University of Ahlulbait

College of pharmacy
SECOND CLASS

Pharmacognosy
Lab:1
Ass.Lectur : Maryam M. Alhelfy
The scope of Pharmacognosy

Pharmacognosy is the science of drugs of biological

origin ( plant , animal , mineral ).
Or
It can also defined as the obgective study of crude
drugs of the natural sources processed scientifically.

-Pharmacognosy gives a sound knowledge of the

vegetable drugs under botany and animal drugs under
zoology
-It also includes plant taxonomy , plant breeding , plant
pathology , plant genetics and by this knowledge one
can improve the cultivation methods for both medicinal
and aromatic plants .

-There are a number of cards or sheets you have to

recognized the botanical name, family name, local
name, part used, active compound, basic structure,
dosage form, and therapeutic use.
Coffee plant:

Scientific name: Coffea arabica

Family name: Rubiaceae
Local name: ‫القهوة‬
Part used: seeds
Active compound: purine alkaloid like caffeine
Dosage form: tablet, injection.
Therapeutic use: central stimulant.
Cinnamon plant:
Scientific name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Family name: Lauraceae
Local name: ‫الدارسين‬
Part used: bark
Active compound: aldehyde volatile oil like geranial &
neral
Dosage form: solution & ointment
Therapeutic use: flavoring, carminative, has digestive,
antibacterial and anti-parasitic properties
Black pepper plant:

Scientific name: piper nigrum

Family name: piperaceae
Local name: ‫الفلفل األسود‬
Part used: unripe fruit
Active compound: hydrocarbon volatile oil like alpha-
pinene.
Dosage form: powder, ointment
Therapeutic use: stimulant of appetite, febrifuge, aid in
weight loss.
Fennel plant:
Scientific name: Foeniculum vulgare
Family name: umbellifera
Local name: ‫حبة الحلوة‬
Part used: seeds
Active compound: ethereal volatile oil like anethole
Dosage form: drop, capsule.
Therapeutic use: flavoring and carminative
Anethole
papaver plant:
Scientific name: Papaver somniferum
Family name: Papaveraceae
Local name: ‫الخشخاش‬
Part used: ripe capsule
Active compound: opioid alkaloid like morphine,
codeine, papaverine.
Dosage form: tablet, syrup.
Therapeutic use: Narcotic, analgesic, antitussive,
sedative, muscle relaxant.
Morphine
Belladonna plant:
Scientific name: Atropa belladonna
Family name: Solanaceae
Local name: ‫ست الحسن‬
Part used: leaves
Active compound: alkaloid like atropine, hyoscyamine,
hyoscine.
Dosage form: tablet, injection, drop, syrup.
Therapeutic use: antispasmodic, and mydriatic.
Peppermint plant:
Scientific name: Mentha piperita
Family name: Labiatae
Local name: ‫النعناع‬
Part used: leaves
Active compound: alcoholic volatile oil like menthol
Dosage form: lozenges and syrup
Therapeutic use: flavoring and carminative.