack can fly!

There are jetpacks that have already been

made. One jetpack can stay up in the air for
30 minutes. It has a range of 30 miles.
Martin Jetpack

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 Gareth Padfield/Flight Stability and Control (University of Liverpool, United Kingdom) www.mycopter.eu
Most experts think that jetpacks would
not be good for everyday travel. A group of
scientists has started a project called myCopter.
The group is studying very small aircraft. The
group wants to know if the use of tiny aircraft
could be possible in the future.

This picture shows what a myCopter

aircraft might look like.

myCopter aircraft

pilot

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 steering wheel

seats

The inside of this futuristic aircraft

looks a lot like a normal helicopter.

The group is thinking about how the tiny

Gareth Padfield/Flight Stability and Control (University of Liverpool, United Kingdom) www.mycopter.eu

aircraft could work. The owners of the aircraft

won’t be trained pilots. Experts want to build
aircraft that fly together. Each aircraft could
send out signals to other aircraft nearby. This
will help keep the aircraft from getting too
close to each other. The owner of the aircraft
will choose the main direction. But the aircraft
will mostly be controlled by a computer on
the aircraft.
STOP AND CHECK

Describe one kind of aircraft you

learned about in this chapter.
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 Chapter 2
Around the World

scramjet aircraft

NASA built this super-fast aircraft

for a project called Hyper-X.

Most passenger jets today fly at 500–600

miles per hour. But scientists are working on
aircraft that will fly much faster.

In 2001, scientists built a very fast aircraft.

The aircraft had a new kind of engine called a
scramjet engine. The aircraft wasn’t controlled
by a pilot because the trip was too dangerous.
It was controlled by a computer. Its top speed
was 7,000 miles per hour!
Steve Lighthill/NASA/Dryden

Language Reread the underlined sentence.

Detective Is it a compound sentence or a
complex sentence?

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 Few scramjet aircraft have been built. But
some experts think the passenger jets of the
future will have scramjet engines.

In 2011, an aircraft company said it had

plans to build a new passenger jet. The new
passenger jet would be able to travel at
3,000 miles per hour! Today the flight from
London to Tokyo takes about 12 hours. The
new plane would take only two hours.

How High They Fly

Future
passenger jet
20 miles high

Boeing 747
6 miles high

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 aaaa

The new passenger jet will use three

different kinds of engines. One kind will be
a normal jet engine. The second kind will
be a lot like a rocket engine. The third kind
will be a scramjet engine.

This new aircraft won’t pollute the planet

as much as other aircraft do. But there is a
catch. The plane won’t be ready until 2050.

In Other Words a problem. En español,

a catch quiere decir una trampa.

The New Passenger Jet

rocket engine

scramjet engine

fuel tanks

jet engine

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aaaa

Traveling Around the World

London

Tokyo

New York
Mountain High Maps/Digital Wisdom

Sydney

TRAVEL TIMES TODAY

London to New York ................................................... 7 hours

London to Tokyo, Japan ............................................ 12 hours
London to Sydney, Australia ..................................... 23 hours

TRAVEL TIMES IN THE FUTURE

London to New York .................................................. 1 hour

London to Tokyo, Japan ........................................... 2 hours
London to Sydney, Australia .................................... 3.5 hours

STOP AND CHECK

What might passenger jets

be like in the future?

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 Chapter 3
Traveling into Space
In the future, International
Space
people might take Station
vacations in space!

Today, mostly
astronauts travel
into space. They are
launched into space
on rocket ships.
Most astronauts go
to the International
Space Station, or
the ISS. The ISS astronauts

orbits Earth.
These astronauts are repairing
part of the outside of the ISS.
Not too long
ago, a private
company built its own spaceship. The
spaceship has already been on some test
flights. But it hasn’t traveled into space.
NASA

10

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 The spaceship needs help to get off the
ground. A plane will carry the spaceship down
a runway. When the plane gets to 50,000
feet, the plane will let go of the spaceship.
The spaceship’s rocket engines will fire up, and
the spaceship will fly into space. Later, the
spaceship will use its wings to fly back to the
ground like a normal plane.

Language Reread the underlined sentence.

Detective What kind of sentence is it? How do
you know?

The plane and the spaceship have been on test flights.

The spaceship is the part in the middle.

plane
David Paul Morris/Bloomberg/Getty Images

spaceship

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 passengers

These people are testing out a life-size model of

the inside of the spaceship at a science museum.

Each spaceship flight will take two and a

half hours. The spaceship will travel 68 miles
above Earth. The pull of gravity is not very
strong when objects are that far away from
Earth. Passengers will float around inside the
plane for about five minutes.
Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images News/Getty Images

The flights will be popular. More than 400

people have already signed up for the flights.
Tickets cost $200,000.

In Other Words agreed to do. En español,

signed up for quiere decir se apuntaron para.

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 People have been exploring new places for
a long time. People have built machines that
have helped them travel faster than before.
Some of the ideas in this book might seem
impossible. But who knows what will happen
in the future!
STOP AND CHECK

Could people land Describe the flights the

on Mars one day? private spaceship will make.
NASA/Pat Rawlings, SAIC

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 How to Make a Balloon Hovercraft
Follow the steps to build your own toy aircraft.

What You Need:

pop-top lid
from drink bottle

old CD craft glue

balloon

What to Do:

1. Glue the bottom of the

lid over the hole in the
center of the CD.

2. Close the lid. Let the

glue dry overnight.

3. Blow up the balloon.

Then pinch the neck so that
no air can escape.

4. Stretch the neck of

the balloon over the
lid. Now, your balloon
hovercraft is ready!

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 Summarize Cause Effect
First
Summarize what you have
Next
learned about what aircraft
could be like in the future. Then
Use the chart to help you.
Now

Text Evidence
1. How do you know that The Future of Flight
is an informational text? GENRE

2. What happens when fuel and air are burned

in the jetpack engine? CAUSE AND EFFECT

3. What clues in the sentence help you

understand the meaning of the word space on
page 10? MULTIPLE-MEANING WORDS

4. Write about why people build new aircraft.

What could happen to air travel if new types
of aircraft are used? WRITE ABOUT READING

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 Compare Texts
Read about how the Norse gods were able to fly.

Once, there was a goddess named Idun. Idun

was the goddess of young people. She looked
after the magic apples that allowed all the other
gods to live forever. One day, Idun was captured
by a giant. The giant could look like anything he
wanted. He turned into an eagle. He lifted Idun
up and carried her away. Then all the other gods
and goddesses quickly grew old.

Loki Idun
Illustration: Luigi Aime

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 None of the gods and goddesses could fly.
But they wanted to rescue Idun. So they asked
a woman named Freya for help. Freya had a
special cloak made of falcon feathers. The cloak
changed its wearer into a bird.
The god Loki borrowed the cloak. Loki turned
into a falcon and flew to the land of the giants.
Loki found Idun and turned her into a nut.
With one quick motion, Loki took the nut and
left for home. But when Loki turned around, he
saw that the giant had again become an eagle.
The eagle was chasing him!

eagle

feathers

nut

falcon

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 Finally, Loki made it back to the city and
went inside. The other gods lit fires around the
walls of the city. The eagle’s wings caught fire as
it tried to cross the walls. The eagle gave up and
flew to the ocean to put out the flames on its
wings.
Idun changed back into a human being. Then
Idun gave apples to all the gods and goddesses.
Soon, they looked young again.

Idun Loki Illustration: Luigi Aime

Make Connections
How is the god Loki able to fly? ESSENTIAL
QUESTION

We have aircraft that allow us to fly. So why would

people make up stories about using a magic cloak
to fly? TEXT TO TEXT
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 Glossary
gravity the force that pulls smaller objects toward
Earth. Gravity stops people from floating off into
space. (page 12)

orbit the fixed path that an object takes as it

circles around Earth. The moon orbits Earth.
(page 10)

range the distance that something can travel

(page 3)

rocket engine a kind of engine that burns fuel

and oxygen to create thrust (page 8)

scramjet engine a kind of engine that has no

moving parts and is built for very fast speeds
(page 6)

thrusts pushes at great speed (page 3)

Index
engines, 3, 6–8, 11 passenger jets, 6–8
jetpacks, 3, 4 spaceships, 10–12
myCopter, 4 vacations, 10
NASA , 6
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 Purpose To find out about forces and motion.

What to Do
Step 1 Follow the procedure on page 14 to make
the hovercraft.

Step 2 Place the hovercraft on a desk and push

it. Measure how far the hovercraft moves.
Write down your observations.

Step 3 Open the pop-top lid and push the

hovercraft. Measure how far the hovercraft
moves this time.

Step 4 Change the size of the balloon. Write what

you think will happen. Then test out the
new balloon sizes.

Conclusion Draw up a two-column chart that has

two headings—“Conditions” and “Distance Traveled.”
Then write the results. What did you learn from this
experiment?

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 Literature Circles

Nonfiction

The Topic
What is The Future of Flight
mostly about?

Text Structure
How does the author organize the
information in The Future of Flight?

Vocabulary
What new words did you learn?
What helped you understand the
meanings?

Conclusions
What are the most important things
you learned in The Future of Flight?

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 Flight Science

GR N • Benchmark 30 • Lexile [t/k]

Grade 3 • Unit 4 Week 4

www.mheonline.com

ISBN-13 978-0-02-119284-7
MHID 0-02-119284-7
99701
EAN

9 780021 192847
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