Understanding

Culture, Society and

Politics
Forms and Functions of State Institutions
Quarter 2 – Lesson 1

Presented by:
At the end of this lesson, you are
expected to:
Define state institutions.
Explain the forms and functions of state
institutions.
 Acknowledge the benefits of state
institutions in our life.
 Scrambled words
Unscramble the letters to
identify the concepts being
defined.
 ATEST
An organized political
community acting under a
government and united by
common set of laws.
RNVEGOTENM
The governing body of the
state or nation.
IIIUOSSNNTTT
These are established
organizations or corporations
that are vital in public
operations and transactions.
 SKABN
A financial institution
licensed to provide several
financial services to
different types of customers.
Introduction
The Malacañang Palace symbolizes the sovereignty
or political independence of the country. Examples of
symbolic structures in the Philippines are the buildings
occupied by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the
Philippine General Hospital (PGH), the Cultural Center
of the Philippines (CCP), and many others.
These structures are tangible forms of the principles
and ideals being upheld by institutions.
Institutions
 These are established organizations or
corporations that are vital in public
operations and transactions.
They are created to carry out mandates
aimed at improving the political,
economic, and social conditions of a
nation.
Types of institutions
 Political
 Economic
 Sociocultural
 Non-State
 Educational
 Religious
 Health
Political institutions
These are organizations that
are responsible for creating
laws and policies, implementing
rules, and overseeing the
welfare of the people.
Power
It is the ability of a
person or an institution
to influence others.
State
 It is an organized political community
acting under a government and united by
common set of laws.

 It uses absolute power in directing the

path of a society.
Elements of the State
 Population
 It is the people who make the state.
 Population is essential for the state.
 Without population there can be no State.
Elements of the State
 Territory
 There can be no state without a fixed territory.
 People need territory to live and organize themselves
socially and politically.
 It includes land, water and airspace.
Government
 It is the particular group of people
that controls the state at a given
time.
 Governments are the means through
which the state power us employed
like applying the rule of law.
Sovereignty
 It is the most exclusive element of the State.
Without sovereignty no state can exist.
State has the exclusive title and prerogative
to exercise supreme power over all its people
and territory.
It is the basis which the State regulates all
aspects of the life of the people living in its
territory.
Forms of States
 Authoritarian
 Oligarchic
 Democratic
Authoritarian Government
a. Monarchy is a form of
government in which supreme
power is absolutely lodged with an
individual, who is the head of the
state, often for life or until
abdication. E.g. Great Britain,
Spain
Authoritarian Government
b. Totalitarianism is a political
system that strives to regulate
nearly every aspect of public and
private life. E.g. North Korea,
China
Oligarchic Government
 It is a form of government in which power effectively
rests with a small-elite segment of society
distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, military, or
religious hegemony.
 It does not have one clear ruler, but several powerful
people who rule.
 Theocracy is a government by divine guidance or by
officials who are regarded as divinely guided. Leaders
are members of the clergy, and the state’s legal system
is based on religious law.
 E.g. Saudi Arabia, Iran, the Vatican
Democratic Government
 It is a form of government in which the right to
govern is held by the majority of citizens within a
country or a state.
 All citizen have equal access to power and that all
citizens enjoy universally recognized freedom and
liberties.
 e. g. Philippines, Norway, New Zealand
Roles of the State
 Provide security against external aggressions and
war.
 Ensure security against internal disturbances
disorders and crimes.
 Legally grants and guarantees the rights of the
people.
 Undertakes steps for the creation of necessary
conditions for the socio-economic-politico-cultural
development of the people.
Roles of the State
 Grants citizenship and protects their interest and
rights.
 Conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and
economic relations.
 Secures the goals of national interest in
international relations.
 Three main branches of
Philippine government
EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIARY

The legislative branch formulates law that the

executive branch implements. Any confusion in
and violation of these laws, the judicial branch
interprets.
Main functions of the government
 crafting and passing of laws;
 maintenance of peace and order;
 provision of basic health, education, and social
services;
 protection of the people’s welfare and security.
Main functions of the government
 The government has also the responsibility to
improve the infrastructures of the country by
building roads, bridges, ports, airports, and other
infrastructures.

 These programs and services are funded by the

taxes of the people.
Economic institutions
 Organizations or companies that are in charge of
managing the economy.
 They organize a society’s capacity for production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

 Economy refers to the structure or conditions of

economic life in a country, area, or period.
Three Economic sectors
1. Primary sector
It involves the collection of raw materials from the
environment.
 mining
 fishing
 agriculture
 communities in the rural areas
Three Economic sectors
2. Secondary sector
It is where the transformation of raw materials into
manufactured goods happens.

 processing of food
 manufacturing of electronic devices and automobiles
 refining petroleum
 jewelry making
Three Economic sectors
3. Tertiary sector
It includes education, health care services, legal
services, mass transportation services, and other
businesses that offer services rather goods.
 Remember
Reciprocity refers to the exchange and transfer of goods
and services from one group of people to another and
from one sector to the next.

Redistribution refers to the movement of goods or

services from a central authority (government) to the
members of the society. (Buy-and-sell)

Markets can transcend political borders, forming what is

referred to as the global economy.
Activity 1: Preparing the canvas
Write down your observation about the
government, economy, education, and
health system in the Philippines today
as well as your participation and
involvement in them. Using the
diagram provided.
Process questions:

1. What have you observed from

the data in the diagram?
2. What are the duties and
responsibilities of the state to its
people?
Real-life application

What are the benefits

that you gain from state
institutions?
GOVERNMENT ECONOMY

MY SELF
HEALTH SYSTEM
EDUCATION
Generalization

How can state institutions

provide better services to
its citizens?
Quiz
Part 1: Multiple Choice.
Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. This term refers to social organizations or groups that
cater to the different needs of the members of society.

A. Banking institutions

B. Leadership institutions

C. Plural institutions

D. Social institutions
2. This is the sector of the economy that involves the
collection of raw materials from the environment.

A. Primary sector

B. Secondary sector

C. Tertiary sector

D. Terminal sector
3. This type of social institution enacts laws, implements
rues and policies, and maintains peace and order.

A. Cultural institution

B. Educational institution

C. Political institution

D. Religious institution
4. This refers to the exchange and transfer of goods and
services from one group of people to another and from
one sector to the next.

A. Sharing

B. Redistribution

C. Reciprocity

D. Capitalism
5. In this age of globalization, markets can transcend
political borders forming what is referred to as the ___.

A. State institutions
B. Welfare states

C. Global economy

D. State capitalism
Let’s Check.
Part 1.
1.D.
2.A.
3.C.
4.C.
5.C.
In your notebook, list down ten(10)
non-state institutions familiar to you.