Definitions

Amartya Sen: An Indian economist and philosopher who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in
1998 for his work on welfare economics and social choice theory.

Gini-coefficient: A measure of income inequality in a society, based on the distribution of income

among the population.

Holistic: Considering the whole system or situation, rather than just focusing on individual parts.

Happy Planet Index: An index that measures the well-being of a country's citizens, taking into
account factors such as life expectancy, ecological footprint, and overall happiness.

Human Development Index: A measure of a country's development level, based on factors such
as life expectancy, education, and income.

Infrastructure: The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the
operation of a society or enterprise.

Subsidies: Financial assistance given by a government or organization to support a particular

activity or industry.

Subsistence: The minimum level of resources necessary for survival.

Tariffs: Taxes imposed on imported or exported goods as a way to protect domestic industries
and raise revenue for the government.

Colonial: Relating to or characteristic of a colony, particularly a former colony that was

controlled by a European power.

Periphery: The outer edges or boundaries of a society or system.

Sustainable: Able to be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or causing
harm to the environment.

Interest Groups: Organizations that advocate for specific policies or causes, often representing
a particular sector of society.

Homogenized: Made uniform or consistent in composition or character.

Globalization: The process by which economies, societies, and cultures become more
integrated and interconnected on a global scale.

Bankrupt: Unable to pay debts owed; financially ruined.

Equity group: A group of individuals or organizations that invest in a company in exchange for
ownership or shares.

3 Pillars of Sustainability: Economic, social, and environmental factors that must be balanced to
achieve sustainable development.

Monetary flow: The movement of money through an economy, including income, spending, and
savings.

Agrarian: Relating to farming or agriculture.

NGO: Non-governmental organization, a non-profit organization that operates independently of

government.

Diplomatic relation: the establishment and maintenance of official communication and

interactions between countries, including the exchange of ambassadors, the negotiation of
treaties, and the representation of national interests.

Pressure groups: organizations or associations that seek to influence public policy or decision-
making by governments, businesses, or other institutions through various forms of advocacy,
such as lobbying, public campaigns, protests, or legal actions.

Citizen journalists: individuals who engage in reporting or commenting on news and events
using digital technologies and social media platforms, often without formal training or affiliation
with traditional media outlets

Capitalist model: an economic system based on the private ownership of capital goods and the
production of goods and services for profit in a market-oriented system, with minimal
government intervention and regulation.

North/South Divide: the global economic and social divide between the more developed and
industrialized countries of the Northern hemisphere (North America, Europe, and parts of Asia)
and the less developed and poorer countries of the Southern hemisphere (Africa, Latin America,
and parts of Asia), characterized by unequal distribution of wealth, resources, and power.